Ka tīmata te huringa o te mahi piko o te mandrel. Ka whakaurua te mandrel ki roto i te diameter o roto o te ngongo. Ko te mate piko (maui) e whakatau ana i te radius. Ko te mate kume (matau) e ārahi ana i te ngongo huri noa i te mate piko hei whakatau i te koki.
Ahakoa ngā ahumahi katoa, kei te haere tonu te hiahia mō te piko o ngā ngongo uaua. Ahakoa he wāhanga hanganga, he taputapu hauora pūkoro, he anga mō ngā ATV, mō ngā waka whaipainga rānei, tae noa ki ngā pae haumaru whakarewa i roto i ngā wharepaku, he rerekē ia kaupapa.
Ko te whakatutuki i ngā hua e hiahiatia ana me whai taputapu pai, me te tohungatanga tika hoki. Pērā i tētahi atu momo mahi hanga, ka tīmata te piko pai o te ngongo me te hihiri matua, arā, ngā ariā matua e ahu mai ana i tētahi kaupapa.
Mā te kaha o te mahi ka taea te whakatau i te whānuitanga o tētahi kaupapa piko paipa, paipa rānei. Ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te momo rauemi, te whakamahinga whakamutunga, me te whakamahinga ā-tau e whakatau tata ana ka pā tika ki te tukanga hanga, ngā utu e pā ana, me ngā wā tuku.
Ko te matua matua tuatahi ko te nekehanga piko (DOB), arā, ko te koki i hangaia e te piko. Ko te Radius Raina Waenga (CLR) te mea e whai ake nei, e toro atu ana i te raina waenganui o te paipa, o te ngongo rānei hei piko. Ko te CLR tino piri rawa atu ka taea ko te rua te diameter o te paipa, o te ngongo rānei. Ruarua te CLR hei tatau i te Diameter Raina Waenga (CLD), arā, te tawhiti mai i te tuaka raina waenganui o te paipa, o te paipa rānei mā roto i tētahi atu raina waenganui o te piko whakahoki 180-tohu.
Ka inehia te whānui o roto (ID) i te pūwāhi whānui rawa o te whakatuwheratanga o roto o te paipa, te ngongo rānei. Ka inehia te whānui o waho (OD) ki runga i te wāhi whānui rawa o te paipa, o te ngongo rānei, tae atu ki te pakitara. Hei whakamutunga, ka inehia te matotoru o te pakitara i waenga i te mata o waho me te mata o roto o te paipa, o te ngongo rānei.
Ko te paerewa ā-umanga mō te koki piko he ±1 nekehanga. He paerewa ā-roto tō ia kamupene, e ahu mai ana i ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana me te wheako me te mōhiotanga o te kaiwhakahaere mīhini.
Ka inehia ngā ngongo, ka whakahuatia hoki i runga i te whānui o waho me te ine (arā, te matotoru o te pakitara). Ko ngā ine noa ko te 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, me te 20. Ko te iti o te ine, ko te matotoru o te pakitara: 10-ga. He pakitara 0.134 inihi te roa o te ngongo, me te 20-ga. He pakitara 0.035 inihi te roa o te ngongo, 1½” me te 0.035″ te whānui. Ko te ingoa o te pakitara he "1½-inihi" i runga i te wāhanga tānga ngongo 20-ga.
Ka tohua te paipa mā te rahi paipa ingoa (NPS), he tau kore-ahu e whakaatu ana i te whānui (i roto i te inihi), me te ripanga matotoru pakitara (Sch. rānei). He maha ngā matotoru pakitara o ngā paipa, i runga i tō rātou whakamahinga. Ko ngā rārangi rongonui ko Sch.5, 10, 40 me te 80.
I tohua te pakitara e te paipa OD 1.66 inihi me te NPS 0.140 inihi i runga i te tuhi wāhanga, ā, i muri mai ko te rārangi mahi – i tēnei wā, "1¼". Ngā ngongo 40." E tohu ana te tūtohi mahere paipa i te whānui o waho me te matotoru o te pakitara o te NPS me te mahere e pā ana.
Ko te tauwehenga pakitara, arā, te ōwehenga i waenga i te diameter o waho me te matotoru o te pakitara, he mea nui anō hoki mō ngā tuke. Mēnā he rite, he iti iho rānei i te 18 karamu te rahi, me nui ake pea te tautoko i te piko o te pewa hei ārai i te miro, i te hinga rānei. I tēnei wā, me whakamahi ngā mandrel me ētahi atu taputapu hei piko pai.
Ko tētahi atu huānga nui ko te piko D, te whānui o te ngongo e pā ana ki te radius piko, e kiia ana ko te radius piko he nui ake i te uara o te D. Hei tauira, ko te radius piko 2D he 3-inihi. Ko te paipa OD he 6 inihi. Ko te teitei ake o te D o te piko, ko te māmā ake te hanga i te piko. Ā, ko te iti iho o te tauwehenga pakitara, ko te māmā ake te piko. Mā tēnei hononga i waenga i te Tauwehe Pakitara me te Piko D ka āwhina ki te whakatau i ngā mea e hiahiatia ana hei tīmata i tētahi kaupapa piko paipa.
Pikitia 1. Hei tatau i te ōrau o te āhua porowhita, wehea te rerekētanga i waenga i te OD mōrahi me te OD iti ki te OD ingoa.
Ko ētahi o ngā whakaritenga kaupapa e kī ana me whakamahi ngā ngongo angiangi, ngā paipa rānei hei whakahaere i ngā utu rauemi. Heoi, ko ngā pakitara angiangi ake ka hiahia pea ki te wā whakaputa roa ake hei pupuri i te āhua me te ōritetanga o te ngongo i ngā piko me te whakakore i te tūponotanga o te miro. I ētahi wā, ko ēnei utu mahi kua piki ake he nui ake i ngā penapena rauemi.
Ina piko te ngongo, ka ngaro te 100% o tōna āhua porowhita i te taha me te taha o te piko. Ka kiia tēnei rerekētanga he ovality, ā, e tautuhia ana ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te rahi nui rawa me te rahi iti rawa o te diameter o waho o te ngongo.
Hei tauira, ka taea e te ngongo OD 2 inihi te ine ki te 1.975 inihi i muri i te piko. Ko tēnei rerekētanga 0.025 inihi te tauwehenga ovality, me noho i roto i ngā manawanui e whakaaetia ana (tirohia te Pikitia 1). I runga i te whakamahinga whakamutunga o te wāhanga, ko te manawanui mō te ovality ka taea i waenga i te 1.5% me te 8%.
Ko ngā mea matua e pā ana ki te āhua porowhita ko te tuke D me te matotoru o te pakitara. He uaua pea te whakapiko i ngā radius iti i roto i ngā rauemi angiangi ki te pupuri i te āhua porowhita i roto i te manawanui, engari ka taea.
Ka whakahaerea te āhua porowhita mā te whakanoho i te mandrel ki roto i te ngongo, i te paipa rānei i te wā e piko ana, i ētahi wāhanga rānei o te hanganga, mā te whakamahi i te ngongo (DOM) kua tuhia ki runga i te mandrel mai i te tīmatanga. (He tino kikī ngā āheinga ID me OD o ngā ngongo DOM.) Ko te iti o te āheinga porowhita, ko te nui ake o te wā mahi taputapu me te wā whakaputa pea e hiahiatia ana.
Ka whakamahia e ngā mahi piko ngongo ngā taputapu tirotiro motuhake hei manatoko kei te tutuki ngā wāhanga kua hangaia i ngā whakaritenga me ngā manawanui (tirohia te Pikitia 2). Ka taea te whakawhiti i ngā whakarerekētanga e tika ana ki te mīhini CNC ina hiahiatia.
hurihuri. He mea tino pai mō te whakaputa piko whānui, ko te piko hurihuri ko te whāngai i te paipa, i te ngongo rānei mā roto i ngā roera e toru i roto i te whirihoranga tapatoru (tirohia te Pikitia 3). Ko ngā roera o waho e rua, he mea pumau i te nuinga o te wā, e tautoko ana i te raro o te rauemi, ko te roera whakarerekē o roto ka pēhi i te tihi o te rauemi.
Piko pēhi. I roto i tēnei tikanga māmā noa, ka noho pūmau te mate piko i te wā e piko ana, e pēhi ana rānei te mate-whakamuri i te rauemi huri noa i te taputapu. Kāore tēnei tikanga e whakamahi i te mandrel, ā, me taurite tika te mate piko me te radius piko e hiahiatia ana (tirohia te Pikitia 4).
Te takahuri me te piko. Ko tētahi o ngā momo piko ngongo e tino kitea ana ko te piko totoro hurihuri (e mōhiotia ana ko te piko mandrel), e whakamahi ana i te piko me te pēhanga o ngā mate me ngā mandrel. Ko ngā mandrel he whakaurunga tokotoko whakarewa, he matua rānei e tautoko ana i te paipa, i te ngongo rānei ina piko. Mā te whakamahinga o te mandrel ka ārai i te ngongo kei hinga, kei papatahi, kei mimino rānei i te wā e piko ana, ā, mā reira ka mau tonu, ka tiaki hoki i te āhua o te ngongo (tirohia te Pikitia 5).
Kei roto i tēnei kaupapa te piko maha-rōrahi mō ngā wāhanga uaua e hiahia ana kia rua, neke atu rānei ngā rōrahi o te rārangi pokapū. He pai hoki te piko maha-rōrahi mō ngā wāhanga he nui ngā rōrahi o te rārangi pokapū (kāore pea he kōwhiringa te whakamahi i ngā taputapu mārō) me ngā wāhanga uaua rānei e hiahia ana kia hangaia i roto i te huringa katoa kotahi.
Pikitia 2. Mā ngā taputapu motuhake ka taea te tātaritanga wā-tūturu hei āwhina i ngā kaiwhakahaere ki te whakaū i ngā whakatakotoranga wāhanga, ki te whakatika rānei i ngā whakatikatika e tika ana i te wā whakaputa.
Hei mahi i tēnei momo piko, ka whakaratohia he piko hurihuri me ngā huinga taputapu e rua, neke atu rānei, kotahi mō ia pūtoro e hiahiatia ana. Mā ngā whakatakotoranga ritenga i runga i te pēhi pane rua – tētahi mō te piko ki te taha matau, tētahi mō te piko ki te taha maui – ka taea te whakarato i ngā pūtoro iti me ngā pūtoro nui ki te wāhanga kotahi. Ka taea te whakahoki i te whakawhiti i waenga i ngā tuke maui me ngā tuke matau kia maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana, kia taea ai te hanga katoa i ngā āhua uaua me te kore e tango i te ngongo, e whakamahi rānei i tētahi atu mīhini (tirohia te Pikitia 6).
Hei tīmatanga, ka whakatū te tohunga hangarau i te mīhini kia rite ki te āhua o te ngongo kua whakarārangihia i roto i te pepa raraunga piko, i te tānga whakaputa rānei, ka whakauru, ka tukuatu rānei i ngā taunga mai i te tānga me ngā raraunga roa, hurihanga me te koki. Whai muri ko te whakatauira piko hei whakarite ka taea e te ngongo te whakakore i te mīhini me ngā taputapu i te wā o te huringa piko. Mēnā ka whakaatuhia he tukinga, he pokanoa rānei i roto i te whakatauira, ka whakatikatika te kaiwhakahaere i te mīhini kia rite ki te hiahia.
Ahakoa e hiahiatia ana tēnei tikanga mō ngā wāhanga i hangaia ki te rino, ki te kowiri tira rānei, ka taea te whakauru i te nuinga o ngā konganuku ahumahi, te matotoru me te roa o te pakitara.
Piko noa. He tikanga whakamere ake, ko te piko noa ka whakamahi i tētahi mata he rite te rahi ki te paipa, ki te ngongo rānei e pikohia ana (tirohia te Pikitia 7). He pai tēnei tikanga mō ngā piko koki, maha-whāiti rānei neke atu i te 180 nekehanga me ētahi wāhanga tika i waenga i ia piko (ko ngā piko totoro hurihuri tuku iho me whai wāhanga tika kia mau ai te taputapu). Kāore e hiahiatia he whakapiri mō te piko noa, nō reira ka kore e taea te tohu i ngā ngongo, i ngā paipa rānei.
He pai rawa ngā ngongo angiangi—e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mīhini kai me te inu, i ngā wāhanga tāonga whare, me ngā taputapu hauora—mō te piko noa. I tua atu, kāore pea ngā wāhanga matotoru ake e pai mō te piko.
E hiahiatia ana ngā taputapu mō te nuinga o ngā kaupapa piko paipa. I roto i te piko totoro hurihuri, ko ngā taputapu tino nui e toru ko ngā mate piko, ngā mate pēhanga me ngā mate whakapiri. I runga i te radius piko me te matotoru o te pakitara, ka hiahiatia pea he mate mandrel me te mate horoi hei whakatutuki i ngā piko e whakaaetia ana. Ko ngā wāhanga he maha ngā piko me whai kōhao e mau ana, e kati mārire ana ki waho o te ngongo, ka huri i te wā e hiahiatia ana, ka neke i te ngongo ki te piko e whai ake nei.
Ko te ngako o te tukanga ko te piko i te mate hei hanga i te radius pokapū o te wāhanga. Ka uru te mate awa kōpiko o te mate ki te diameter o waho o te ngongo, ā, ka āwhina ki te pupuri i te rauemi i a ia e piko ana. I taua wā anō, ka pupuri te mate pēhanga, ka whakau hoki i te ngongo i a ia e takai ana i te mate piko. Ka mahi tahi te mate whakapiri me te mate pēhi hei pupuri i te ngongo ki te wāhanga tika o te mate piko i a ia e neke ana. Tata ki te pito o te mate piko, whakamahia he mate tākuta ina hiahiatia hei whakangawari i te mata o te rauemi, hei tautoko i ngā pakitara o te ngongo, hei ārai hoki i te miro me te here.
He mandrel, he koranu parahi, he whakauru maitai chromed rānei hei tautoko i ngā paipa, i ngā ngongo rānei, hei ārai i te hinganga o te ngongo, te piko rānei, me te whakaiti i te āhua porowhita. Ko te momo tino noa ko te mandrel pōro. He pai mō ngā piko maha-radius me ngā wahi mahi me ngā matotoru pakitara paerewa, ka whakamahia te mandrel pōro me te wiper, te taputapu me te mate pēhanga; ka whakanuia ngātahitia e rātou te pēhanga e hiahiatia ana hei pupuri, hei whakau, hei whakangawari hoki i te piko. He tokotoko totoka te mandrel mono mō ngā tuke radius nui i roto i ngā paipa pakitara matotoru kāore e hiahiatia he wiper. Ko ngā mandrel hanga he tokotoko totoka me ngā pito piko (kua hangaia rānei) e whakamahia ana hei tautoko i roto i ngā ngongo pakitara matotoru, ngā ngongo piko rānei ki te radius toharite. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā kaupapa e hiahia ana ki ngā ngongo tapawhā, tapawhā rānei me ngā mandrel motuhake.
Me whai taputapu me te whakarite tika kia tika ai te piko. He maha ngā kamupene piko paipa kei a rātou ngā taputapu. Mena kāore e wātea ana, me rapu taputapu hei whakatutuki i te whānui o te piko.
Ka rerekē te utu tuatahi mō te hanga i tētahi mate piko. Ka kapi tēnei utu kotahi i ngā rauemi me te wā whakaputa e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana, e whakamahia ana mō ngā kaupapa e whai ake nei. Mena he ngāwari te hoahoa o te wāhanga e pā ana ki te radius piko, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakawhanake hua te whakarerekē i ā rātou whakaritenga kia whakamahia ai ngā taputapu piko o nāianei a te kaiwhakarato (kaua ki te whakamahi i ngā taputapu hou). Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakahaere i ngā utu me te whakapoto i ngā wā arahi.
Pikitia 3. He mea tino pai mō te hanga i ngā piko pūtoro nui, he mea hurihuri te piko hei hanga i tētahi ngongo, i tētahi ngongo rānei me ngā roera e toru i roto i te whirihoranga tapatoru.
Mā ngā kōhao, ngā mokowā, me ētahi atu āhuatanga kua tohua i te piko, i te taha rānei o te piko ka tāpirihia he mahi āwhina ki te mahi, nā te mea me mahi te tapahi taiaho i muri i te piko o te ngongo. Ka pāngia hoki te utu e ngā ātete. Ko ngā mahi tino uaua ka hiahiatia pea he mandrel, he mate rānei tāpiri, ka roa ake ai te wā tatūnga.
He maha ngā taurangi me whai whakaaro ngā kaihanga i te wā e rapu ana i ngā tuke, i ngā piko rānei kia rite ki ō rātou hiahia. He mea nui ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā taputapu, ngā rauemi, te rahinga, me te mahi.
Ahakoa kua whanake haere ngā tikanga me ngā tikanga piko paipa i ngā tau kua pahure ake nei, he rite tonu te nuinga o ngā kaupapa matua o te piko paipa. Mā te mārama ki ngā kaupapa matua me te kōrero ki tētahi kaiwhakarato mātau ka āwhina i a koe ki te whiwhi i ngā hua pai rawa atu.
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