Chitsulo chonse cha galimoto cha Divergent3D chili ndi mawonekedwe a 3D. Chinayamba kuonekera pagulu ku SLM Solutions booth ku Formnext 2018 ku Frankfurt, Germany, kuyambira pa 13 mpaka 16 Novembala.
Ngati muli ndi chidziwitso chilichonse chokhudza kupanga zowonjezera (AM), mwina mukudziwa bwino ma nozzles osindikizira a 3D a nsanja ya injini ya Leap ya GE. Makampani opanga zinthu akhala akufalitsa nkhaniyi kuyambira 2012, chifukwa inali nkhani yoyamba yodziwika bwino ya AM yomwe ikugwira ntchito m'malo enieni opanga zinthu.
Ma nozzle a mafuta a chidutswa chimodzi amalowa m'malo mwa omwe kale anali opangidwa ndi magawo 20. Inayeneranso kukhala ndi kapangidwe kolimba chifukwa inali ndi kutentha kofika madigiri 2,400 Fahrenheit mkati mwa injini ya jet. Chigawocho chinalandira satifiketi yoyendetsa ndege mu 2016.
Masiku ano, GE Aviation akuti ili ndi malonjezo opitilira 16,000 pa injini zake za Leap. Chifukwa cha kufunidwa kwakukulu, kampaniyo inanena kuti inasindikiza nozzle yake ya 30,000 ya mafuta osindikizidwa mu 3D m'dzinja la 2018. GE Aviation imapanga zida izi ku Auburn, Alabama, komwe imagwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira achitsulo opitilira 40 opangira magawo. GE Aviation inanena kuti injini iliyonse ya Leap ili ndi nozzle zamafuta 19 zosindikizidwa mu 3D.
Akuluakulu a GE mwina atopa ndi kulankhula za ma nozzle amafuta, koma izi zinapangitsa kuti kampaniyo ipambane pa AM. Ndipotu, misonkhano yonse yatsopano yopangira injini imayamba ndi kukambirana momwe mungaphatikizire kupanga zowonjezera mu ntchito yopanga zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, injini yatsopano ya GE 9X yomwe ikuvomerezedwa pakadali pano ili ndi ma nozzle 28 amafuta ndi chosakanizira choyaka cha 3D. Mu chitsanzo china, GE Aviation ikukonzanso injini ya turboprop, yomwe yakhala ikufanana kwambiri kwa zaka pafupifupi 50, ndipo idzakhala ndi zigawo 12 zosindikizidwa za 3D zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kulemera kwa injini ndi 5 peresenti.
"Chomwe takhala tikuchita kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi ndikuphunzira kupanga zida zazikulu kwambiri zopangidwa ndi zowonjezera," adatero Eric Gatlin, mtsogoleri wa gulu lopanga zowonjezera ku GE Aviation, polankhula ndi khamu la anthu lomwe linasonkhana pa booth ya kampaniyo ku Formnext 2018 ku Frankfurt, Germany., kumayambiriro kwa Novembala.
Gatlin anapitiriza kunena kuti kukumbatirana kwa AM ndi "kusintha kwa paradigm" kwa GE Aviation. Komabe, kampani yake si yokhayo. Owonetsa ku Formnext adanenanso kuti panali opanga ambiri (OEMs ndi Tier 1s) pachiwonetsero cha chaka chino kuposa kale lonse. (Akuluakulu a chiwonetsero cha malonda adanenanso kuti anthu 26,919 adapezekapo pachiwonetserochi, kuwonjezeka kwa 25 peresenti kuchokera ku Formnext ya 2017.) Ngakhale opanga ndege atsogolera kukakamiza kupanga zowonjezera kukhala zenizeni m'masitolo, makampani oyendetsa magalimoto ndi zoyendera. Ukadaulowu ukuwonedwa mwanjira yatsopano. Njira yofunikira kwambiri.
Pa msonkhano wa atolankhani ku Formnext, Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Ultimaker, Paul Heiden, adafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe Ford idagwiritsira ntchito makina osindikizira a 3D a kampaniyo pafakitale yake ya Cologne, Germany, popanga zida zopangira Ford Focus. Iye adati kampaniyo idasunga pafupifupi ma euro 1,000 pa chida chilichonse chosindikizira poyerekeza ndi kugula chida chomwecho kuchokera kwa ogulitsa akunja.
Ngati mainjiniya opanga zinthu akufunika zida, amatha kuyika kapangidwe kake mu pulogalamu ya 3D CAD modeling, kupukuta kapangidwe kake, kukatumiza ku printer, ndikusindikiza mkati mwa maola ochepa. Kupita patsogolo kwa mapulogalamu, monga kuphatikiza mitundu yambiri yazinthu, kwathandiza kuti zida zopangira zikhale zosavuta, kotero ngakhale "osaphunzitsidwa" amatha kugwira ntchito kudzera mu pulogalamuyi, Heiden adatero.
Popeza Ford yakwanitsa kusonyeza kufunika kwa zida ndi zida zosindikizidwa mu 3D, Heiden adati gawo lotsatira la kampaniyo ndikuthana ndi vuto la zinthu zosungiramo zinthu. M'malo mosunga zida zambirimbiri, makina osindikizira a 3D adzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzisindikiza momwe akuyitanitsa. Kuchokera pamenepo, Ford akuyembekezeka kuwona mtundu wa momwe ukadaulo ungakhudzire popanga zida.
Makampani ena oyendetsa magalimoto akugwiritsa ntchito kale zida zosindikizira za 3D m'njira zatsopano. Ultimaker imapereka zitsanzo za zida zomwe Volkswagen imagwiritsa ntchito pafakitale yake ku Palmela, Portugal:
Chopangidwa pa chosindikizira cha Ultimaker 3D, chidachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolera kuyika kwa bolt panthawi yoyika mawilo ku fakitale yopangira ma Volkswagen ku Portugal.
Ponena za kusintha kapangidwe ka magalimoto, ena akuganiza zazikulu kwambiri. Kevin Czinger wa ku Divergent3D ndi m'modzi mwa iwo.
Czinger akufuna kuganiziranso momwe magalimoto amamangidwira. Akufuna kupanga njira yatsopano pogwiritsa ntchito makina apamwamba a makompyuta ndi AM kuti apange chassis yopepuka kuposa mafelemu akale, yokhala ndi zigawo zochepa, yopereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, komanso yotsika mtengo kupanga. Divergent3D idawonetsa chassis yake yosindikizidwa ya 3D ku SLM Solutions Group AG booth ku Formnext.
Chassis yosindikizidwa pa makina a SLM 500 ili ndi ma node odzikonzera okha omwe onse amalumikizana pambuyo posindikiza. Akuluakulu a Divergent3D akuti njira iyi yopangira ndi kulumikiza chassis ingapulumutse $250 miliyoni pochotsa ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito zida ndikuchepetsa ziwalo ndi 75 peresenti.
Kampaniyo ikuyembekeza kugulitsa mtundu uwu wa chipangizo chopangira makina kwa opanga magalimoto mtsogolo. Divergent3D ndi SLM apanga mgwirizano wapamtima kuti akwaniritse cholinga ichi.
Kampani ya Senior Flexonics si kampani yodziwika bwino kwa anthu onse, koma ndi kampani yaikulu yopereka zinthu ku makampani opanga magalimoto, dizilo, zamankhwala, mafuta ndi gasi, komanso magetsi. Oimira kampaniyo adakumana ndi GKN Powder Metallurgy chaka chatha kuti akambirane za kuthekera kosindikiza kwa 3D, ndipo awiriwa adagawana nkhani zawo zopambana ku Formnext 2018.
Zigawo zomwe zakonzedwanso kuti zigwiritse ntchito bwino AM ndi ma valve olowetsa ndi otulutsa mpweya a zoziziritsira mpweya zotulutsa mpweya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa magalimoto amalonda, onse pamsewu waukulu komanso kunja kwa msewu. Advanced Flexonics ikufuna kuona ngati pali njira zabwino zopangira zitsanzo zomwe zingapirire mayeso enieni komanso kupanga zinthu zambiri. Ndi zaka zambiri zodziwa kupanga zida zamagalimoto ndi mafakitale, GKN imamvetsetsa bwino momwe ziwalo zachitsulo zimagwirira ntchito.
Chomalizachi n'chofunika chifukwa mainjiniya ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ziwalo zina zamagalimoto amafakitale zimafuna kuchuluka kwa 99%. Muzinthu zambirizi, sizili choncho, malinga ndi CEO wa EOS Adrian Keppler, zomwe wopereka ukadaulo wamakina komanso mnzake amatsimikizira.
Pambuyo popanga ndi kuyesa zida zopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu za EOS StainlessSteel 316L VPro, Senior Flexonics adapeza kuti zida zopangidwa mowonjezera zinakwaniritsa zolinga zawo zogwirira ntchito ndipo zitha kupangidwa mwachangu kuposa zida zopangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, portal ikhoza kusindikizidwa mu 3D mu 70% ya nthawi poyerekeza ndi njira yopangira. Pamsonkhano wa atolankhani, magulu onse omwe adakhudzidwa ndi ntchitoyi adavomereza kuti izi zili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kopanga mndandanda wamtsogolo.
"Muyenera kuganiziranso momwe ziwalo zimapangidwira," adatero Kepler. "Muyenera kuyang'ana kupanga mosiyana. Izi si zoyeretsera kapena zoyeretsera."
Kwa ambiri mumakampani opanga zinthu za AM, chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndikuwona ukadaulo ukufalikira kwambiri m'malo opanga zinthu zambiri. M'maso mwa ambiri, izi zikutanthauza kuvomerezedwa kwathunthu.
Ukadaulo wa AM umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma valve olowera ndi otulutsira mpweya otulutsa mpweya kuti azizizira mpweya wotuluka pogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amalonda. Wopanga zigawo izi, Senior Flexonics, akufufuza momwe angagwiritsire ntchito kusindikiza kwa 3D mkati mwa kampani yake.
Poganizira izi, opanga zinthu, mapulogalamu, ndi makina akugwira ntchito molimbika kuti apereke zinthu zomwe zimathandiza izi. Opanga zinthu akufuna kupanga ufa ndi mapulasitiki omwe angakwaniritse ziyembekezo za magwiridwe antchito mwanjira yobwerezabwereza. Opanga mapulogalamu akuyesera kukulitsa ma database awo azinthu kuti apange zoyeserera kukhala zenizeni. Opanga makina akupanga maselo omwe amayenda mwachangu komanso okhala ndi mitundu yayikulu yopanga kuti agwirizane ndi zigawo zambiri nthawi imodzi. Ntchito ikadali yoti ichitike, koma pali chisangalalo chachikulu chokhudza tsogolo la kupanga zowonjezera popanga zinthu zenizeni.
“Ndakhala mu bizinesi iyi kwa zaka 20, ndipo panthawiyo, ndinkamva kuti, ‘Tili pafupi kupeza ukadaulo uwu m'malo opangira.’ Choncho tinadikira ndi kudikira,” anatero Mtsogoleri wa Additive Manufacturing Competency Center wa UL. anatero Paul Bates, Manager ndi Purezidenti wa Additive Manufacturing User Group.” Koma ndikuganiza kuti potsiriza tafika poti chilichonse chikugwirizana ndipo chikuchitika.”
Dan Davis ndi mkonzi wamkulu wa The FABRICATOR, magazini yayikulu kwambiri yopanga ndi kupanga zitsulo yomwe imafalitsidwa mumakampaniwa, komanso mabuku ena ofanana nawo, STAMPING Journal, Tube & Pipe Journal ndi The Welder. Iye wakhala akugwira ntchito pa mabukuwa kuyambira mu Epulo 2002.
Lipoti Lowonjezera likuyang'ana kwambiri pa kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopangira zowonjezera popanga zinthu zenizeni. Opanga masiku ano akugwiritsa ntchito kusindikiza kwa 3D popanga zida ndi zinthu zina, ndipo ena amagwiritsanso ntchito AM pantchito yopanga zinthu zambiri. Nkhani zawo zidzaperekedwa apa.