Chassis yemotokari yese yeDivergent3D yakadhindwa mu3D. Yakaburitswa pachena paSLM Solutions booth paFormnext 2018 muFrankfurt, Germany, kubva musi wa13 kusvika 16 Mbudzi.
Kana uine ruzivo rwekugadzira zvinhu zvinowedzera (AM), ungangove unoziva ma nozzles ekudhinda e3D epuratifomu yeGE's Leap jet engine. Bhizinesi renhau rave richinyora nezvenyaya iyi kubvira muna 2012, sezvo iriyo nyaya yekutanga yakaziviswa zvakanaka yeAM iri kushanda mukugadzirwa kwenyika chaiyo.
Manozzle emafuta ane chidimbu chimwe chete anotsiva yaimbova mubatanidzwa wezvikamu makumi maviri. Yaifanirawo kuva nedhizaini yakasimba nekuti yaisangana nekupisa kwakakwira kusvika 2,400 degrees Fahrenheit mukati meinjini yejet. Chikamu ichi chakagamuchira chitupa chekubhururuka muna 2016.
Nhasi, GE Aviation inonzi ine zvibvumirano zvinopfuura 16,000 zvemainjini ayo eLeap. Nekuda kwekudiwa kukuru, kambani iyi yakashuma kuti yakadhinda nozzle yayo yemafuta ye3D yakadhindwa ye3D mumatsutso a2018. GE Aviation inogadzira zvikamu izvi muAuburn, Alabama, uko inoshandisa maprinta esimbi anopfuura 40 e3D ekugadzira zvikamu. GE Aviation inoshuma kuti injini yega yega yeLeap ine nozzle dzemafuta gumi nepfumbamwe dzakadhindwa ye3D.
Vakuru veGE vangave vaneta nekutaura nezvema "fuel nozzles", asi zvakagadzira nzira yekubudirira kwekambani yeAM. Kutaura zvazviri, misangano yese mitsva yekugadzira injini inotanga nehurukuro yekuti ingasanganisire sei kugadzirwa kwe "additives" mukuvandudza zvigadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, injini itsva yeGE 9X iri pasi pechitupa parizvino ine ma "fuel nozzles" makumi maviri nemasere uye "3D printed combustion mixer". Mune mumwe muenzaniso, GE Aviation iri kugadzira patsva injini ye turboprop, iyo yave iri dhizaini yakafanana kwemakore angangoita makumi mashanu, uye ichave nezvikamu gumi nezviviri zvakadhindwa ne3D zvinobatsira kuderedza huremu hweinjini ne5 muzana.
"Chatave tichiita kwemakore mashoma apfuura kudzidza kugadzira zvikamu zvakakura zvinogadzirwa zvinowedzerwa," akadaro Eric Gatlin, mukuru wechikwata chekugadzira zvinowedzerwa kuGE Aviation, achitaura neboka revanhu vakaungana pachiteshi chekambani paFormnext 2018 muFrankfurt, Germany, kutanga kwaMbudzi.
Gatlin akaenderera mberi achiti kugamuchira AM "kuchinja kweparadigm" kweGE Aviation. Zvisinei, kambani yake haisi yega. Varatidziri veFormnext vakataura kuti kwaive nevagadziri vakawanda (OEMs neTier 1s) pakuratidzira kwegore rino kupfuura kare. (Vakuru vezviratidziro zvekutengeserana vakashuma kuti vanhu 26,919 vakapinda chiitiko ichi, kuwedzera kwe25 muzana kubva kuFormnext ya2017.) Kunyange hazvo vagadziri vendege vakatungamira mukuita kuti kugadzirwa kwekuwedzera kuve kwechokwadi muzvitoro, makambani emotokari nekutakura. Tekinoroji iri kutariswa nenzira itsva. Nzira yakakomba zvikuru.
Pamusangano wevatori venhau weFormnext, Mutevedzeri Mukuru weMutungamiriri weUltimaker, Paul Heiden, vakagovana ruzivo rwekuti Ford yakashandisa sei michina yekudhinda ye3D yekambani iyi pafekitori yayo yeCologne, Germany, kugadzira maturusi ekugadzira Ford Focus. Akati kambani iyi yakachengetedza mari inosvika chiuru chimwe nechimwe chezvishandiso zvekudhinda zvichienzaniswa nekutenga chishandiso chimwe chete kubva kune mutengesi wekunze.
Kana mainjiniya ekugadzira zvinhu vachida maturusi, vanogona kuisa dhizaini mu3D CAD modeling software, kupukuta dhizaini, kuitumira kuprinta, uye kuidhinda mukati memaawa mashoma. Kufambira mberi musoftware, senge kuisa mamwe marudzi ezvinhu, kwakabatsira kuita kuti maturusi ekugadzira ave nyore, saka kunyangwe "vasina kudzidziswa" vanogona kushanda kuburikidza nesoftware, Heiden akadaro.
Nekukwanisa kweFord kuratidza kushanda kwezvishandiso nemidziyo yakadhindwa mu3D, Heiden akati danho rinotevera rekambani nderekugadzirisa dambudziko rezvinhu zvakachengetwa. Panzvimbo pekuchengetedza mazana ezvikamu, maprinta e3D achashandiswa kuzvidhinda sezvaanorairwa. Kubva ipapo, Ford inotarisirwa kuona kuti tekinoroji iyi inogona kuitei mukugadzira zvikamu.
Mamwe makambani emotokari ari kutotanga kushandisa maturusi ekudhinda e3D nenzira dzehunyanzvi. Ultimaker inopa mienzaniso yematurusi anoshandiswa neVolkswagen pafekitori yayo muPalmela, Portugal:
Yakagadzirwa paUltimaker 3D printer, chishandiso ichi chinoshandiswa kutungamira kuiswa kwebhoti panguva yekuisa mavhiri pafekitori yeVolkswagen muPortugal.
Kana zvasvika pakutsanangura patsva kugadzirwa kwemotokari, vamwe vari kufunga zvakawanda. Kevin Czinger weDivergent3D mumwe wavo.
Czinger anoda kufunga patsva nezvemavakirwo emota. Anoda kugadzira nzira itsva achishandisa makombiyuta epamusoro uye AM kugadzira chassis yakareruka kupfuura mafuremu echinyakare, ine zvikamu zvishoma, inopa mashandiro akanaka, uye isingadhuri kugadzira. Divergent3D yakaratidza chassis yayo yakadhindwa ye3D paSLM Solutions Group AG booth paFormnext.
Chassis yakadhindwa pamuchina weSLM 500 ine ma nodes anozvigadzirisa ega anowirirana mushure mekudhinda. Vakuru veDivergent3D vanoti nzira iyi yekugadzira nekusanganisa chassis inogona kuchengetedza $250 miriyoni mukubvisa mari yekushandisa maturusi uye kuderedza zvikamu ne75 muzana.
Kambani iyi inotarisira kutengesa rudzi urwu rwechigadzirwa chekugadzira kune vagadziri vemotokari mune ramangwana. Divergent3D neSLM vakaumba hukama hwakasimba kuti vazadzise chinangwa ichi.
Senior Flexonics haisi kambani inozivikanwa neveruzhinji, asi ndiyo kambani huru inopa zvikamu kumakambani ari muindasitiri dzemotokari, dhiziri, zvekurapa, mafuta negesi, uye kugadzira magetsi. Vamiriri vekambani vakasangana neGKN Powder Metallurgy gore rapera kuti vakurukure nezvemikana yekudhinda kwe3D, uye vaviri ava vakagovana nyaya dzavo dzekubudirira paFormnext 2018.
Zvikamu zvakagadzirwazve kuti zvishandise AM mavharuvhu ekupinda nekubuda emagetsi ekutonhodza magasi emagetsi ekushandisa mumarori ekutengeserana, ari pamugwagwa mukuru uye ari kunze kwemugwagwa mukuru. Advanced Flexonics inofarira kuona kana paine nzira dzinoshanda dzekugadzira ma prototypes anogona kutsungirira kuyedzwa kwenyika chaiyo uye pamwe kugadzirwa kwakawanda. Neruzivo rwemakore ekugadzira zvikamu zvekushandisa mota nemaindasitiri, GKN ine ruzivo rwakadzama rwekushanda kwezvikamu zvesimbi.
Izvi zvakakosha nekuti mainjiniya mazhinji anotenda kuti zvikamu zvemamwe mashandisirwo emotokari dzemaindasitiri zvinoda huwandu hwe99%. Muzvizhinji zvezvishandiso izvi, handizvo zvazviri, sekureva kwaAdrian Keppler, CEO weEOS, izvo zvinopupurirwa nemupi wetekinoroji yemuchina uye mubatsiri.
Mushure mekugadzira nekuyedza zvikamu zvakagadzirwa neEOS StainlessSteel 316L VPro material, Senior Flexonics vakaona kuti zvikamu zvakagadzirwa zvinowedzerwa zvakasangana nezvinangwa zvavo zvekushanda uye zvinogona kugadzirwa nekukurumidza kupfuura zvikamu zvakagadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, portal inogona kudhindwa ne3D mu70% yenguva zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro ekukanda. Pamusangano wevatori venhau, mapato ese akabatanidzwa muchirongwa ichi akabvuma kuti izvi zvine mukana mukuru wekugadzirwa kwenhevedzano yeramangwana.
"Unofanira kufunga patsva kuti zvikamu zvinogadzirwa sei," akadaro Kepler. "Unofanira kutarisa kugadzira zvakasiyana. Izvi hazvisi zvekuumba kana zvekuumba."
Kune vazhinji vari muindasitiri yeAM, chinhu chikuru ndechekuona tekinoroji iyi ichishandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzekugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda. Mukuona kwevakawanda, izvi zvinoreva kugamuchirwa kwakazara.
AM Technology inoshandiswa kugadzira mavharuvhu aya ekupinda nekubuda ekushandisa mafiriji emhepo anoburitsa gasi rekushandisa mumarori ekutengeserana. Mugadziri wezvikamu izvi zvemuenzaniso, Senior Flexonics, ari kuongorora mamwe mashandisirwo ekudhinda kwe3D mukati mekambani yake.
Nekufunga izvi, vagadziri vezvinhu, software, uye michina vari kushanda nesimba kuti vape zvigadzirwa zvinogonesa izvi. Vagadziri vezvinhu vari kutsvaga kugadzira hupfu nemapurasitiki zvinogona kuzadzisa zvinotarisirwa kuita nenzira inodzokororwa. Vagadziri vemapurogiramu vari kuedza kuwedzera madhatabhesi avo ezvinhu kuti vagadzire masimulation ari echokwadi. Vagadziri vemachina vari kugadzira masero anomhanya nekukurumidza uye ane huwandu hwakakura hwekugadzira kuti agone zvikamu zvakawanda panguva imwe chete. Basa richiri kufanira kuitwa, asi kune mufaro mukuru nezveramangwana rekugadzira zvinhu zvekuwedzera mukugadzira zvinhu zvechokwadi.
"Ndave ndiri muindasitiri iyi kwemakore makumi maviri, uye panguva iyoyo, ndaigara ndichinzwa kuti, 'Tava kuda kuisa tekinoroji iyi munzvimbo yekugadzira.' Saka takamirira ndokumirira," akadaro Mutungamiriri weUL's Additive Manufacturing Competency Center. akadaro Paul Bates, Maneja uye Mutungamiriri weAdditive Manufacturing User Group. "Asi ndinofunga kuti tava kusvika padanho rekuti zvese zviri kuungana uye zviri kuitika."
Dan Davis ndiye mupepeti mukuru weThe FABRICATOR, magazini huru kwazvo inogadzira nekugadzira simbi muindasitiri iyi, pamwe chete nemamwe mabhuku ayo, STAMPING Journal, Tube & Pipe Journal uye The Welder. Anga achishanda pamabhuku aya kubvira muna Kubvumbi 2002.
Mushumo weAdditive unotarisa pakushandiswa kwetekinoroji dzekugadzira zvinhu zvekuwedzera mukugadzira zvinhu zvechokwadi. Vagadziri nhasi vari kushandisa kudhinda kwe3D kugadzira maturusi nezvishandiso, uye vamwe vari kutoshandisa AM pakugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda. Nyaya dzavo dzicharatidzwa pano.