Icyitonderwa cy'umwanditsi: Iyi nkuru ni iya kabiri mu bice bibiri ku isoko no gukora imirongo mito y'amazi yo kohereza amazi mu buryo bw'umuvuduko mwinshi. Igice cya mbere kivuga ku kuboneka kw'ibicuruzwa bisanzwe kuri izi porogaramu mu gihugu, ariko bikaba bidakunze kuboneka. Igice cya kabiri kivuga ku bicuruzwa bibiri bitari bisanzwe muri iri soko.
Ubwoko bubiri bw'imiyoboro ya hydraulic ishongeshejwe yagenwe n'Ishyirahamwe ry'Abahanga mu by'Imodoka - SAE-J525 na SAE-J356A - isangiye isoko, kimwe n'ibisobanuro byayo byanditse. Imirongo y'icyuma igororotse icibwamo ubugari igakorwamo imiyoboro hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuyitunganya. Nyuma yuko impande z'umuyoboro zisenyeshejwe hakoreshejwe igikoresho gikozwe mu macupa, umuyoboro ushyushywa no gusudira ubudahangarwa bwinshi hanyuma ugashyirwa hagati y'imizingo y'umuvuduko kugira ngo ukore isudi. Nyuma yo gusudira, OD burr ikurwaho hakoreshejwe agakoresho ko gufata, ubusanzwe gakozwe muri tungsten carbide. Itara ry'indangamuntu rikurwaho cyangwa rigahindurwa kugeza ku burebure ntarengwa bw'igishushanyo hakoreshejwe igikoresho cyo gufunga.
Ibisobanuro by'iyi nzira yo gusudira ni rusange, kandi hari itandukaniro rito ry'imikorere mu musaruro nyawo (reba Ishusho ya 1). Ariko, basangiye imiterere myinshi ya mekanike.
Kunanirwa kw'imiyoboro n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gucika intege bishobora kugabanywamo imitwaro yo gukurura no gukanda. Mu bikoresho byinshi, imbaraga zo gukanda ziba nke ugereranyije n'imbaraga zo gukanda. Ariko, ibikoresho byinshi birakomeye cyane mu gukanda kurusha mu gukanda. Urugero ni beto. Irakanda cyane, ariko keretse ikozwe mu miyoboro y'imbere y'inkingi zo gushimangira (rebars), biroroshye kuyimena. Kubera iyo mpamvu, icyuma gipimwa kugira ngo hamenyekane imbaraga zacyo zo gukanda (UTS). Ingano zose uko ari eshatu z'imiyoboro ya hydraulic zifite ibisabwa bimwe: 310 MPa (45,000 psi) UTS.
Bitewe n'ubushobozi bw'imiyoboro y'umuvuduko bwo kwihanganira umuvuduko wa hydraulic, hashobora kuba ngombwa isuzuma ryihariye ryo kubara no gutsindwa, rizwi nka burst test. Imibare ishobora gukoreshwa mu kumenya umuvuduko ukabije w'ubushyuhe, hashingiwe ku bunini bw'urukuta, UTS n'umurambararo wo hanze w'ibikoresho. Kubera ko J525 tube na J356A tube bishobora kuba bifite ingano imwe, ihinduka ryonyine ni UTS. Itanga imbaraga zisanzwe zo gukurura za 50.000 psi hamwe n'umuvuduko uteganyijwe wa 0.500 x 0.049 inches. Umuyoboro ni umwe kuri ibyo bicuruzwa byombi: 10.908 psi.
Nubwo ibyahanuwe bibarwa ari bimwe, itandukaniro rimwe mu ikoreshwa ry’ibintu riterwa n’ubugari bw’urukuta nyakuri. Kuri J356A, icyuma cyo mu nzu gishobora guhindurwa ku bunini ntarengwa bitewe n’umurambararo w’umuyoboro nk’uko byasobanuwe mu bisobanuro. Ku bicuruzwa bya J525 byakuweho ubushyuhe, uburyo bwo gukuraho ubushyuhe busanzwe bugabanya umurambararo w’imbere nka santimetero 0.002, bigatuma urukuta rwo mu gace karimo ubushyuhe. Nubwo ubugari bw’urukuta bwuzuyemo ubukonje bukurikiraho, imbaraga zisigaye n’icyerekezo cy’ingano bishobora gutandukana n’icyuma cyo hasi, kandi ubugari bw’urukuta bushobora kuba buto gato ugereranyije n’umuyoboro usa na wo wavuzwe muri J356A.
Bitewe n'uko umuyoboro ukoreshwa ku mpera, umuyoboro w'imbere ugomba gukurwaho cyangwa guhindurwa (cyangwa guhindurwa) kugira ngo hakurweho inzira zishobora kuvamo amazi, cyane cyane impera imwe y'urukuta. Nubwo J525 ikunze kugaragara ko ifite indangamuntu nziza bityo ikaba idasohoka, iki ni igitekerezo kitari cyo. Imiyoboro ya J525 ishobora kugira imirongo y'indangamuntu bitewe n'imikorere mibi y'ubukonje, bigatuma amazi ava aho ahurira.
Tangira gukuraho ubushyuhe uca (cyangwa uhanagura) agasaro ko gusudira ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'umurambararo. Igikoresho cyo gusukura gifatanye n'agasaro gashyigikiwe n'udupira turi imbere mu muyoboro, inyuma gato y'aho gusudira. Mu gihe igikoresho cyo gusudira cyari kiri gukuraho agasaro ko gusudira, udupira twazungurutse ku buryo butamenyekanye ku gice kimwe cy'agasaro ko gusudira, bituma gakubita hejuru y'umuyoboro (reba Ishusho ya 2). Iki ni ikibazo ku miyoboro yoroshye nko mu miyoboro yahinduwe cyangwa yatunganyijwe.
Gukuraho urumuri mu muyoboro ntabwo byoroshye. Gukata bihindura icyuma gityaye umugozi muremure kandi ugoranye w'icyuma gityaye. Nubwo gukuraho ari ngombwa, gukuraho akenshi biba ari igikorwa gikozwe n'intoki kandi kidatunganyije. Ibice by'imiyoboro y'amakaramu rimwe na rimwe biva ku butaka bw'uruganda rukora imiyoboro maze bikoherezwa ku bakiriya.
Umuceri. 1. Ibikoresho bya SAE-J525 bikorerwa ku bwinshi, ibyo bikaba bisaba ishoramari rinini n'umurimo mwinshi. Ibikoresho nk'ibi byakozwe hakoreshejwe SAE-J356A bikorerwa mu buryo bwuzuye mu nganda zikora imiyoboro y'amazi, bityo bikaba bikora neza kurushaho.
Ku miyoboro mito, nk'imirongo y'amazi iri munsi ya mm 20 z'umurambararo, gukuraho indangamuntu ubusanzwe si ingenzi cyane kuko ubu bunini budasaba intambwe y'inyongera yo kurangiza indangamuntu. Ikintu kimwe cyonyine ni uko umukoresha wa nyuma agomba gusuzuma gusa niba uburebure buhamye bwo kugenzura indangamuntu buzatera ikibazo.
Uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura umuriro wa ID butangirana no gutunganya neza strip conditioning, gukata no gusudira. Mu by'ukuri, imiterere y'ibikoresho fatizo bya J356A igomba kuba ikomeye kurusha J525 kuko J356A ifite imbogamizi nyinshi ku bunini bw'ibinyampeke, ishyirwamo rya okiside n'ibindi bipimo byo gukora ibyuma bitewe n'uburyo bukonje bukoreshwa.
Amaherezo, gusudira ID akenshi bisaba icyuma gikonjesha. Sisitemu nyinshi zikoresha icyuma gikonjesha kimwe n'igikoresho cyo kuzunguruka, ariko ibi bishobora guteza ibibazo. Nubwo biyungururwa kandi bigakurwamo amavuta, icyuma gikonjesha akenshi kiba gifite ibice byinshi by'icyuma, amavuta n'amavuta atandukanye, n'ibindi bintu bihumanya. Kubwibyo, umuyoboro wa J525 usaba koza ushyushye cyangwa indi ntambwe yo gusukura ingana nayo.
Imashini zikora ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa Condenser, sisitemu z'imodoka, n'izindi sisitemu zisa nazo zisaba gusukurwa imiyoboro, kandi gusukurwa bikwiye bishobora gukorwa ku nganda. J356A iva mu ruganda ifite umwobo usukuye, ubushuhe bugenzurwa n'ibisigazwa bike. Amaherezo, ni ibisanzwe kuzuza buri muyoboro umwuka udakora kugira ngo hirindwe ingese no gufunga impera mbere yo kohereza.
Imiyoboro ya J525 iratunganywa nyuma yo gusudira hanyuma igakorwa mu buryo bukonje (gukururwa). Nyuma yo gukora mu buryo bukonje, umuyoboro wongera gutunganywa kugira ngo wuzuze ibisabwa byose bya mekanike.
Intambwe zo kuvugurura, gushushanya insinga no kuvugurura izindi bisaba gutwara umuyoboro mu itanura, aho icyuma gishushanya hanyuma kigasubizwa mu itanura. Bitewe n'imiterere y'igikorwa, izi ntambwe zisaba izindi ntambwe zitandukanye nko kwerekana (mbere yo gusiga irangi), gukata no kugorora. Izi ntambwe zirahenze kandi zisaba igihe kinini, abakozi n'amafaranga. Imiyoboro ikonje ifitanye isano n'igipimo cya 20% cy'imyanda mu musaruro.
Umuyoboro wa J356A ushyirwa ku murongo usanzwe ku ruganda ruzunguruka nyuma yo gusudira. Umuyoboro ntukora hasi kandi uva ku ntambwe za mbere zo gushingwa ukagera ku muyoboro urangiye mu buryo bukurikiranye bw'intambwe mu ruganda ruzunguruka. Imiyoboro ivanze nka J356A ifite 10% by'ibura ry'umusaruro. Ibindi bintu byose bingana, bivuze ko amatara ya J356A ahendutse kuyakora ugereranyije n'amatara ya J525.
Nubwo imiterere y'ibi bicuruzwa byombi isa, ntabwo ari imwe ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze mu byuma.
Imiyoboro ya J525 ikonje ikenera uburyo bubiri bwo kuyitunganya mbere na mbere: nyuma yo gusudira na nyuma yo kuyishushanya. Ubushyuhe bwo kuyitunganya (1650°F cyangwa 900°C) butuma habaho ogiside zo hejuru, akenshi zikurwamo aside mineral (ubusanzwe sulfure cyangwa hydrochloric) nyuma yo kuyishyiraho. Guteka bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije mu bijyanye n'imyuka ihumanya ikirere n'imyanda ikungahaye ku byuma.
Byongeye kandi, kuvugurura ubushyuhe mu kirere kigabanya umuriro w’itanura rizunguruka bituma karuboni ikoreshwa ku buso bw’icyuma. Ubu buryo, bwo gukuramo karuboni, busiga urwego rw’ubuso rudakomeye cyane ugereranyije n’ibikoresho by’umwimerere (reba Ishusho ya 3). Ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku miyoboro y’inkuta nto. Ku bunini bw’urukuta rwa 0.030″, ndetse n’urwego ruto rwa 0.003″ rwo gukuramo karuboni ruzagabanya urukuta rukora neza ho 10%. Iyo miyoboro idakomeye ishobora kwangirika bitewe n’umuvuduko cyangwa gutigita.
Ishusho ya 2. Igikoresho cyo gusukura indangamuntu (kitagaragara) gishyigikiwe n'udupira tugenda ku ruhande rw'indangamuntu y'umuyoboro. Imiterere myiza y'udupira igabanya ingano y'imiyoboro yo gusudira ijya mu rukuta rw'umuyoboro. Ibikoresho bya Nielsen
Imiyoboro ya J356 itunganywa mu byiciro kandi ikenera gukururwa mu itanura ry’umuriro, ariko ibi ntibigarukira gusa kuri. Ubwoko bwa J356A, bukorwa mu ruganda rukora ibikoresho byo gukurura hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushyushya bwihuta cyane kurusha icyuma cyo gukurura umuriro. Ibi bigabanya igihe cyo gukurura umuriro, bityo bigatuma amahirwe yo gukuramo umwuka ava ku minota (cyangwa amasaha) akagera ku masegonda. Ibi biha J356A uburyo bwo gukurura umwuka bungana nta okiside cyangwa gukurura umwuka.
Imiyoboro ikoreshwa ku miyoboro ya hydraulic igomba kuba yoroshye ku buryo ishobora kunama, kwaguka no gukorwa. Imigozi irakenewe kugira ngo amazi ya hydraulic ava ku ngingo ya A ajya ku ngingo ya B, anyure mu migozi itandukanye n'izunguruka mu nzira, kandi gushyushya ni ingenzi mu gutanga uburyo bwo guhuza impera.
Mu gihe cy’inkoko cyangwa igi, imiyoboro y’umwotsi yari igenewe guhuza umuriro w’urukuta rumwe (bityo ikaba ifite umurambararo woroshye imbere), cyangwa inyuma ishobora kuba yarabayeho. Muri iki gihe, ubuso bw’imbere bw’umuyoboro buhura neza n’aho uhurira n’icyuma. Kugira ngo icyuma gifatanye n’icyuma, ubuso bw’umuyoboro bugomba kuba bworoshye uko bishoboka kose. Iki gikoresho cyagaragaye mu myaka ya 1920 ku ishami rishinzwe indege za gisirikare za Amerika. Iki gikoresho cyaje kuba ikimenyetso gisanzwe cya dogere 37 gikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe.
Kuva igihe cya COVID-19 cyatangira, imiyoboro ikururwa ifite umurambararo woroshye w'imbere yaragabanutse cyane. Ibikoresho biboneka bikunze kugira igihe kirekire cyo kubitanga kurusha uko byari bimeze mbere. Iri hinduka mu miyoboro y'ibikoresho rishobora gukemurwa no kuvugurura imiyoboro y'inyuma. Urugero, RFQ isaba icyuma kimwe gitwika inkuta kandi ikavuga ko J525 ari yo ishobora gusimbuza icyuma gitwika inkuta ebyiri. Ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'umuyoboro wa hydraulic bushobora gukoreshwa hamwe n'iyi miyoboro y'inyuma. Ibi bitanga amahirwe yo gukoresha J356A.
Uretse guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ya o-ring nayo irakunze kugaragara (reba ishusho ya 5), ​​cyane cyane kuri sisitemu y'umuvuduko ukabije. Ubu bwoko bw'imiyoboro ntibutuma amazi asohoka cyane nk'umuyoboro w'urukuta rumwe gusa kuko bukoresha imiyoboro ya elastomeric, ahubwo bunakoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye—bushobora gukorwa ku mpera y'ubwoko bwose bw'imiyoboro ya hydraulic. Ibi biha abakora imiyoboro amahirwe menshi yo gutanga ibicuruzwa no kunoza ubukungu mu gihe kirekire.
Amateka y’inganda yuzuyemo ingero z’ibicuruzwa gakondo bishinga imizi mu gihe bigoranye ko isoko rihindura icyerekezo. Igicuruzwa gihanganye - ndetse n’ikihendutse cyane kandi cyujuje ibisabwa byose by’igicuruzwa cy’umwimerere - gishobora kugorana kugera ku isoko mu gihe habayeho gukeka. Ibi bikunze kubaho iyo umucuruzi cyangwa injeniyeri washyizweho arimo gutekereza ku kintu kidasanzwe gisimbura ikindi gicuruzwa gisanzwe. Ni bake baba biteguye kwishyira mu kaga ko kuvumburwa.
Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, impinduka zishobora kuba atari ngombwa gusa, ahubwo zikaba ari ngombwa. Icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyateje impinduka zitunguranye mu kuboneka kw'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'imiyoboro n'ingano byayo mu miyoboro y'icyuma. Ibicuruzwa byagizweho ingaruka ni ibikoreshwa mu nganda z'imodoka, iz'amashanyarazi, iz'ibikoresho biremereye n'izindi nganda zikora imiyoboro zikoresha imiyoboro ifite umuvuduko mwinshi, cyane cyane imiyoboro ya hydraulic.
Iki cyuho gishobora kuziba ku giciro gito muri rusange urebye ubwoko bw'umuyoboro w'icyuma busanzwe ariko bufite aho buhuriye. Guhitamo ibicuruzwa bikwiye gukoreshwa bisaba ubushakashatsi kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo amazi ahuye, umuvuduko w'imikorere, uburemere bw'imashini, n'ubwoko bw'umuyoboro.
Iyo urebye neza ibipimo bigaragaza ko J356A ishobora kungana na J525 nyayo. Nubwo icyorezo cyagaragaye, iracyaboneka ku giciro gito binyuze mu ruhererekane rw’ibikoresho byagaragaye. Niba gukemura ibibazo bya nyuma bidasaba abakozi benshi nko gushaka J525, bishobora gufasha ibigo bitanga serivisi zo gutwara abantu n’ibintu gukemura ibibazo by’ibikoresho mu gihe cya COVID-19 no mu gihe kizaza.
Tube & Umuyoboro Ikinyamakuru 于 1990 年成为第一本致力于为金属管材行业服务的杂志。 Ikinyamakuru cya Tube & Pipe cyanditswe mu 1990 Tube & Umuyoboro Ikinyamakuru стал пер журналом, посвященным манстрии металлических труб в 1990 году. Ikinyamakuru Tube & Pipe Journal cyabaye ikinyamakuru cya mbere cyihariye inganda z'imiyoboro y'ibyuma mu 1990.Muri iki gihe, iracyari cyo cyonyine cyasohotse mu nganda muri Amerika ya Ruguru kandi yabaye isoko ryizewe cyane ry'amakuru ku bakora mu nganda z'imiyoboro.
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