Umsebenzi wokugoba i-mandrel uqala umjikelezo wayo.I-mandrel ishuthekwa kububanzi obungaphakathi beshubhu.I-goving die (kwesokunxele) inquma i-radius.I-clamping die (kwesokudla) iqondisa ishubhu elizungeze ukufa kokugoba ukuze kunqunywe i-engeli.
Kuzo zonke izimboni, isidingo sokugoba amashubhu ayinkimbinkimbi siyaqhubeka ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izingxenye zesakhiwo, amathuluzi ezokwelapha ahambayo, amafreyimu ama-ATV noma izimoto zezinsiza, noma ngisho nezinsimbi zokuphepha zensimbi ezindlini zangasese, yonke iphrojekthi ihlukile.
Ukuthola imiphumela oyifunayo kudinga okokusebenza okuhle futhi ikakhulukazi ubuchwepheshe obufanele.Njenganoma isiphi esinye isiyalo sokukhiqiza, ukugoba kweshubhu okuphumelelayo kuqala ngobungqabavu obuyinhloko, imiqondo eyisisekelo esekela noma iyiphi iphrojekthi.
Amandla athile abalulekile asiza ekunqumeni ububanzi bephrojekthi yokugoba ipayipi noma ipayipi.Izici ezifana nohlobo lwempahla, ukusetshenziswa kokuphela, kanye nokulinganiselwa kokusetshenziswa konyaka kuthinta ngokuqondile inqubo yokukhiqiza, izindleko ezihilelekile, nezikhathi zokuhola zokulethwa.
Umnyombo wokuqala obalulekile yizinga lokugoba (DOB), noma i-engeli eyakhiwe ukugoba. Okulandelayo yi-Centreline Radius (CLR), enwebeka ngomugqa omaphakathi wepayipi noma ishubhu okufanele igotshwe. Ngokuvamile, i-CLR efinyeleleka kakhulu iwububanzi obuphindwe kabili bepayipi noma ishubhu. Phinda kabili i-CLR ukuze ubale ipayipi eliphakathi nendawo eliyipayipi eliphakathi nelinye ibanga ukusuka kwelinye ibanga ukusuka e-CLR (CLR). i-centralline ye-180-degree yokubuyela emuva.
I-diameter yangaphakathi (ID) ikalwa endaweni ebanzi kakhulu yokuvuleka ngaphakathi kwepayipi noma ishubhu. Ububanzi bangaphandle (OD) bulinganiswa endaweni ebanzi kakhulu yepayipi noma ishubhu, okuhlanganisa nodonga. Ekugcineni, ukujiya kodonga okulinganiselwe kukalwa phakathi kwezindawo zangaphandle nezingaphakathi zepayipi noma ishubhu.
Ukubekezelela okujwayelekile kwemboni ye-engeli yokugoba yi-±1 degree. Yonke inkampani inendinganiso yangaphakathi okungenzeka isekelwe kumathuluzi asetshenzisiwe kanye nolwazi nolwazi lomsebenzisi womshini.
Amashubhu akalwa futhi acashuniwe ngokobubanzi bawo bangaphandle kanye negeji (okungukuthi ukujiya kodonga).Amageji avamile ahlanganisa u-10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, kanye no-20.Igeji ephansi, udonga lushubile: 10-ga.Ishubhu lino-0.134 inch.20-all . inch.wall.1½” kanye neshubhu ye-OD engu-0.035″. Udonga lubizwa ngokuthi “1½-in” engxenyeni ethi print.20-ga.tube.”
Ipayipi licaciswa usayizi wepayipi lokuzisholo (NPS), inombolo engenasici echaza ububanzi (ngamayintshi), kanye nethebula lokujiya kodonga (noma i-Sch.).Amapayipi aba nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene bodonga, kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwawo.Amashejuli adumile ahlanganisa i-Sch.5, 10, 40 kanye no-80.
I-pipe.OD engu-1.66″ kanye namayintshi angu-0.140. I-NPS imakwe odongeni engxenyeni yomdwebo, ilandelwa ishejuli - kulesi simo, amashubhu “1¼”.Shi.40.”Ishadi lohlelo lwamapayipi licacisa ububanzi obungaphandle nobukhulu bodonga lwe-NPS nohlelo oluhlobene.
Isici sodonga, okuyisilinganiso esiphakathi kobubanzi obungaphandle nobukhulu bodonga, singesinye isici esibalulekile sezindololwane.Ukusebenzisa izinto ezinodonga oluncane (okulingana noma ngaphansi kuka-18 ga.) kungase kudinge ukwesekwa okwengeziwe ku-arc yokugoba ukuvimbela ukushwabana noma ukuwohloka.Kulokhu, ukugoba kwekhwalithi kuzodinga ama-mandrels namanye amathuluzi.
Esinye isici esibalulekile i-bend D, ububanzi beshubhu ngokuphathelene ne-bend radius, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-bend radius izikhathi eziningi ezinkulu kunevelu ye-D. Isibonelo, i-2D bend radius iyipayipi elingu-3-in.-OD inyintshi engu-6. Uma iphezulu i-D yokugoba, kulula ukwenza ukugoba. Futhi lapho iphansi le-bend ye-coefficient phakathi kwe-coefficient ye-Bend. U-D usiza ekunqumeni ukuthi yini edingekayo ukuze kuqalwe iphrojekthi yokugoba ipayipi.
Umfanekiso 1. Ukuze ubale iphesenti le-ovality, hlukanisa umehluko phakathi kobukhulu nobuncane be-OD nge-OD yegama.
Okunye ukucaciswa kwephrojekthi kubiza amashubhu amancane noma amapayipi ukuze kulawuleke izindleko zempahla.Nokho, izindonga ezincanyana zingadinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokukhiqiza ukuze kugcinwe ukuma nokuvumelana kweshubhu ekujikeni futhi kuqede ithuba lokushwabana.Kwezinye izimo, lezi zindleko zomsebenzi ezandayo zidlula ukonga kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Uma ishubhu ligoba, lingalahlekelwa u-100% wesimo salo esiyindilinga eduze naseduze nendawo yokugoba.Lokhu kuchezuka kubizwa ngokuthi i-ovality futhi kuchazwa njengomehluko phakathi kobukhulu obukhulu nobuncane bobukhulu bobubanzi bangaphandle beshubhu.
Isibonelo, ishubhu engu-2″ OD ingakala kufikela ku-1.975″ ngemva kokugoba. Lo mehluko oyiyintshi engu-0.025 uyisici se-ovality, okufanele sibe phakathi kokubekezelelana okwamukelekayo (bona Umfanekiso 1). Kuye ngokusetshenziswa kokugcina kwengxenye, ukubekezelelana kwe-ovality kungaba phakathi kuka-1.5% no-8%.
Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta i-ovality yi-elbow D nokuqina kodonga.Ukugoba i-radii encane ezintweni ezinodonga oluncane kungaba nzima ukugcina i-ovality ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana, kodwa kungenziwa.
I-ovality ilawulwa ngokubeka i-mandrel ngaphakathi kweshubhu noma ipayipi ngesikhathi sokugoba, noma kwezinye izingxenye ze-specs, kusetshenziswa (DOM) ishubhu edwetshwe ku-mandrel kusukela ekuqaleni.(Ishubhu ye-DOM inobunikazi obuqinile kanye nokubekezelelana kwe-OD.) Lapho kuphansi ukubekezelela i-ovality, kudingeka isikhathi esiningi sokukhiqiza kanye namandla okukhiqiza.
Imisebenzi yokugoba ishubhu isebenzisa okokusebenza okukhethekile kokuhlola ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izingxenye ezakhiwe ziyahlangabezana nokucaciswa nokubekezelelana (bheka Umfanekiso 2).Noma yikuphi ukulungiswa okudingekile kungadluliselwa emshinini we-CNC njengoba kudingeka.
I-roll.Ilungele ukukhiqiza ukugoba okukhulu kwe-radius, ukugoba kwe-roll kuhilela ukuphakela ipayipi noma ukubhobhoza ngama-roller amathathu ngokucushwa kukanxantathu (bheka Umfanekiso 3).Ama-roller amabili angaphandle, ngokuvamile ahleliwe, asekela phansi kwempahla, kuyilapho i-roller eguquguqukayo yangaphakathi icindezela phezulu kwento.
Ukugoba kokucindezelwa.Kule ndlela elula, into egobayo ihlala imile kuyilapho i-counter-die igoba noma icindezela izinto eziseduze nendawo.Le ndlela ayisebenzisi i-mandrel futhi idinga ukufana okuqondile phakathi kokugoba kanye ne-radius yokugoba oyifunayo (bheka Umfanekiso 4).
Ukusonta nokugoba.Olunye lwezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokugoba ishubhu ukugoba okujikelezayo ukugoba (okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi i-mandrel bending), esebenzisa ukugoba nokucindezela kufa kanye nama-mandrels.Ama-mandrels afaka induku yensimbi noma ama-cores asekela ipayipi noma ishubhu lapho igobile.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-mandrel kuvimbela ishubhu ekubhidlikeni, ukugoqa lapho kugotshwa, ukugoqa lapho kugotshwa, noma ukuvikela lapho ukugoqa noma ukushwabana. Umfanekiso 5).
Lesi simiso sihlanganisa ukugoba okunama-multi-radius ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga i-centerline radii emibili noma ngaphezulu.Ukugoba kwama-multi-radius nakho kuhle ezingxenyeni ezine-centerline radii (ukusebenza kanzima kungase kungabi inketho) noma izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga ukwakhiwa emjikelezweni owodwa ogcwele.
Umfanekiso 2. Amathuluzi akhethekile ahlinzeka ngokuxilongwa kwesikhathi sangempela ukusiza opharetha baqinisekise ukucaciswa kwengxenye noma ukubhekana nanoma yiziphi izilungiso ezidingekayo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
Ukuze wenze lolu hlobo lokugoba, i-rotary draw bender inikezwa ngamasethi amathuluzi amabili noma ngaphezulu, eyodwa kurediyasi ngayinye oyifunayo.Ukusetha ngokwezifiso kumabhuleki okucindezela amakhanda amabili - okukodwa kokugobela kwesokudla nenye ukugobela kwesokunxele - kunganikeza kokubili i-radio encane nenkulu engxenyeni efanayo.Ushintsho phakathi kwezindololwane zesokunxele nakwesokudla zingaphindwa ngokuvumela ukwakheka kwanoma iyiphi enye i-voltage ngokuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokususwa kwe-voltage noma isiphi esinye isimo esidingekayo, imishini (bheka Umfanekiso 6).
Ukuze uqalise, uchwepheshe usetha umshini ngokuvumelana neshubhu lejiyomethri esohlwini lweshidi ledatha lokugoba noma ukuphrinta kokukhiqiza, ukufaka noma ukulayisha izixhumanisi kusuka ekuphrintiwe kanye nobude, ukuzungezisa kanye nedatha ye-engeli.Okulandelayo kuza isifaniso sokugoba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ishubhu lizokwazi ukusula umshini namathuluzi ngesikhathi somjikelezo wokugoba.Uma ukulingisa kukhombisa ukungqubuzana okudingekile njengoba umshini ulungisa noma ukuphazamiseka.
Nakuba le ndlela ngokuvamile idingeka ezingxenyeni ezenziwe ngensimbi noma insimbi engagqwali, izinsimbi eziningi zezimboni, ubukhulu bodonga nobude kungamukeleka.
Ukugoba kwamahhala.Indlela ethakazelisa kakhulu, ukugoba kwamahhala kusebenzisa idayizi enosayizi ofanayo nepayipi noma ishubhu eligotshwayo (bheka Umfanekiso 7).Le nqubo inhle kakhulu ekugobeni kwe-angular noma ama-multi-radius angaphezu kwama-degree angu-180 anezingxenye ezimbalwa eziqondile phakathi kokugoba ngakunye (ukugoba okujikelezayo okujwayelekile kudinga izingxenye ezithile eziqondile ukuze ithuluzi libambe).
Amashubhu anezindonga ezincane—ngokuvamile asetshenziswa emishinini yokudla neziphuzo, ezingxenyeni zefenisha, nasezinsizeni zezokwelapha noma zezempilo—alungele ukugoba mahhala. Ngokuphambene, izingxenye ezinezindonga eziwugqinsi zingase zingabi amakhandidethi asebenzayo.
Amathuluzi ayadingeka kumaphrojekthi amaningi okugoba amapayipi.Ekugobeni okujikelezayo okujikelezayo, amathuluzi amathathu abaluleke kakhulu ukugoba i-dies, i-pressure dies and clamping dies. Kuye ngokuthi i-bend radius nokuqina kodonga, ukufa kwe-mandrel ne-wiper kungase kudingeke ukuze kuzuzwe ukugoba okwamukelekayo. goba.
Inhliziyo yenqubo igoba idayisi ukuze yakhe irediyasi yomugqa omaphakathi wengxenye.Ifa lokufa kweshaneli eligobile lilingana nobubanzi obungaphandle beshubhu futhi lisiza ukubamba okokusebenza njengoba ligoba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-pressure die ibamba futhi isimamise ishubhu njengoba ilimele endaweni egobayo. ekupheleni bend die, sebenzisa udokotela die lapho kudingekile ukuba bushelelezi ebusweni impahla, ukusekela izindonga tube, futhi uvimbele imibimbi kanye banding.
Ama-mandrels, i-bronze alloy noma insimbi e-chromed efaka ukusekela amapayipi noma amashubhu, ukuvimbela ukuwa kweshubhu noma i-kink, kanye nokunciphisa ukuqanda. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu i-mandrel yebhola. Ilungele ukugoba okunama-multi-radius kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezinobukhulu obujwayelekile bodonga, i-mandrel yebhola isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nesisula, isihluthulelo nokucindezela ndawonye akhuphula ingcindezi edingekayo ukuze abambe, aqinise futhi ashelele ukugoba.Ipulaki mandrel iyinduku eqinile yezindololwane ezinkulu engaba ngamapayipi anezindonga eziwugqinsi angadingi ama-wiper.Ama-mandrel akhekayo ayizinduku eziqinile ezineziphetho ezigobile (noma ezakhiwe) ezisetshenziselwa ukusekela ingaphakathi lamashubhu anodonga aminyene noma amashubhu agobekile endaweni eyisilinganiso esilinganiselwe, amashubhu aphindwe ngokuphindwe kabili adinga amashubhu akhethekile. mandrels.
Ukugoba okunembile kudinga amathuluzi afanele kanye nokusetha.Izinkampani eziningi zokugoba amapayipi zinamathuluzi esitokweni.Uma ingekho, izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zitholwe ukuze kuhambisane nendawo ethile yokugoba.
Inkokhiso yokuqala yokudala ifa eligobayo ingahluka kakhulu.Le nkokhelo yesikhathi esisodwa ihlanganisa izinto kanye nesikhathi sokukhiqiza esidingekayo ukuze kudalwe amathuluzi adingekayo, asetshenziswa ngokuvamile kumaphrojekthi alandelayo.Uma umklamo wengxenye uvumelana nezimo ngokuya ngerediyasi egobileyo, abathuthukisi bomkhiqizo bangakwazi ukulungisa ukucaciswa kwabo ukuze basebenzise ithuluzi lokugoba elikhona lomnikezeli (kunokuba kusetshenziswe izikhathi ezimfishane zokuphatha. Lokhu kusiza ukuphatha izindleko ezintsha).
Umfanekiso 3. Ilungele ukukhiqizwa kokugoba okukhulu kwerediyasi, ukugoba kwe-roll ukuze kwakhiwe ishubhu noma ishubhu elinama-roller amathathu ekucushweni kukanxantathu.
Izimbobo ezishiwo, izikhala, noma ezinye izici ekujikeni noma eduze kwazo zengeza umsebenzi osizayo emsebenzini, njengoba ukusika nge-laser kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokuba ishubhu ligobile.Ukubekezelela nakho kuthinta izindleko.Imisebenzi edinga kakhulu ingase idinge ama-mandrel engeziwe noma ife, okungase kwandise isikhathi sokusetha.
Kunezinto eziningi eziguquguqukayo abakhiqizi okudingeka bazicabangele lapho bethola izindololwane zangokwezifiso noma ukugoba.Izici ezifana namathuluzi, izinto zokwakha, ubuningi, kanye nomsebenzi konke kunendima.
Nakuba amasu nezindlela zokugoba amapayipi sezithuthukile eminyakeni edlule, izinto eziyisisekelo zokugoba amapayipi zisafana.Ukuqonda izinto eziyisisekelo kanye nokubonisana nomphakeli onolwazi kuzokusiza uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.
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