Zovala zophimba izi zimapangidwa kuti zikhazikike pamabulaketi apadera ndipo zimathandiza kuchotsa makwinya m'njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito za crankshaft.
Kasitomala amabwera kwa inu ndi ntchito yopangira mapaipi a madigiri 90. Pulogalamuyi imafuna mapaipi a mainchesi 2. Chidutswa chakunja (OD), mainchesi 0.065. Kukhuthala kwa khoma, mainchesi 4. Pakati pa mzere wozungulira (CLR). Kasitomala amafunikira zidutswa 200 pa sabata kwa chaka chimodzi.
Zofunikira pa die: ma die opindika, ma clamping die, ma press die, mandrels ndi ma die oyeretsera. Palibe vuto. Zikuoneka kuti zida zonse zofunika pakupindika zina mwa zitsanzo zili m'sitolo ndipo zakonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo pokhazikitsa pulogalamu ya makina, woyendetsa amaika chitolirocho ndikusintha kuti atsimikizire kuti makinawo akuyenera kusinthidwa. Chotembenuza chimodzi chinatuluka m'galimoto ndipo chinali changwiro. Chifukwa chake, wopanga amatumiza zitsanzo zingapo za ma pipe opindika kwa kasitomala, yemwe kenako amamaliza mgwirizano, womwe ungapangitse bizinesi yopindulitsa nthawi zonse. Chilichonse chikuwoneka kuti chili bwino padziko lapansi.
Miyezi inadutsa, ndipo kasitomala yemweyo ankafuna kuchepetsa ndalama zogulira zinthu. Ntchito yatsopanoyi imafuna machubu a 2″ OD x 0.035″ m'mimba mwake. makulidwe a khoma ndi mainchesi atatu. CLR. Zipangizo zochokera ku ntchito ina zimasungidwa mkati mwa kampani, kotero kampaniyi imatha kupanga zitsanzo nthawi yomweyo. Wogwiritsa ntchito amaika zida zonse pa brake yosindikizira ndikuyesera kuyang'ana kupindika. Kupindika koyamba kunachokera pamakina ndi mikwingwirima mkati mwa kupindika. Chifukwa chiyani? Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha gawo la chida chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri pamapaipi opindika okhala ndi makoma owonda ndi ma radii ang'onoang'ono: chotsukira chofewa.
Pakupindika chubu chozungulira chozungulira, zinthu ziwiri zimachitika: khoma lakunja la chubucho limagwa ndipo limakhala lopyapyala, pomwe mkati mwa chubucho mumachepa ndikugwa. Zofunikira zochepa pazida zopindika mapaipi okhala ndi manja ozungulira ndi die yopindika yomwe chitolirocho chimapindika ndi die yolumikizira kuti igwire chitolirocho pamalo pake pamene chikupindika mozungulira die yopindika.
Diyi yolumikizira imathandizira kuti paipi ikhale yolimba nthawi zonse pamalo pomwe pali kupindika. Izi zimapereka mphamvu yochitira zomwe zimapangitsa kupindika. Kutalika kwa diyi kumadalira kupindika kwa gawolo ndi utali wa mzere wapakati.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kokha kudzasankha zida zomwe mukufuna. Nthawi zina, ma die opindika, ma clamping dies ndi ma press dies okha ndi omwe amafunika. Ngati ntchito yanu ili ndi makoma okhuthala omwe amapanga ma radii akuluakulu, simungafunike die yopukuta kapena mandrel. Ntchito zina zimafuna zida zonse, kuphatikizapo die yopukusira, mandrel, ndi (pa makina ena) collet kuti ithandize kutsogolera chitoliro ndikupindika ndege yozungulira panthawi yopindika (onani Chithunzi 1).
Ma squeegee dies amathandiza kusunga ndi kuchotsa makwinya mkati mwa payipi. Amathandizanso kuchepetsa kusintha kwa payipi. Makwinya amapezeka pamene mandrel mkati mwa payipiyo sangapereke mphamvu yokwanira yochitira zinthu.
Popindika, chopukutira nthawi zonse chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mandrel yolowetsedwa mu chitoliro. Ntchito yayikulu ya mandrel ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe a radius yakunja ya kupindika. Mandrel amathandiziranso ma radii amkati, ngakhale kuti amapereka chithandizo chokwanira pa ntchito zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu yochepa ya ma D-bends ndi ma wall ratios. Bend D ndi bend CLR yogawidwa ndi diameter yakunja ya chitoliro, ndipo wall factor ndi diameter yakunja ya chitoliro yogawidwa ndi makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro (onani Chithunzi 2).
Ma wiper dies amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene mandrel sangathenso kupereka ulamuliro wokwanira kapena chithandizo cha radius yamkati. Kawirikawiri, die yochotsa imafunika kuti ipinde mandrel iliyonse yopyapyala. (Mandrel opyapyala nthawi zina amatchedwa mandrel opyapyala, ndipo pitch ndi mtunda pakati pa mipira pa mandrel.) Kusankha mandrel ndi die kumadalira OD ya chitoliro, makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro, ndi radius yopindika.
Kukonza bwino die yopukutira kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri pamene ntchito ikufuna makoma opyapyala kapena ma radii ang'onoang'ono. Taganiziraninso chitsanzo chomwe chili kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi. Chomwe chimagwira ntchito pa mainchesi 4. CLR singagwirizane ndi mainchesi 3. Kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe CLR ndi makasitomala amafunikira kuti asunge ndalama kumayenderana ndi kulondola kwakukulu komwe kumafunika kuti matrix ikonzedwe.
Chithunzi 1 Zigawo zazikulu za chopondera chitoliro chozungulira ndi clamping, bend ndi clamping dies. Makonzedwe ena angafunike kuti mandrel ayikidwe mu chubu, pomwe ena amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mutu wa dokotala wa mandrel. Collet (yomwe sinatchulidwe pano, koma idzakhala pakati pomwe mudzayike chubu) imathandizira kutsogolera chubu panthawi yopindika. Mtunda pakati pa tangent (malo omwe kupindika kumachitika) ndi nsonga ya chopondera chimatchedwa theoretical wiper offset.
Kusankha chida choyenera chotsukira, kupereka chithandizo choyenera kuchokera ku chida chopindika, chida chopindika ndi mandrel, ndikupeza malo oyenera otsukira kuti muchotse mipata yomwe imayambitsa makwinya ndi kupindika ndiye njira yopangira mapini olimba komanso abwino kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, malo okhala ndi nsonga ya chisa ayenera kukhala pakati pa mainchesi 0.060 ndi 0.300 kuchokera ku tangent (onani kupotoka kwa chisa komwe kwawonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 1), kutengera kukula kwa chubu ndi radius. Chonde funsani kwa wogulitsa zida zanu kuti mudziwe kukula kwake koyenera.
Onetsetsani kuti nsonga ya chotsukira ndi yosalala ndi payipi ya chubu ndipo palibe mpata (kapena "kutupa") pakati pa nsonga ya chotsukira ndi payipi ya chubu. Onaninso momwe mukukhalira ndi mphamvu ya nkhungu. Ngati chisa chili pamalo oyenera poyerekeza ndi payipi ya chubu, ikani mphamvu pang'ono pa pressure matrix kuti mukankhire chubu mu payipi yokhotakhota ndikuthandizira kusalala kwa makwinya.
Ma wiper arrays amabwera m'mitundu ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Mutha kugula ma wiper dies a rectangular/square a mapaipi a rectangular ndi square, ndipo mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito ma wiper a contour/shaped kuti agwirizane ndi mawonekedwe enaake ndikuthandizira mawonekedwe apadera.
Mitundu iwiri yodziwika bwino ndi chopukutira cha square-back wiper cha chidutswa chimodzi ndi chopukutira cha bladed wiper. Ma wiper a square back wiper (onani Chithunzi 3) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zopyapyala zokhala ndi makoma, ma D-bends opapatiza (nthawi zambiri 1.25D kapena kuchepera), ndege, mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri, komanso kupanga pang'ono mpaka pakati.
Pa ma curve osakwana 2D, mutha kuyamba ndi chotsukira chozungulira chozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuyamba ndi chotsukira chozungulira chozungulira cha 2D chokhala ndi wall factor ya 150. Kapenanso, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chogwirira chotsukira chokhala ndi tsamba kuti mugwiritse ntchito mosavuta monga ma curve a 2D okhala ndi wall factor ya 25.
Ma wiper plates okhala ndi sikweya kumbuyo amapereka chithandizo chachikulu cha radius yamkati. Amathanso kudulidwa nsonga ikawonongeka, koma muyenera kusintha makinawo kuti agwirizane ndi wiper cloth yaifupi ikadulidwa.
Mtundu wina wodziwika bwino wa chogwirira cha tsamba lokwapula ndi wotsika mtengo komanso wotchipa kwambiri popanga ma bend (onani Chithunzi 4). Angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ma bend apakati mpaka olimba a D, komanso popinda mapaipi osiyanasiyana okhala ndi mainchesi ofanana akunja ndi CLR. Mukangoona kuti nsonga yawonongeka, mutha kuyisintha. Mukachita izi, mudzazindikira kuti nsongayo imayikidwa yokha pamalo omwewo monga tsamba lakale, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti simuyenera kusintha choyikira mkono chopukutira. Komabe, dziwani kuti kasinthidwe ndi malo a kiyi ya tsamba pa chogwirira cha matrix chotsukira ndi zosiyana, kotero muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kapangidwe ka tsamba kakugwirizana ndi kapangidwe ka chogwirira cha burashi.
Zogwirira zopukutira ndi zoyikapo zimachepetsa nthawi yoyikapo koma sizikulimbikitsidwa pa ma radii ang'onoang'ono. Sizigwiranso ntchito ndi machubu ang'onoang'ono kapena ang'onoang'ono kapena ma profiles. Ma square back wiper combs ndi ma insert wiper hands onse amatha kupangidwa pafupi. Ma disables osakhudzana ndi ma wiper amapangidwira kuchepetsa zinyalala za mapaipi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yofupikitsa powonjezera cholumikizira kumbuyo kwa wiper ndikulola collet (chubu guide block) kuti ikhale pafupi ndi die yopindika (onani Chithunzi 5).
Cholinga chake ndi kufupikitsa kutalika kwa chitoliro chofunikira, motero kusunga zinthu kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera. Ngakhale kuti ma wiper osakhudza awa amachepetsa zinyalala, sapereka chithandizo chochuluka poyerekeza ndi ma wiper okhazikika a square back kapena ma wiper okhazikika okhala ndi maburashi.
Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito chida chabwino kwambiri chodulira. Mkuwa wa aluminiyamu uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popinda zinthu zolimba monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, titaniyamu ndi ma alloy a INCONEL. Mukapinda zinthu zofewa monga chitsulo chofatsa, mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu, gwiritsani ntchito chopukutira chachitsulo kapena chrome steel (onani chithunzi 6).
Chithunzi 2 Kawirikawiri, kugwiritsa ntchito kosavuta sikufuna chip yoyeretsera. Kuti muwerenge tchatichi, onani makiyi omwe ali pamwambapa.
Mukagwiritsa ntchito chogwirira cha mpeni chokhala ndi tsamba, chogwiriracho nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo, koma nthawi zina chogwiriracho ndi nsonga zake zonse zingafunike kukhala za mkuwa wa aluminiyamu.
Kaya mukugwiritsa ntchito chipeso kapena chogwirira burashi chokhala ndi masamba, mugwiritsa ntchito makina omwewo. Mukagwira chubucho molimba, ikani chokokera pamwamba pa kupindika ndi kumbuyo kwa chubucho. Nsonga ya chopukutira idzagundana pamalo ake pogunda kumbuyo kwa chopukutira ndi nyundo ya rabara.
Ngati simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito njira iyi, gwiritsani ntchito diso lanu ndi ruler (ruler) kuti muyike wiper matrix kapena chogwirira wiper blade. Samalani ndipo gwiritsani ntchito chala chanu kapena diso lanu kuti muwonetsetse kuti nsonga yake ndi yowongoka. Onetsetsani kuti nsonga yake siili patsogolo kwambiri. Mukufuna kusintha kosalala pamene chubu chikudutsa nsonga ya wiper matrix. Bwerezani njirayi ngati pakufunika kuti mupange kupindika kwabwino.
Ngodya ya rake ndi ngodya ya squeegee poyerekeza ndi matrix. Ntchito zina zaukadaulo mumlengalenga ndi zina zimagwiritsa ntchito ma wipers opangidwa ndi ma rake ochepa kapena opanda ma rake. Koma pa ntchito zambiri, ngodya yopendekera nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pakati pa madigiri 1 ndi 2, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi 1 kuti zipereke malo okwanira kuti muchepetse kukoka. Muyenera kudziwa malo otsetsereka enieni panthawi yokhazikitsa ndi kutembenuka koyesa, ngakhale nthawi zina mutha kuyiyika pa nthawi yoyamba.
Pogwiritsa ntchito matrix wamba wopukuta, ikani nsonga ya chopukuta kumbuyo pang'ono kumbuyo kwa tangent. Izi zimapatsa wogwiritsa ntchito malo oti asunthire nsonga yotsukira patsogolo pamene ikutha. Komabe, musaike nsonga ya matrix yopukuta mozungulira kapena kupitirira apo; izi zidzawononga nsonga ya matrix yotsuka.
Mukapinda zinthu zofewa, mungagwiritse ntchito ma rake ambiri momwe mukufunira. Komabe, ngati mukupinda zinthu zolimba monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena titaniyamu, yesetsani kusunga chokandacho pamalo otsetsereka pang'ono. Gwiritsani ntchito chinthu cholimba kuti chokandacho chikhale cholunjika momwe mungathere, izi zithandiza kuyeretsa mikwingwirima m'ma curve ndi ma straights pambuyo pa ma curve. Kukonzekera kotereku kuyeneranso kukhala ndi mandrel yolimba.
Kuti mukhote bwino kwambiri, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mandrel ndi scraper die kuti zithandizire mkati mwa khote ndikuletsa kusokonekera kwa kuzungulira. Ngati pulogalamu yanu ikufuna squeegee ndi mandrel, gwiritsani ntchito zonse ziwiri ndipo simudzanong'oneza bondo.
Pobwerera ku vuto loyamba, yesani kupambana mgwirizano wotsatira wa makoma opyapyala ndi CLR yokhuthala. Popeza chitoliro chopukutira chilipo, chubucho chinatuluka mumakinawo bwino popanda makwinya. Izi zikuyimira mtundu wa makampani omwe akufuna, ndipo mtundu wa makampaniwo ndi womwe umayenera.
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