He tānga 3D te anga katoa o te waka a Divergent3D. I whakaatuhia tuatahitia ki te whare whakaaturanga SLM Solutions i Formnext 2018 i Frankfurt, Tiamana, mai i te 13 ki te 16 o Noema.
Mena kei a koe ētahi mōhiotanga mahi mō te hanga tāpiri (AM), kua mōhio pea koe ki ngā pūwero tā 3D mō te tūāpapa miihini Leap a GE. Kua roa te hunga pāpāho pakihi e kōrero ana mō tēnei kōrero mai i te tau 2012, koinei tonu te tuatahi o ngā mahi AM i roto i te ao tūturu.
Ka whakakapia te mea i mua he huihuinga 20-wāhanga e ngā pūwero wahie kotahi-wāhanga. Me whai hoahoa pakari hoki nā te mea ka taea te whakamahi i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 2,400 nekehanga Fahrenheit i roto i te miihini rererangi. I whiwhi te wāhanga i te tiwhikete rere i te tau 2016.
I ēnei rā, e ai ki ngā pūrongo, neke atu i te 16,000 ngā herenga a GE Aviation mō āna miihini Leap. Nā te kaha o te tono, i kōrero te kamupene kua tāia e rātou tana pūwero wahie tā-3D 30,000 i te ngahuru o te tau 2018. Kei te hanga a GE Aviation i ēnei wāhanga i Auburn, Alabama, ā, kei reira e whakahaere ana i te neke atu i te 40 ngā mīhini tā-3D whakarewa mō te hanga wāhanga. E ai ki ngā pūrongo a GE Aviation, he 19 ngā pūwero wahie tā-3D mō ia miihini Leap.
Kua hoha pea ngā āpiha o GE ki te kōrero mō ngā pūwero wahie, engari nā tēnei i whakatakoto te huarahi mō te angitu o te kamupene AM. Inaa, ko ngā hui hoahoa miihini hou katoa ka tīmata me te kōrero mō te whakauru i te hanga taapiri ki ngā mahi whakawhanake hua. Hei tauira, ko te miihini GE 9X hou e whai tiwhikete ana i tēnei wā he 28 ngā pūwero wahie me te mīhini whakaranu tahunga tā 3D. I tētahi atu tauira, kei te hanga hou a GE Aviation i tētahi miihini turboprop, he tata tonu te hoahoa mō te 50 tau pea, ā, ka 12 ngā wāhanga tā 3D hei āwhina i te whakaiti i te taumaha miihini mā te 5 ōrau.
"Ko tā mātou mahi i ngā tau kua taha ake nei ko te ako ki te hanga i ngā wāhanga nui rawa atu i hangaia mā te tāpiritanga," te kī a Eric Gatlin, te tumuaki o te tīma hanga tāpiritanga i GE Aviation, i a ia e kōrero ana ki te mano i huihui mai i te whare whakaaturanga o te kamupene i Formnext 2018 i Frankfurt, Tiamana, i te tīmatanga o Noema.
I haere tonu a Gatlin ki te kī ko te awhi i a AM he "nekehanga tauira" mō GE Aviation. Heoi, ehara i te mea ko tana kamupene anake. I kite ngā kaiwhakaatu i Formnext he nui ake ngā kaihanga (OEM me Tier 1) i te whakaaturanga o tēnei tau i mua atu. (I kī ngā āpiha whakaaturanga hokohoko e 26,919 ngā tāngata i tae atu ki te huihuinga, he pikinga 25 ōrau mai i te Formnext o te tau 2017.) Ahakoa kua ārahi ngā kaihanga rererangi i te pana kia tutuki te hanga taapiri i runga i te papa o te toa, kei te tirohia te hangarau e ngā kamupene motuka me te kawe waka i tētahi huarahi hou. He huarahi tino nui ake.
I tētahi huihuinga pāpāho mō Formnext, i tohaina e te Perehitini Tuarua Matua o Ultimaker, a Paul Heiden, ngā taipitopito mō te whakamahinga a Ford i ngā pūreretā 3D a te kamupene i tana wheketere i Cologne, Tiamana, hei hanga taputapu whakaputa mō te Ford Focus. I kī ia i penapenahia e te kamupene tata ki te 1,000 euros mō ia taputapu tā, ki te whakatauritea ki te hoko i te taputapu kotahi mai i tētahi kaiwhakarato o waho.
Mena kei te hiahia ngā kaihangarau hanga ki ngā taputapu, ka taea e rātou te uta i te hoahoa ki roto i te pūmanawa whakatauira CAD 3D, te whakakanapa i te hoahoa, te tuku atu ki te mīhini tā, ā, ka tāia i roto i ngā hāora. Nā ngā whanaketanga o te pūmanawa, pērā i te whakauru i ngā momo rauemi maha atu, kua āwhina i te whakangāwari ake i ngā taputapu hoahoa, nō reira ka taea e ngā "kāore i te whakangungua" te mahi mā te pūmanawa, e ai ki a Heiden.
I te mea kua taea e Ford te whakaatu i te whai huatanga o ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu kua tāia-3D, i kī a Heiden ko te mahi e whai ake nei mā te kamupene ko te whakatika i te raruraru o ngā wāhanga e toe ana. Engari ko te penapena i ngā rau o ngā wāhanga, ka whakamahia ngā pūreretā 3D hei tā i a rātou e tonoa ana. Mai i reira, e tumanakohia ana ka kite a Ford i te momo pānga o te hangarau ki te hanga wāhanga.
Kei te whakauru kē ētahi atu kamupene motuka i ngā taputapu tā 3D i roto i ngā huarahi auaha. Kei te whakarato a Ultimaker i ngā tauira o ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana e Volkswagen i tana wheketere i Palmela, Potukara:
I hangaia te taputapu ki runga i tētahi pūreretā 3D Ultimaker, e whakamahia ana hei ārahi i te whakatakotoranga o ngā pūtu i te wā e whakatakotoranga ana ngā wira i te wheketere huihuinga o Volkswagen i Potukara.
Mō te whakahou i te hanga waka, he nui ake ngā whakaaro o ētahi. Ko Kevin Czinger o Divergent3D tētahi o rātou.
E hiahia ana a Czinger ki te whakaaro anō i te huarahi hanga waka. E hiahia ana ia ki te waihanga i tētahi huarahi hou mā te whakamahi i te whakatauira rorohiko matatau me te AM hei hanga i ngā anga he mama ake i ngā anga tuku iho, he iti ake ngā wāhanga, he teitei ake te mahi, ā, he iti ake te utu hanga. I whakaatuhia e Divergent3D tana anga tānga 3D i te whare whakaaturanga SLM Solutions Group AG i Formnext.
Ko te anga i tāia ki te mīhini SLM 500 he mea hanga ki ngā pūnga e piri tahi ana i muri i te tānga. E ai ki ngā āpiha o Divergent3D, mā tēnei huarahi ki te hoahoa me te huihuinga anga ka taea te penapena $250 miriona mā te whakakore i ngā utu taputapu me te whakaiti i ngā wāhanga mā te 75 ōrau.
Ko te tumanako a te kamupene ki te hoko atu i tēnei momo waeine hanga ki ngā kaihanga motuka a meake nei. Kua whakatūria e Divergent3D me SLM tētahi hononga rautaki tata hei whakatutuki i tēnei whāinga.
Ehara a Senior Flexonics i te kamupene e mōhiotia whānuitia ana e te marea, engari he kaiwhakarato nui ia o ngā wāhanga ki ngā kamupene i roto i ngā ahumahi motuka, tīhiera, hauora, hinu me te hau, me te whakaputa hiko. I tūtaki ngā māngai o te kamupene ki a GKN Powder Metallurgy i te tau kua hipa ki te matapaki i ngā āheinga o te tā 3D, ā, i whakapuakihia e rāua ā rāua kōrero angitu i Formnext 2018.
Ko ngā wāhanga i hangaia anō hei whakamahi i te AM ko ngā takirere whakauru me te putanga hau mō ngā whakamatao hurihanga hau putanga mō ngā tono taraka arumoni, i runga me waho o te huarahi. Kei te hiahia a Advanced Flexonics ki te kite mēnā he huarahi whai hua ake hei hanga tauira ka taea te tu atu i ngā whakamātautau o te ao tūturu me te hanga papatipu pea. Me ngā tau maha o te mōhiotanga ki te hanga wāhanga mō ngā tono motuka me te ahumahi, he māramatanga hōhonu tō GKN ki te porosity mahi o ngā wāhanga whakarewa.
He mea nui tēnei whakamutunga nā te mea he tokomaha ngā miihini e whakapono ana me 99% te kiato o ngā wāhanga mō ētahi tono waka ahumahi. I roto i te nuinga o ēnei tono, ehara i te mea pērā, e ai ki te Tumu Whakarae o EOS, a Adrian Keppler, e whakaūtia ana e te kaiwhakarato hangarau mīhini me te hoa mahi.
I muri i te whakawhanake me te whakamātautau i ngā wāhanga i hangaia mai i te rauemi EOS StainlessSteel 316L VPro, i kitea e Senior Flexonics kua tutuki i ngā wāhanga i hangaia me te tāpiritanga ā rātou whāinga mahi, ā, ka taea te hanga tere ake i ngā wāhanga i whakarewahia. Hei tauira, ka taea te tā 3D i te tomokanga i roto i te 70% o te wā ki te whakataurite ki te tukanga whakarewa. I te huihuinga pāpāho, i whakaae ngā rōpū katoa i uru ki te kaupapa he nui te pūmanawa o tēnei mō te hanga raupapa a meake nei.
"Me whakaaro anō koe ki te hanga o ngā wāhanga," te kī a Kepler. "Me titiro kē koe ki te hanga. Ehara ēnei i te whakarewanga, i te hanga rānei."
Ki te tini o te umanga AM, ko te mea nui ko te kite i te whakamahinga whānui o te hangarau i roto i ngā taiao hanga nui. Ki te tini, he tohu tēnei i te whakaae katoa.
Ka whakamahia te Hangarau AM hei whakaputa i ēnei takirere tomo me te putanga mō ngā pouaka whakamatao hurihanga hau putanga mō ngā tono taraka arumoni. Kei te rangahau te kaihanga o ēnei wāhanga tauira, a Senior Flexonics, i ētahi atu whakamahinga mō te tānga 3D i roto i tana kamupene.
Me te maumahara ki tēnei, kei te kaha te mahi a ngā kaiwhakawhanake rauemi, pūmanawa, me te mīhini ki te tuku hua hei whakahohe i tēnei. Kei te titiro ngā kaihanga rauemi ki te hanga paura me ngā kirihou ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā tumanakohanga mahi i roto i te huarahi ka taea te tukurua. Kei te ngana ngā kaiwhakawhanake pūmanawa ki te whakawhānui i ā rātou pātengi raraunga rauemi kia tino pono ake ai ngā whakatauira. Kei te hoahoa ngā kaihanga mīhini i ngā pūtau e tere ake ana te oma me te nui ake o ngā awhe whakaputa hei whakauru i ngā wāhanga maha atu i te wā kotahi. Kei te mahi tonu, engari he nui te harikoa mō te heke mai o te hanga tāpiri i roto i te hanga o te ao tūturu.
"E rua tekau tau ahau i roto i tēnei umanga, ā, i taua wā, i rongo tonu ahau, 'Kei te tata mātou ki te whakauru i tēnei hangarau ki tētahi taiao whakaputa.' Nō reira i tatari tonu mātou, i tatari tonu," te kī a te Kaiwhakahaere o te Additive Manufacturing Competency Center o UL. te kī a Paul Bates, Kaiwhakahaere me te Perehitini o te Additive Manufacturing User Group. "Engari ki taku whakaaro kei te tae atu mātou ki te wāhi e huihui ana ngā mea katoa, ā, kei te tupu."
Ko Dan Davis te ētita matua o The FABRICATOR, te maheni hanga me te hanga whakarewa nui rawa atu o te umanga, me ōna pukapuka tuahine, STAMPING Journal, Tube & Pipe Journal me The Welder. Kei te mahi ia i ēnei pukapuka mai i Paenga-whāwhā 2002.
E arotahi ana te Pūrongo Tāpiri ki te whakamahinga o ngā hangarau hanga tāpiri i roto i te hanga o te ao tūturu. Kei te whakamahi ngā kaihanga i ēnei rā i te tānga 3D hei hanga taputapu me ngā taputapu, ā, ko ētahi kei te whakamahi i te AM mō ngā mahi whakaputa nui. Ka whakaatuhia ā rātou kōrero ki konei.