Chassis yose y'imodoka ya Divergent3D ifite icapiro rya 3D. Yagaragaye ku mugaragaro mu cyumba cya SLM Solutions muri Formnext 2018 i Frankfurt mu Budage, kuva ku ya 13 kugeza ku ya 16 Ugushyingo.
Niba ufite ubumenyi mu bijyanye no gukora inyongeramusaruro (AM), ushobora kuba uzi neza imiyoboro ya 3D icapa urubuga rwa moteri ya GE ya Leap jet. Itangazamakuru ry’ubucuruzi ryakomeje gutangaza iyi nkuru kuva mu 2012, kuko ari bwo bwa mbere AM yamenyekanye cyane mu bikorwa byayo mu buryo bufatika.
Utuzu twa lisansi tw’igice kimwe twasimburaga icyahoze ari ihuriro ry’ibice 20. Byagombaga kandi kugira imiterere ikomeye kuko yahuraga n’ubushyuhe bugera kuri dogere 2,400 za Fahrenheit muri moteri y’indege. Igice cyahawe icyemezo cyo kuguruka mu 2016.
Muri iki gihe, GE Aviation bivugwa ko ifite imihigo irenga 16.000 kuri moteri zayo za Leap. Bitewe n'ubusabe bwinshi, iyi kompanyi yatangaje ko yacapye umunwa wayo wa 30.000 wa lisansi wacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D mu mpeshyi ya 2018. GE Aviation ikora ibi bice i Auburn, muri Alabama, aho ikoresha imashini zirenga 40 za 3D zikoreshwa mu gukora ibice. GE Aviation ivuga ko buri moteri ya Leap ifite iminwa 19 ya 3D ikoreshwa mu gucapa lisansi.
Abayobozi ba GE bashobora kuba bararambiwe kuvuga ku bijyanye n'imiyoboro ya lisansi, ariko byatanze inzira yo kugera ku ntsinzi ya AM y'ikigo. Mu by'ukuri, inama nshya zose zo gushushanya moteri zitangirana n'ikiganiro ku buryo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa inganda zikora inyongera mu bikorwa byo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa. Urugero, moteri nshya ya GE 9X iri guhabwa icyemezo ifite imiyoboro 28 ya lisansi n'icyuma gicapa cya 3D. Mu rundi rugero, GE Aviation irimo kuvugurura moteri ya turboprop, imaze imyaka igera kuri 50 imeze nk'uko yari imeze, kandi izaba ifite ibice 12 bya 3D bifasha kugabanya uburemere bwa moteri ho 5%.
“Icyo tumaze imyaka mike dukora ni ukwiga gukora ibice binini cyane bikozwe mu buryo bw’inyongeramusaruro,” ibi ni ibyatangajwe na Eric Gatlin, ukuriye itsinda rikora inyongeramusaruro muri GE Aviation, ubwo yaganiraga n’imbaga yari iteraniye mu cyumba cy’isosiyete cyabereye i Formnext 2018 i Frankfurt, mu Budage, mu ntangiriro z’Ugushyingo.
Gatlin yakomeje avuga ko kwakira AM ari "impinduka mu buryo bw'imikorere" kuri GE Aviation. Ariko, ikigo cye si cyo cyonyine. Abamurikagurisha muri Formnext bavuze ko hari inganda nyinshi (OEMs na Tier 1s) mu imurikagurisha ry'uyu mwaka kurusha mbere hose. (Abayobozi b'imurikagurisha bavuze ko abantu 26,919 bitabiriye iki gikorwa, 25% byiyongereyeho Formnext yo mu 2017.) Mu gihe inganda zikora iby'indege zayoboye igikorwa cyo gutuma inganda zikora inyongera zibaho mu iduka, mu bigo by'imodoka no mu gutwara abantu. Ikoranabuhanga ririmo kurebwa mu buryo bushya. Uburyo bukomeye cyane.
Mu kiganiro n'abanyamakuru cya Formnext, Visi Perezida Mukuru wa Ultimaker, Paul Heiden, yasangije ibisobanuro birambuye ku buryo Ford yakoresheje imashini zicapa za 3D z'iyi sosiyete mu ruganda rwayo rwa Cologne, mu Budage, kugira ngo ikore ibikoresho byo gukora Ford Focus. Yavuze ko iyi sosiyete yazigamye amayero agera ku 1.000 kuri buri gikoresho cyo gucapa ugereranyije no kugura igikoresho kimwe ku mucuruzi wo hanze.
Iyo abahanga mu by’inganda bakeneye ibikoresho, bashobora gushyira igishushanyo muri porogaramu ya 3D CAD modelling, bagatunganya igishushanyo, bakacyohereza kuri printer, hanyuma kikagicapa mu masaha make. Iterambere muri porogaramu, nko gushyiramo ubwoko bwinshi bw’ibikoresho, ryafashije koroshya ibikoresho byo gushushanya, bityo n’“abatarabyigiye” bashobora gukorana na porogaramu, nk’uko Heiden yabitangaje.
Kubera ko Ford yashoboye kugaragaza akamaro k'ibikoresho n'ibikoresho byacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D, Heiden yavuze ko intambwe ikurikira kuri iyi sosiyete ari ugukemura ikibazo cy'ububiko bw'ibice bisigaye. Aho kubika ibice amagana, imashini zicapa mu buryo bwa 3D zizakoreshwa mu kubicapa uko byatumijwe. Kuva aho, Ford yitezweho kureba ingaruka ikoranabuhanga rishobora kugira mu gukora ibice.
Andi masosiyete y’imodoka yamaze gushyiramo ibikoresho byo gucapa bya 3D mu buryo bw’ubuhanga. Ultimaker itanga ingero z’ibikoresho Volkswagen ikoresha mu ruganda rwayo ruri i Palmela, muri Porutugali:
Iki gikoresho cyakozwe kuri printer ya Ultimaker 3D, gikoreshwa mu kuyobora uburyo bwo gushyiramo bolt mu gihe cyo gushyiramo amapine mu ruganda rwa Volkswagen muri Porutugali.
Ku bijyanye no kuvugurura uburyo imodoka zikorwamo, abandi batekereza byinshi kurushaho. Kevin Czinger wo muri Divergent3D ni umwe muri bo.
Czinger arashaka kongera gutekereza ku buryo imodoka zubatswe. Arashaka gushyiraho uburyo bushya akoresheje uburyo bwa mudasobwa bugezweho na AM kugira ngo hakorwe chassis yoroheje kurusha amafuremu asanzwe, irimo ibice bike, itanga imikorere myiza, kandi ihendutse kuyikora. Divergent3D yerekanye chassis yayo yacapwe mu buryo bwa 3D mu cyumba cya SLM Solutions Group AG kiri muri Formnext.
Chassis icapishijwe kuri mashini ya SLM 500 igizwe n'udupfundikizo twishyira hamwe twose duhura nyuma yo gucapa. Abayobozi ba Divergent3D bavuga ko ubu buryo bwo gushushanya no guteranya chassis bushobora kuzigama miliyoni 250 z'amadolari mu gukuraho ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho no kugabanya ibice ku kigero cya 75%.
Iyi sosiyete yizeye kugurisha ubwoko bw'iyi mashini ku bakora imodoka mu gihe kizaza. Divergent3D na SLM bagiranye ubufatanye bukomeye mu rwego rwo kugera kuri iyi ntego.
Flexonics y’Abakuru si ikigo kizwi cyane n’abaturage, ariko ni ikigo gitanga ibikoresho byinshi ku bigo bicuruza imodoka, mazutu, ubuvuzi, peteroli na gaze, ndetse n’inganda zikora amashanyarazi. Abahagarariye ikigo bahuye na GKN Powder Metallurgy umwaka ushize kugira ngo baganire ku bushobozi bwo gucapa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya 3D, maze bombi basangiza inkuru z’ibyo bagezeho muri Formnext 2018.
Ibice byavuguruwe kugira ngo bikoreshe AM ni valve zo gushyiramo umwuka n'izisohora umwuka zo gukoresha ibyuma bikonjesha umwuka bikoreshwa mu makamyo y'ubucuruzi, haba mu muhanda munini cyangwa hanze yawo. Advanced Flexonics ishishikajwe no kureba niba hari uburyo bwiza bwo gukora ibishushanyo mbonera bishobora kwihanganira igeragezwa ry'ibintu nyabyo ndetse no gukora byinshi. Hamwe n'imyaka myinshi y'ubumenyi bwo gukora ibice byo gukoresha mu modoka no mu nganda, GKN ifite ubumenyi bwimbitse ku mikorere y'ibice by'icyuma.
Ibi bya nyuma ni ingenzi kuko injeniyeri nyinshi zizera ko ibice bimwe na bimwe by’imodoka zikoreshwa mu nganda bisaba ubucucike bwa 99%. Muri izi porogaramu nyinshi, si ko bimeze, nk'uko byatangajwe n'umuyobozi mukuru wa EOS, Adrian Keppler, nk'uko ikigo gitanga ikoranabuhanga ry'imashini n'umufatanyabikorwa kibihamya.
Nyuma yo gukora no kugerageza ibice byakozwe mu bikoresho bya EOS StainlessSteel 316L VPro, Senior Flexonics yasanze ibice byakozwe mu buryo bw'inyongera byujuje intego zabyo kandi bishobora gukorwa vuba kurusha ibice byakozwe mu buryo bw'ingufu. Urugero, urubuga rushobora gucapwa mu buryo bwa 3D mu gihe cya 70% ugereranije n'uburyo bwo gukata. Mu kiganiro n'abanyamakuru, impande zose zirebwa n'uyu mushinga zemeye ko ibi bifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gukora uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa mu gihe kizaza.
“Ugomba kongera gutekereza ku buryo ibice bikorwa,” Kepler yagize ati. “Ugomba kureba mu buryo butandukanye ibijyanye no gukora. Ibi si ugukora cyangwa gucura.”
Ku bantu benshi mu nganda za AM, ikintu cy’ingenzi ni ukubona ikoranabuhanga rirushaho kwemerwa mu nganda zikora ibikoresho byinshi. Mu maso ya benshi, ibi byaba ari ukwemera burundu.
Ikoranabuhanga rya AM rikoreshwa mu gukora izi valve zo kwinjira n’izo gusohokeramo ibikoresho bikonjesha imyuka isohora umwuka mu makamyo y’ubucuruzi. Uwakoze ibi bice by’imashini, Senior Flexonics, arimo gukora ubushakashatsi ku zindi serivisi zo gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D muri sosiyete ye.
Bafite ibi mu mutwe, abakora ibikoresho, porogaramu, n'imashini barimo gukora cyane kugira ngo batange ibicuruzwa bibafasha. Abakora ibikoresho barimo gushaka gukora ifu na pulasitiki bishobora guhaza imikorere y'ibiteganijwe mu buryo bushobora gusubirwamo. Abakora porogaramu barimo kugerageza kwagura ububiko bw'ibikoresho byabo kugira ngo bakore simulations zifatika. Abubaka imashini barimo gushushanya uturemangingo dukora vuba kandi dufite umusaruro munini kugira ngo dushobore kwakira ibice byinshi icyarimwe. Haracyari akazi ko gukora, ariko hari ibyishimo byinshi ku hazaza h'inganda zikora inyongeramusaruro mu nganda zikora ibintu mu buryo busanzwe.
“Maze imyaka 20 muri uru ruganda, kandi muri icyo gihe, nakomeje kumva ngo ‘Tugiye gushyira iri koranabuhanga mu buryo bwo gukora.’ Rero twarategereje turategereza,” uyu ni umuyobozi wa UL Additive Manufacturing Competency Center. Paul Bates, Umuyobozi akaba na Perezida w’Itsinda ry’Abakoresha Additive Manufacturing.” Ariko ndatekereza ko amaherezo tugeze aho ibintu byose bihurira kandi bikabaho.”
Dan Davis ni umwanditsi mukuru wa The FABRICATOR, ikinyamakuru kinini cyane gikora ibyuma gikwirakwizwa mu nganda, hamwe n'ibindi bitabo bifitanye isano nacyo, STAMPING Journal, Tube & Pipe Journal na The Welder. Yatangiye gukora kuri ibi bitabo kuva muri Mata 2002.
Raporo y’inyongera yibanda ku ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora inyongeramusaruro mu nganda zikora ibintu mu buryo bufatika. Abakora muri iki gihe bakoresha icapiro rya 3D mu gukora ibikoresho n’ibikoresho, ndetse bamwe bakoresha AM mu mirimo yo gukora ibintu byinshi. Inkuru zabo zizagaragazwa hano.