Izi mashini zishyirwa ku gitambaro zigenewe gushyirwa ku dupfunyika twihariye kandi zigafasha mu gukuraho iminkanyari mu buryo butandukanye bwo gukoresha crankshaft.
Umukiriya aje agusanga afite akazi ko gukora imiyoboro ya dogere 90. Iyi porogaramu isaba imiyoboro ya santimetero 2. Ingano y'inyuma (OD), santimetero 0.065. Ubugari bw'urukuta, santimetero 4. Umwanya wo hagati (CLR). Umukiriya akeneye ibice 200 mu cyumweru mu gihe cy'umwaka.
Ibisabwa ku gikoresho: gupfunyika imashini, gufunga imashini, gukanda imashini, mandrels n'imashini zo gusukura. Nta kibazo. Bisa nkaho ibikoresho byose bikenewe byo gupfunyika bimwe mu bikoresho biri mu iduka kandi byiteguye gukoreshwa. Nyuma yo gushyiraho gahunda y'imashini, umukozi ushyiramo umuyoboro maze akora igerageza ryo gupfunyika kugira ngo arebe ko imashini igomba guhindurwa. Imashini imwe yavuye mu modoka kandi yari nziza cyane. Bityo, uruganda rwohereza ingero nyinshi z'imiyoboro ipfundikiye ku mukiriya, hanyuma arangiza amasezerano, bizazana ubucuruzi busanzwe bwunguka. Ibintu byose bisa nkaho biri mu buryo bwiza ku isi.
Amezi yarashize, maze umukiriya umwe ashaka kugabanya ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho. Iyi porogaramu nshya isaba imiyoboro ya santimetero 2 x 0.035. Ubugari bw'urukuta na santimetero 3. CLR. Ibikoresho bivuye mu yindi porogaramu bifatwa imbere n'ikigo, bityo ikigo gishobora guhita gitanga ibikoresho bya mbere. Umukoresha ashyira ibikoresho byose kuri feri yo gukanda maze agerageza kugenzura aho bikosoye. Inzira ya mbere yavuye kuri mashini ifite uduce turi imbere muri iyo nzira. Kuki? Ibi biterwa n'igice cy'igikoresho gifite akamaro kanini cyane ku miyoboro yo gukosoza ifite inkuta nto n'uduce duto: imashini ihanagura.
Mu gihe cyo kugonda umuyoboro uzenguruka, ibintu bibiri bibaho: urukuta rw'inyuma rw'umuyoboro rurasenyuka rukagabanuka, mu gihe imbere mu muyoboro hagabanuka hagasenyuka. Ibisabwa byibura ku bikoresho byo kugonda imiyoboro bifite amaboko azunguruka ni umuyoboro ugonda aho umuyoboro ugonda n'icyuma gifunga kugira ngo umuyoboro ukomeze mu mwanya wawo uko ugonda umuyoboro.
Indabyo yo gufunga ifasha kugumana igitutu gihoraho ku muyoboro uri aho uruziga rubera. Ibi bitanga imbaraga zo gukora inzibacyuho. Uburebure bw'indabyo buterwa n'uburyo igice gihagaze n'umurambararo w'umurongo wo hagati.
Gukoresha ubwabyo bizagena ibikoresho ukeneye. Hari igihe hakenewe gusa uduce duto two gupfunyika, uduce duto two gupfunyika n'uduce duto two gukanda. Niba akazi kawe gafite inkuta nini zitanga radii nini, ushobora kudakenera agace gasukura cyangwa agace gasukura. Izindi porogaramu zisaba ibikoresho byuzuye, harimo agace gasya, agace gasukura, na (ku mashini zimwe na zimwe) agace gasukura kugira ngo kafashe kuyobora umuyoboro no kugorora urwego rw'izunguruka mu gihe cyo gupfunyika (reba Ishusho ya 1).
Indabyo za Squeegee zifasha mu kubungabunga no gukuraho iminkanyari ku gice cy'imbere cy'aho ipfundo ribera. Zigabanya kandi imihindagurikire y'imiyoboro. Iminkanyari ibaho iyo mandrel iri mu muyoboro itagishoboye gutanga imbaraga zihagije zo gusubiza.
Mu gihe cyo gupfunyika, agatambaro gahora gakoreshwa hamwe na mandrel yinjijwe mu muyoboro. Akazi ka mandrel ni ukugenzura imiterere y'umurambararo w'inyuma w'umuyoboro. Mandrel kandi ishyigikira radii y'imbere, nubwo itanga gusa inkunga yuzuye ku bikorwa birimo urugero ruto rw'imirongo imwe n'imwe ya D-bends n'urukuta. Bend D ni CLR ipfunyika igabanyijwe n'umurambararo w'inyuma w'umuyoboro, kandi ikintu cy'inyuma ni umurambararo w'inyuma w'umuyoboro ugabanyijwe n'ubugari bw'urukuta rw'umuyoboro (reba Ishusho ya 2).
Udupira two gukaraba dukoreshwa iyo mandrel itagishoboye kugenzura cyangwa gushyigikira neza radius y'imbere. Nk'uko bisanzwe, icyuma cyo gukata gikenewe kugira ngo ugote mandrel iyo ari yo yose ifite urukuta ruto. (Amandrel afite urukuta ruto rimwe na rimwe yitwa mandrel nziza, kandi urwego ni intera iri hagati y'imipira iri kuri mandrel.) Guhitamo mandrel n'urupapuro biterwa n'umuyoboro OD, ubugari bw'urukuta rw'umuyoboro, n'urukuta rwo kugota.
Imiterere ikwiye y'icyuma gisya iba ingenzi cyane cyane iyo porogaramu zisaba inkuta nto cyangwa radii nto. Ongera utekereze ku rugero ruri mu ntangiriro y'iyi nkuru. Ikoreshwa rya santimetero 4. CLR ishobora kudakwira santimetero 3. Impinduka mu bikoresho CLR n'abakiriya bakenera kugira ngo bazigame amafaranga ziherekezwa n'ubuhanga bwo hejuru bukenewe kugira ngo hakosorwe matrix.
Ishusho ya 1 Ibice by'ingenzi bya rotary pipe bender ni clamping, bend and clamping dies. Hari aho bishobora gusaba ko mandrel ishyirwa muri the tube, mu gihe ibindi bisaba gukoresha mandrel doctor head. The collet (itavuzwe hano, ariko izaba iri hagati aho uzashyira the tube) ifasha kuyobora the tube mu gihe cyo gupfunyika. Intera iri hagati ya tangent (aho ipfunyika ibera) n'isonga ry'ipfunyika ryitwa theory wiper offset.
Guhitamo die ikwiye yo gukata, gutanga inkunga ikwiye kuri die igonda, die na mandrel, no gushaka aho die ikwiye yo gukata kugira ngo hakurweho icyuho gitera iminkanyari no kugorama ni byo byingenzi mu gutuma habaho ubuziranenge bwo kugorama. Ubusanzwe, aho impera y'igikanka igomba kuba hagati ya santimetero 0.060 na 0.300 uvuye kuri tangent (reba uburyo ikikanka gihinduka nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1), bitewe n'ingano y'umuyoboro n'umurambararo. Nyamuneka baza umutanga ibikoresho byawe kugira ngo umenye ingano nyayo.
Menya neza ko umutwe w'icyuma gihanagura umwuka urimo umwuka kandi ko nta cyuho kiri hagati y'umutwe w'icyuma gihanagura umwuka n'umurongo w'icyuma. Reba kandi imiterere y'umuvuduko w'ibumba. Niba igishishwa kiri mu mwanya ukwiye ugereranije n'umurongo w'icyuma gihanagura umwuka, shyiramo umuvuduko muto kuri icyuma gihanagura umwuka kugira ngo usunikira icyuma mu gice gihanagura umwuka kandi bifashe koroshya iminkanyari.
Udupira two gupfuka tuba mu buryo butandukanye kandi bungana. Ushobora kugura udupira two gupfuka two mu bwoko bwa rectangular/square dukoreshwa mu miyoboro ya rectangular na rectangular, kandi ushobora no gukoresha udupira two gupfuka two mu bwoko bwa contour/shape kugira ngo duhuze imiterere runaka kandi dushyigikire imiterere yihariye.
Ubwoko bubiri bukunze gukoreshwa cyane ni imashini ihanagura imyenda ifite agace kamwe n'agakoresho gafata imyenda ifite icyuma. Imashini ihanagura imyenda ifite agace kamwe (reba Ishusho ya 3) ikoreshwa mu bikoresho bifite inkuta nto, D-bends nto (ubusanzwe 1.25D cyangwa munsi yayo), ikirere, ubwiza buhanitse, ndetse n'umusaruro muto kugeza ku musaruro uciriritse.
Ku migozi iri munsi ya 2D, ushobora gutangirana n'agakoresho ko kwihanagura gafite impande kare, bikoroshya inzira. Urugero, ushobora gutangirana n'agakoresho ko kwihanagura gafite impande kare kare ka 2D gafite impande kare kare zifite impande 150. Ubundi buryo, ushobora gukoresha agakoresho ko kwihanagura gafite icyuma kugira ngo gakoreshwe mu buryo budakoresha ingufu nyinshi nka 2D gafite impande kare kare, ...
Amasahani yo guhanagura inyuma afite impande enye z'ubugari atanga ubufasha buhagije ku gice cy'imbere cy'umurambararo. Arashobora kandi gucibwa nyuma yo kwangirika, ariko ugomba guhindura imashini kugira ngo ijyane n'agace gato k'aho guhanagura nyuma yo gukatwa.
Ubundi bwoko busanzwe bw'icyuma gifata icyuma gishyushya burahendutse kandi buhendutse mu gukora ibyuma bipfundikiye (reba Ishusho ya 4). Bushobora gukoreshwa ku bishushanyo bya D biri hagati kugeza kuri bito, ndetse no ku bishushanyo bitandukanye bifite umurambararo umwe wo hanze na CLR. Ukimara kubona ko umutwe wangiritse, ushobora kuwusimbuza. Iyo ubikoze, uzabona ko umutwe ushyirwa mu mwanya umwe n'uwabanje, bivuze ko udakeneye guhindura aho icyuma gifata icyuma gihanagura. Ariko, menya ko imiterere n'aho urufunguzo rw'icyuma ruherereye ku gikoresho gisukuye bitandukanye, bityo ugomba kwemeza ko igishushanyo cy'icyuma gihuye n'igishushanyo cy'icyuma gifata icyuma.
Ibikoresho byo gupakira imyenda bifite udukoresho two gupakira imyenda bigabanya igihe cyo kuyishyiraho ariko ntibisabwa ku mirasire mito. Ntabwo kandi bikora n'imiyoboro cyangwa imiterere y'urukiramende cyangwa kare. Ibikoresho byo gupakira imyenda bifite impande ebyiri cyangwa kare bishobora gukorwa byegeranye. Imiyoboro idakora ku bikoresho byo gupakira imyenda idafite aho ihuriye n'ibikoresho byagenewe kugabanya imyanda y'imiyoboro, bigatuma uburebure bw'imiyoboro bugabanuka binyuze mu kwagura igice cyo gupakira inyuma y'umuyoboro no gutuma agakoresho ko gupakira (agakoresho ko gupakira) gashyirwa hafi y'agakoresho ko gupakira (reba Ishusho ya 5).
Intego ni ukugabanya uburebure bw'umuyoboro ukenewe, bityo bikagabanya ibikoresho kugira ngo bikoreshwe neza. Nubwo utu dukoresho two guhanagura tudakoraho tugabanya imyanda, ntidutanga ubufasha bwinshi ugereranyije n'udukoresho two guhanagura inyuma dusanzwe cyangwa udukoresho two guhanagura dusanzwe dukoresheje uburoso.
Menya neza ko ukoresha ibikoresho byiza cyane byo gukata. Umuringa wa aluminiyumu ugomba gukoreshwa mu gukata ibikoresho bikomeye nka icyuma kitagira umugese, titaniyumu na aloyi za INCONEL. Mu gukata ibikoresho byoroshye nka icyuma cyoroshye, umuringa na aluminiyumu, koresha icyuma gihanagura icyuma cya chrome cyangwa icyuma gihanagura (reba ishusho ya 6).
Ishusho ya 2 Muri rusange, gukoresha ibintu bidakomeye cyane ntibisaba imashini isukura. Kugira ngo usome iyi mbonerahamwe, reba imfunguzo ziri hejuru.
Mu gihe ukoresha umukingo w'icyuma ufite icyuma, umukingo ubusanzwe uba ukozwe mu cyuma, ariko rimwe na rimwe umukingo n'umutwe bishobora gusabwa kuba umuringa wa aluminiyumu.
Waba ukoresha agakoresho ko gukamura cyangwa agakoresho ko gufata uburoso gafite ibyuma, uzakoresha igikoresho kimwe. Mu gihe ufashe umuyoboro mu mwanya ufunze neza, shyira agakoresho ko gukaraba hejuru y'aho umuyoboro ugonga n'inyuma. Agakoresho ko gukaraba kazahita gafata umwanya ukoresheje inyundo ya rubber.
Niba udashobora gukoresha ubu buryo, koresha ijisho ryawe n'agakoresho ko gupakira (ruler) kugira ngo ushyireho agakoresho ko gupakira cyangwa agakoresho ko gupakira. Witondere kandi ukoreshe urutoki rwawe cyangwa imboni y'ijisho kugira ngo urebe neza ko agace kagororotse. Menya neza ko agace katari imbere cyane. Urashaka ko umuyoboro unyura ku gasongero k'agace ko gupakira. Subiramo uko bikenewe kugira ngo ugere ku rwego rwiza.
Inguni y'urukiramende ni inguni y'urukiramende ugereranije na matrix. Zimwe mu porogaramu z'umwuga mu by'indege n'izindi zikoresha udupira twakozwe nta ruhushya cyangwa nta ruhushya. Ariko ku bikorwa byinshi, inguni yo kuzunguruka ikunze gushyirwa hagati ya dogere 1 na 2, nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho ya 1 kugira ngo itange umwanya uhagije wo kugabanya gukurura. Uzakenera kumenya neza aho uruziga rugana mu gihe cyo gushyiraho no guhindukira, nubwo rimwe na rimwe ushobora kubishyira ku ruziga rwa mbere.
Ukoresheje matrix isanzwe yo gusiba, shyira umutwe w'isuku inyuma gato inyuma y'umurongo usanzwe. Ibi biha umwanya umukozi wo kuyikoresha kugira ngo ajye imbere umutwe w'isuku uko ugenda usaza. Ariko, ntuzigere ushyira umutwe w'isuku inyuma cyangwa inyuma yayo; ibi byangiza umutwe w'isuku.
Mu gihe ugonda ibikoresho byoroshye, ushobora gukoresha ibyuma byinshi uko ukeneye. Ariko, niba ugonda ibikoresho bikomeye nka icyuma kitagira umugese cyangwa titaniyumu, gerageza gukomeza gukata icyuma ku buryo buto cyane. Koresha ibikoresho bikomeye kugira ngo icyuma gikonjesha kibe kigororotse uko bishoboka kose, ibi bizafasha gusukura imiterere y'imirongo n'imirongo igororotse nyuma y'imirongo. Uburyo nk'ubwo bugomba kandi kuba burimo mandrel ifata neza.
Kugira ngo uruhu rube rwiza cyane, hagomba gukoreshwa mandrel na scraper die kugira ngo bishyigikire imbere mu ruhu no kugenzura ko rutazunguruka. Niba porogaramu yawe isaba squeegee na mandrel, koresha byombi kandi ntuzicuza.
Tugarutse ku kibazo cyabanje, gerageza gutsindira amasezerano ataha ku nkuta nto na CLR ikomeye. Imashini ihanagura imashini imaze gushyirwaho, umuyoboro wavuye muri mashini neza nta minkanyari irimo. Ibi bigaragaza ubwiza inganda zishaka, kandi ubwiza ni bwo inganda zikwiye.
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