Imirongo gakondo ya hydraulic ikoresha impera imwe yaka umuriro kandi mubisanzwe ikorerwa kuri SAE-J525 cyangwa ASTM-A513-T5, ibikoresho bigoye kubikomora imbere mu gihugu.OEM ishaka abatanga ibicuruzwa murugo irashobora gusimbuza imiyoboro ikorerwa mubisobanuro bya SAE-J356A kandi bigashyirwaho kashe ya O-ring, nkuko bigaragara.Byakozwe na Tru-Line.
Icyitonderwa cya Muhinduzi: Iyi ngingo niyambere mugice cyibice bibiri kumasoko no gutanga imirongo yohereza amazi kumurongo mwinshi.Igice cya mbere kivuga ku miterere y’ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bitangwa mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Igice cya kabiri kivuga ku makuru arambuye y’ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bisanzwe byibanda kuri iri soko.
Icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyateje impinduka zitunguranye mu nganda nyinshi, harimo urwego rwo gutanga imiyoboro y'ibyuma ndetse no gutunganya imiyoboro. Kuva mu mpera za 2019 kugeza ubu, isoko rya tubing ryagize impinduka zibangamira ibikorwa by’uruganda n’ibikoresho. Ikibazo kimaze igihe kinini kimaze kumenyekana.
Abakozi ubu ni ingenzi cyane kuruta mbere hose. Iki cyorezo ni ikibazo cy’abantu, kandi akamaro k’ubuzima kahinduye uburinganire bw’imirimo-ubuzima-bukinirwa kuri benshi, niba atari bose. Umubare w’abakozi bafite ubumenyi wagabanutse kubera ikiruhuko cy’izabukuru, abakozi bamwe badashobora gusubira mu mirimo ishaje cyangwa ngo babone akazi gashya mu nganda zimwe n’ibindi bintu byinshi.Mu minsi ya mbere y’icyorezo, ubuke bw’abakozi bwari bushingiye cyane cyane ku nganda zishingiye ku bucuruzi. furlough cyangwa yagabanije cyane amasaha yakazi. Abakora ubu bafite ikibazo cyo gushaka no kugumana abakozi, harimo nabakora inganda zikora imiyoboro. Gukora tube ahanini ni akazi kamaboko yubururu busaba imbaraga zikomeye mubidukikije bigenzurwa nikirere. Wambare ibikoresho byokwirinda byihariye (nukuvuga masike) kugirango ugabanye kwandura kandi ukurikize amategeko menshi asanzwe afite uburemere bwakazi kubandi.
Gutanga ibyuma nibiciro byibyuma nabyo byahindutse mugihe cyicyorezo.Ku tubari benshi, ibyuma nigiciro kinini cyibigize.Nk'itegeko ngenderwaho, ibyuma bingana na 50% byigiciro kuri buri kirenge cyumuyoboro. Kugeza mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2020, ibiciro by’ibyuma bikonje by’imbere mu gihugu byagereranije amadolari 800 / t mu myaka itatu.Mu mpera za 2021, ibiciro byagabanutse kugera kuri $ 2200 kuri toni.
Urebye uko ibyo bintu byombi byahindutse mugihe cyicyorezo, amasosiyete yo mumasoko yigituba yitwara ate? Ni izihe ngaruka izo mpinduka zigira kumurongo wo gutanga imiyoboro, kandi ni ubuhe buyobozi bwingirakamaro buhari kugirango inganda zive muri iki kibazo?
Mu myaka myinshi ishize, umuyobozi mukuru w’uruganda rukora imiyoboro yavuze muri make uruhare rwa sosiyete ye mu nganda: “Hano dukora ibintu bibiri gusa - dukora imiyoboro, kandi turayigurisha.” , ibirangaza byinshi, ibintu byinshi bigabanya intege nke zamasosiyete, cyangwa ikibazo kiriho (cyangwa ibi bintu byose, bikunze kugaragara) bifite agaciro kubayobozi bayobora birenze.
Ni ngombwa kugera no gukomeza kugenzura twibanda kubyingenzi: ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gukora no kugurisha imiyoboro myiza.Niba imbaraga za sosiyete zitibanda kuri ibyo bikorwa byombi, igihe kirageze cyo gusubira mu by'ibanze.
Mugihe icyorezo kimaze gukwirakwira, imiyoboro ikenerwa mu nganda zimwe na zimwe yagabanutse kugera kuri zeru.Uruganda n’amasosiyete yo mu zindi nganda zifatwa nk’ibidafite akamaro bicaye ubusa.Hari igihe benshi mu nganda batigeze bakora igituba cyangwa ngo bagurishe. Isoko ry’imiyoboro rikomeje kubaho ku bucuruzi buke gusa.
Kubwamahirwe, abantu barimo gukora ibyabo. Abantu bamwe bagura firigo yinyongera kugirango babike ibiryo. Isoko ryamazu riratangira nyuma kandi abantu bakunda kugura ibikoresho bimwe cyangwa byinshi bishya mugihe baguze inzu, ubwo rero inzira zombi zishyigikira icyifuzo cyo kuvoma diameter ntoya. Inganda zikoreshwa mubuhinzi zitangiye gukira, hamwe na ba nyirubwite benshi bifuza traktor nto cyangwa imashini zitwara ibyatsi bito.
Igishushanyo 1. coil), yujuje byinshi mubisabwa.
Isoko ryarahindutse, ariko umurongo ngenderwaho ni umwe.Nta kintu cyingenzi kuruta kwibanda ku gukora no kugurisha imiyoboro ukurikije ibisabwa ku isoko.
Ikibazo "gukora cyangwa kugura" kivuka mugihe ibikorwa byo gukora bihura nigiciro kinini cyumurimo no kugabanuka cyangwa kugabanuka kwimbere.
Gukora ibicuruzwa bya nyuma yo gusudira bisaba ibikoresho byingenzi. Ukurikije umusaruro n’umusaruro w’uruganda, rimwe na rimwe ni inyungu mu bukungu guca imirongo migari mu rugo.Nyamara, gukata imbere birashobora kuba umutwaro, ukurikije ibisabwa nakazi, ibisabwa n’ibikoresho bikenerwa hamwe n’ibiciro byo kubara umurongo mugari.
Ku ruhande rumwe, guca toni 2000 ku kwezi bivamo toni 5.000 z'ibyuma mu bubiko, bigatwara amafaranga menshi. Ku rundi ruhande, amafaranga make cyane arasabwa kugura ibyuma byagabanijwe mu buryo bwihuse.Mu byukuri, urebye ko uruganda rukora imiyoboro rushobora kumvikana n’inguzanyo, rushobora rwose gutinza amafaranga yatanzwe. ikiguzi, hamwe n'amafaranga agenda.
Ni nako bigenda kubyara umusaruro ubwayo, ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze. Isosiyete ifite iminyururu yongerewe agaciro irashobora guhitamo ubucuruzi bwo gukora imiyoboro. Aho gukora imiyoboro hanyuma ikayunama, kuyitwikira no gukora amateraniro ninteko, kugura umuyoboro no kwibanda kubindi bikorwa.
Ibigo byinshi bitanga hydraulic cyangwa ibinyabiziga bitwara ibinyabiziga bifata imashini zifite imiyoboro yabyo. Bimwe muribi nganda ubu bifite inshingano aho kuba umutungo.Abaguzi mugihe cyibyorezo bakunda gutwara bike, kandi ibiteganijwe kugurishwa ryimodoka biratandukanye cyane nurwego rwibyorezo.Isoko ryimodoka rifitanye isano nijambo ribi nko guhagarika ibintu hamwe no kubura ibicuruzwa. hafi yigihe kizaza.Ntabwo bigaragara, EV nyinshi ninshi muri iri soko zifite ibyuma bike bya powertrain yibikoresho.
Uruganda rwa Captive rusanzwe rwubatswe mubishushanyo byabigenewe.Iyi ninyungu yo kuyikoresha - gukora imiyoboro ya progaramu runaka - ariko ni imbogamizi mubijyanye nubukungu bwikigereranyo.Urugero, tekereza ku ruganda rukora imashini rukora ibicuruzwa 10mm bya OD kumushinga uzwi wimodoka. Porogaramu yemeza ko igenamigambi rishingiye ku bwinshi. gahunda ya kabiri. Gushiraho nibindi biciro ni byinshi cyane kugirango ubyemeze.Muri iki gihe, niba isosiyete ishobora kubona isoko itanga ubushobozi, igomba kugerageza gutanga umushinga.
Byumvikane ko kubara bidahagarara muguhagarika. Kurangiza intambwe nko gutwikira, gukata kugeza kuburebure no gupakira byongeweho ikiguzi kinini.Nkuko babivuze, ikiguzi kinini cyihishe mu gukora imiyoboro ni ugukora.Umuyoboro wimurwa uva mu ruganda ujya mu bubiko, aho ukurwaho hanyuma ugashyirwa ku cyicaro cy’akazi kugira ngo ugabanye uburebure bwa nyuma, hanyuma umuyoboro ugashyirwa mu ntambwe zose zikoreshwa mu mashini. Iki giciro cyakazi gishobora kutamenyekana numucungamari, ariko biza muburyo bwumushoramari winyongera cyangwa umuntu wongeyeho mumashami atwara abantu.
Igishushanyo 2. Ibigize imiti ya SAE-J525 na SAE-J356A birasa cyane, bifasha ibya nyuma gusimbuza ibyambere.
Imiyoboro ya Hydraulic imaze imyaka ibihumbi. Abanyamisiri bavomye insinga z'umuringa mu myaka irenga 4.000 ishize. Imiyoboro y'imigano yakoreshejwe mu Bushinwa mu gihe cy'ingoma ya Xia, ahagana mu mwaka wa 2000 mbere ya Yesu, hanyuma nyuma yo kuvoma amazi y'Abaroma hubatswe imiyoboro y'isasu, biva mu nzira yo gushonga ifeza.
Ikidodo. Imiyoboro ya kijyambere idafite icyuma yatangiye bwa mbere muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru mu 1890. Kuva mu 1890 kugeza uyu munsi, ibikoresho fatizo muri iki gikorwa ni fagitire ihamye. Guhanga udushya mu guhora mu gutara mu myaka ya za 1950 byatumye hahindurwa imiyoboro idahwitse iva mu ngobyi kugeza icyo gihe yari ifite ibikoresho biciriritse bidahenze, fagitire. yashyizwe mu rwego rwa SAE-J524 na Sosiyete y'Abashinzwe Imodoka na ASTM-A519 na Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ibizamini n'ibikoresho.
Gukora hydraulic tubing idafite gahunda ikunda kuba akazi gakomeye cyane cyane kumurambararo muto.Bisaba imbaraga nyinshi kandi bisaba umwanya munini.
gusudira. Mu myaka ya za 70, isoko ryarahindutse. Nyuma yo kwiganza ku isoko ry’imiyoboro y’icyuma mu gihe cy’imyaka igera kuri 100, kunyerera nta nkomyi.Yakuweho n'umuyoboro wasuditswe, wasangaga bikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwa mashini nyinshi mu bwubatsi no ku masoko y’imodoka.Yatwaye n'uturere tumwe na tumwe twahoze ari ubutaka bwera - umurenge wa peteroli na gaze.
Udushya tubiri twagize uruhare muri iri hinduka ku isoko.Bimwe muribi birimo guhora baterana ibisate, bifasha uruganda rukora ibyuma gukora neza-kubyara umusaruro mwiza wo mu rwego rwo hejuru.Ubundi buryo butuma irwanya umuvuduko mwinshi wo gusudira inzira ifatika ku nganda zikora imiyoboro. Igisubizo ni igicuruzwa gishya: imikorere myiza nkumuyoboro wicyuma udafite uburinganire ugereranije nibicuruzwa bitagira umupaka ugereranije, kandi kuri uyu munsi J5 biracyashyirwa mu bikorwa. ASTM-A5 133
Kuva mu myaka ya za 90 kugeza ubu, ibyinshi mu miyoboro y'amazi ya hydraulic ikoreshwa ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu, yaba yashushanijwe neza (SAE-J524) cyangwa yashushanyijeho (SAE-J525), yatumijwe mu mahanga.Ibyo bishobora guturuka ku itandukaniro rinini riri hagati y’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo by’umurimo n’ibyuma hagati y’Amerika n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.Ku myaka yashize kugeza ku myaka 40, ibyo bicuruzwa ntibyigeze biboneka kuva mu gihugu kugeza mu myaka yashize. igiciro cyiza cyibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga ni inzitizi ikomeye.
isoko ryubu. Gutwara ibicuruzwa bidafite kashe, bishushanyije kandi bifatanye J524 byagabanutse uko imyaka yagiye ihita.Biracyahari kandi bifite umwanya mwisoko ryumurongo wa hydraulic, ariko OEM mubisanzwe ihitamo J525 niba ibicuruzwa byasuditswe, bishushanyije kandi bifatanye J525 byoroshye kuboneka.
Icyorezo cyibasiye kandi isoko irongera irahinduka. Isoko ry’umurimo, ibyuma n’ibikoresho byo ku isi biragabanuka ku kigero kimwe n’igabanuka ryavuzwe haruguru ryo gukenera ibinyabiziga.Ni ko bimeze no ku itangwa rya hydraulic hydraulic ya J525 yatumijwe mu mahanga. Gutanga ibyo bintu, isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu risa nkaho ryashizwe mu rindi soko, rikaba ritanga umusaruro utari muto, umwe uhari kandi utanga umusaruro uhagije, umwe uhari kandi utanga umusaruro ushimishije, umwe uhari kandi utanga umusaruro mwinshi? ntabwo ikoreshwa cyane.Ni SAE-J356A, yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa na hydraulic (reba Ishusho 1).
Ibisobanuro byatangajwe na SAE bikunda kuba bigufi kandi byoroshye, kuko buri cyerekezo gisobanura inzira imwe gusa yo gukora umuyoboro.Ikibi ni uko J525 na J356A bifite aho bihurira cyane mubipimo, imiterere yubukanishi, nibindi, bityo rero ibisobanuro bikunda kubiba imbuto zurujijo. Byongeye kandi, J356A nigicuruzwa gishyizwe kumurongo wa diameter nini ya hydraulic kandi ikaba ari variant ya hydraulic nini ikoreshwa na hydraulic.
Igicapo 3. Nubwo imiyoboro isudira kandi ikonje ikonje ifatwa nabenshi ko iruta imiyoboro isudira kandi ikonje, imiterere yubukorikori bwibicuruzwa byombi iragereranywa. Icyitonderwa: Agaciro k'ubwami muri PSI ni uguhindura byoroshye ibisobanuro, ni agaciro kerekana muri MPa.
Bamwe mu ba injeniyeri bemeza ko J525 irusha imbaraga ingufu za hydraulic zikoreshwa cyane, nk'izikoreshwa mu bikoresho biremereye.J356A ntizwi cyane, ariko kandi ni n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amazi utwara ibisobanuro. Rimwe na rimwe ibisabwa bya nyuma byo gutandukana biratandukanye: J525 idafite isaro ry'indangamuntu, mu gihe J356A igenzurwa na flash kandi ifite isaro rito.
Ibikoresho fatizo bifite imiterere isa (reba Ishusho ya 2) .Itandukaniro rito mubigize imiti bifitanye isano nubushake bwa mashini yifuzwa. Kugirango ugere kubintu bimwe na bimwe byubukanishi, nko kumena imbaraga mubitera imbaraga cyangwa imbaraga zidasanzwe (UTS), imiti yimiti cyangwa kuvura ibyuma bigarukira gusa kubisubizo bimwe.
Ubwoko bwigituba busangiye ibice bimwe bisa nkibikorwa byubukanishi, bigatuma bihinduranya mubikorwa byinshi (reba Ishusho 3) .Mu yandi magambo, niba imwe itaboneka, indi ishobora kuba yujuje ibisabwa.Nta muntu ukeneye kongera ibiziga; inganda zimaze kugira uruziga rukomeye, ruringaniye rufite.
Ikinyamakuru Tube & Pipe cyabaye ikinyamakuru cya mbere cyahariwe gukorera inganda zikora ibyuma mu 1990. Uyu munsi, iracyari igitabo cyonyine muri Amerika ya Ruguru cyeguriwe inganda kandi kikaba isoko yizewe y’amakuru y’inzobere mu miyoboro.
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Ishimire byuzuye kubisobanuro bya digitale yikinyamakuru STAMPING, gitanga iterambere rigezweho ryikoranabuhanga, imikorere myiza namakuru yinganda kumasoko ya kashe.
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