Traditional hydraulic mizere imagwiritsa ntchito mapeto amodzi omwe amawotchedwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ku SAE-J525 kapena ASTM-A513-T5, zipangizo zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza m'nyumba.OEMs kufunafuna ogulitsa pakhomo akhoza kulowetsa machubu opangidwa ndi SAE-J356A ndipo amasindikizidwa ndi O-ring face seals, monga momwe Tru- Made.
Chidziwitso cha Mkonzi: Nkhaniyi ndi yoyamba pazigawo ziwiri pa msika ndi kupanga mizere yotumizira madzimadzi kuti ikhale yothamanga kwambiri.Gawo loyamba likukamba za momwe zinthu zilili m'nyumba ndi kunja kwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala.
Mliri wa COVID-19 wadzetsa masinthidwe mosayembekezereka m'mafakitale ambiri, kuphatikiza njira yopangira mapaipi achitsulo ndi njira yopanga mapaipi.
Mliriwu ndivuto la anthu, ndipo kufunikira kwa thanzi kwasintha momwe anthu ambiri amagwirira ntchito, ngati si onse. Chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito chatsika chifukwa chopuma pantchito, ena ogwira ntchito akulephera kubwerera ku ntchito zakale kapena kupeza ntchito zatsopano m'makampani omwewo ndi zina zambiri. Opanga tsopano akukumana ndi vuto lolemba ndi kusunga antchito, kuphatikizapo odziwa ntchito zapaipi. Kupanga kwa Tube makamaka ndi ntchito ya manja pa kolala yabuluu yomwe imafuna khama kwambiri m'malo olamulidwa ndi nyengo. yomwe ili kale ndi zochotsa nkhawa zambiri.
Pamachubu ambiri, chitsulo ndiye mtengo waukulu kwambiri. Monga lamulo, chitsulo chimawerengera 50% ya mtengo uliwonse pa phazi limodzi la chitoliro. Kufikira kotala lachinayi la 2020, mitengo yazitsulo yaku US yaku US idagubuduza pafupifupi $800/t kwa zaka zitatu.
Poganizira momwe zinthu ziwirizi zasinthira pa nthawi ya mliri, kodi makampani ogulitsa machubu akuyankha bwanji? Kodi kusinthaku kuli ndi zotsatira zotani pamakina operekera ma chubu, ndipo ndi malangizo otani omwe alipo kuti makampaniwa atuluke muvutoli?
Zaka zambiri zapitazo, mkulu wina wa fakitale ya mapaipi anafotokoza mwachidule ntchito ya kampani yake m’makampani: “Timachita zinthu ziwiri zokha pano – timapanga mapaipi, n’kumawagulitsa.” , zododometsa zambiri, zinthu zambiri zomwe zimafooketsa mfundo zazikulu za kampani, kapena mavuto omwe alipo panopa (kapena zonsezi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo) ndizopindulitsa kwa oyang'anira akuluakulu omwe ali ndi nkhawa.
Ndikofunika kukwaniritsa ndi kusunga ulamuliro poyang'ana zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri: zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kupanga ndi kugulitsa machubu abwino.Ngati zoyesayesa za kampani sizikuyang'ana pa ntchito ziwirizi, ndi nthawi yobwereranso kuzinthu zofunikira.
Pamene mliri ukufalikira, kufunika kwa mapaipi m'mafakitale ena kwatsika mpaka pafupifupi zero. Mafakitale agalimoto ndi makampani m'mafakitale ena omwe amawaona kuti ndi osafunikira akukhala osagwira ntchito. Panali nthawi yomwe ambiri m'makampani sanapange machubu kapena kugulitsa.
Mwamwayi, anthu akupanga zinthu zawo. Ena amagula mafiriji owonjezera kuti asunge chakudya. Msika wanyumba umayamba mtsogolo ndipo anthu amakonda kugula zida zina kapena zambiri zatsopano akagula nyumba, motero njira zonse ziwiri zimathandizira kufunikira kwa machubu ang'onoang'ono. kusowa kwa chip.
Chithunzi 1. SAE-J525 ndi ASTM-A519 zimakhazikitsidwa ngati zowonjezera m'malo mwa SAE-J524 ndi ASTM-A513T5.Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti SAE-J525 ndi ASTM-A513T5 ndizowotcherera, osati zopanda msoko.Zovuta zopezera monga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi zotsogola zakhala zikupanga mipata ya5 chubu3 yowongoka (6 chubu3) zina zowongoka za SAE-J zowongoka zachubu) SAE-J356A (yoperekedwa mu koyilo), yomwe imakwaniritsa zambiri zomwezo Amafuna.
Msika wasintha, koma malangizowo ndi ofanana.Palibe chofunikira kwambiri kuposa kuyang'ana pa kupanga ndi kugulitsa mapaipi malinga ndi zofuna za msika.
Funso la "kupanga kapena kugula" limabwera pamene ntchito zopanga zinthu zimayang'anizana ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso zokhazikika kapena zotsika zamkati.
Kupanga mankhwala opangidwa ndi tubular pambuyo pa weld kumafuna zinthu zofunika kwambiri.Kutengera zomwe zimatuluka ndi kupanga mbewuyo, nthawi zina zimakhala zopindulitsa pazachuma kudula mizere yayikulu mkati mwa nyumba.
Kumbali imodzi, kudula matani 2,000 pamwezi kumabweretsa matani 5,000 azitsulo m'masheya, omwe amakhala ndi ndalama zambiri. Komano, ndalama zochepa zimafunikira kuti mugule zitsulo zodula mwachangu nthawi yomweyo. wopanga machubu aliyense wakhudzidwa ndi mliri wa COVID-19 wokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa anthu aluso, mtengo wachitsulo, komanso kuyenda kwandalama.
Zomwezo zimapangidwira kupanga machubu okha, malingana ndi momwe zinthu zilili.Makampani omwe ali ndi maunyolo owonjezera owonjezera amatha kuchoka ku bizinesi yopanga chitoliro.M'malo mopanga chitoliro ndiyeno nkumapindika, kuphimba ndi kupanga maphwando ang'onoang'ono ndi akuluakulu, kugula chitoliro ndi kuganizira ntchito zina.
Makampani ambiri omwe amapanga zida zama hydraulic kapena machubu amagalimoto amadzimadzi amakhala ndi mphero zawozawo. Ena mwa mafakitalewa tsopano ali ndi ngongole m'malo mwa katundu. Ogula munthawi ya mliri amakonda kuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zolosera zamagalimoto ndizokulirapo kuposa momwe mliri usanachitike. ogulitsa adzasintha kwambiri posachedwapa.Zodziwika bwino, ma EV ochulukirapo pamsika uno ali ndi zigawo zochepa zazitsulo za chubu powertrain.
Ma chubu ogwidwa nthawi zambiri amamangidwa kuchokera ku mapangidwe apangidwe.Izi ndi zopindulitsa pa ntchito yake - kupanga mapaipi a ntchito yeniyeni - koma chosowa potengera chuma cha scale.Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani mphero ya chubu yopangidwira kupanga 10mm OD katundu wa polojekiti yodziwika bwino. kampaniyo inalibe voliyumu yokwanira kuti ivomereze dongosolo lachiwiri.Kukhazikitsa ndi ndalama zina ndizokwera kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire.Pankhani iyi, ngati kampani ingapeze wothandizira wodalirika, iyenera kuyesa kutulutsa ntchitoyo.
Zoonadi, kuwerengera sikuyima pa cutoff.Kumaliza masitepe monga ❖ kuyanika, kudula kutalika ndi kulongedza kumawonjezera mtengo wochuluka. Monga momwe mawuwa amanenera, mtengo waukulu wobisika wa kupanga chitoliro ndi kusamalira.Chubucho chimasunthidwa kuchokera ku mphero kupita ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu, kumene chimachotsedwa ndi kuikidwa pa workbench kwa kudula kutalika komaliza, ndiye machubu amayikidwa muzitsulo zodula kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti makina onse odulidwa amayikidwa mu chubu chimodzi. amafuna ntchito. Ndalama zogwirira ntchitozi sizingadziwike ndi wowerengera ndalama, koma zimabwera ngati wowonjezera forklift kapena munthu wowonjezera mu dipatimenti yoyendetsa.
Chithunzi 2. Mapangidwe a mankhwala a SAE-J525 ndi SAE-J356A ali pafupifupi ofanana, kuthandiza omalizawo kuti alowe m'malo mwa oyamba.
Machubu a Hydraulic akhalapo kwa zaka masauzande ambiri.A Aigupto adasula waya wamkuwa zaka zoposa 4,000 zapitazo.Mipope ya bamboo inagwiritsidwa ntchito ku China pa nthawi ya Xia Dynasty, cha m'ma 2000 BC, ndipo pambuyo pake makina opangira madzi a Roma anamangidwa ndi mipope yotsogolera, zomwe zinachokera ku ndondomeko yosungunulira siliva.
opanda msoko.Mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika adapanga kuwonekera kwawo ku North America ku 1890.Kuyambira 1890 mpaka lero, zopangira izi ndi zolimba zozungulira billet.Innovations pakuponya mosalekeza m'zaka za m'ma 1950 zidapangitsa kusinthika kwa machubu opanda msoko kuchokera ku ingots kupita ku zomwe zinali zotsika mtengo komanso zotsika mtengo, zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zotsika mtengo, zopangidwa ndi hydraulic yaiwisi. Kuzizira kumajambula maenje opanda msoko opangidwa ndi njirayi.Msika waku North America, umatchedwa SAE-J524 ndi Society of Automotive Engineers ndi ASTM-A519 ndi American Society for Testing and Equipment.
Kupanga machubu osasunthika a hydraulic chubing kumakhala kovutirapo, makamaka kwa ma diameter ang'onoang'ono.Kumafunikira mphamvu zambiri ndipo kumafuna malo ambiri.
M'zaka za m'ma 1970, msika unasintha. Pambuyo polamulira msika wachitsulo kwa zaka pafupifupi 100, slippage yosasunthika inagwedezeka ndi chitoliro cha welded, chomwe chinapezeka kuti chinali choyenera kwa ntchito zambiri zamakina muzomangamanga ndi misika yamagalimoto.
Zatsopano ziwiri zathandizira kusintha kumeneku pamsika. Mmodzi wa iwo umakhudza mosalekeza slab kuponyera, zomwe zimathandiza mphero zitsulo kuti efficiently misa-kupanga apamwamba lathyathyathya strip. Njira ina imene imapangitsa mkulu pafupipafupi kukana kuwotcherera njira yotheka kwa mafakitale chitoliro.Zotsatira zake ndi mankhwala atsopano: ntchito yabwino ngati zitsulo chitoliro poyerekeza ndi ofanana msokonezo mankhwala. SAE-J525 kapena ASTM-A513-T5 kumsika wa kumpoto kwa America.Chifukwa chubu imakokedwa ndi kutsekedwa, ndi chinthu chothandizira kwambiri.Njirazi sizili ngati zogwirira ntchito komanso ndalama zambiri monga njira zopanda malire, koma ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa nazo zikadali zapamwamba.
Kuyambira m'ma 1990 mpaka pano, mapaipi ambiri amtundu wama hydraulic omwe amadyedwa pamsika wapanyumba, kaya amakokedwa mopanda msoko (SAE-J524) kapena okokedwa (SAE-J525), amatumizidwa kunja. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa ntchito ndi zitsulo zopangira ndalama pakati pa US ndi mayiko omwe amatumiza kunja. kuti adzikhazikitse okha ngati otsogola pamsika uno.Kukwera mtengo kwazinthu zobwera kunja ndizovuta kwambiri.
msika wamakono.Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala osasunthika, okokedwa ndi annealed J524 kwakhala kukucheperachepera zaka zambiri.Akadalipo ndipo ali ndi malo pamsika wa hydraulic line, koma OEMs nthawi zambiri amasankha J525 ngati mankhwala opangidwa ndi welded, okokedwa ndi annealed J525 amapezeka mosavuta.
Mliriwu udayambanso ndipo msika ukusinthanso. Kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito, zitsulo ndi mayendedwe padziko lonse lapansi kukuchepa kwambiri mofanana ndi momwe kufunikira kwagalimoto komwe kwatchulidwa pamwambapa. Zomwezi ndi zoona pakuperekedwa kwa machubu amadzimadzi a J525 ochokera kunja. chubu?Imodzi ilipo, ngakhale kuti sichigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.Ndi SAE-J356A, yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira za ma hydraulic applications (onani Chithunzi 1).
Zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi SAE zimakhala zazifupi komanso zosavuta, monga momwe ndondomeko iliyonse imafotokozera njira imodzi yokha yopangira chitoliro. Choyipa ndichakuti J525 ndi J356A zimalumikizana kwambiri mumiyeso, zida zamakina, ndi zina zambiri, kotero kuti mafotokozedwe amatha kubzala chisokonezo. amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mizere yayikulu ya hydraulic.
Chithunzi 3. Ngakhale kuti machubu otsekemera ndi ozizira amaonedwa ndi ambiri kuti ndi apamwamba kuposa machubu otsekemera ndi ozizira, makina opangira ma chubu awiri amafanana.Zindikirani: Mtengo wachifumu mu PSI ndi kutembenuka kofewa kwa ndondomekoyi, ndi mtengo wa metric mu MPa.
Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti J525 imapambana kwambiri muzogwiritsira ntchito zamagetsi zamagetsi, monga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zolemera kwambiri.J356A imadziwikanso pang'ono, koma imakhalanso ndi madzi othamanga kwambiri omwe amanyamula specifications.Nthawi zina zomaliza zopangira zofunikira zimakhala zosiyana: J525 alibe mkanda wa ID, pamene J356A imayendetsedwa ndi flash ndipo ili ndi mkanda wochepa wa ID.
Zopangira zopangira zimakhala ndi zinthu zofanana (onani Chithunzi 2) .Kusiyana kwazing'ono pakupanga mankhwala kumagwirizana ndi zomwe zimafunidwa zamakina.Kuti mukwaniritse zinthu zina zamakina, monga kusweka mphamvu mu kupsinjika maganizo kapena mphamvu yomaliza (UTS), mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala kapena kutentha kwa chitsulo kumachepa kuti apange zotsatira zina.
Mitundu ya ma chubu imagawana magawo omwe amafanana ndi machitidwe amakina, kuwapangitsa kuti azisinthana m'mapulogalamu ambiri (onani Chithunzi 3) Mwanjira ina, ngati imodzi sichikupezeka, inayo imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira. makampani ali kale ndi mawilo amphamvu, oyenerera omwe ali nawo.
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