Ukuphatha uthuli ngempumelelo kungaba yinselele ezitolo ezincane kuya kweziphakathi. Ngezansi kunezimpendulo zemibuzo evame ukubuzwa abaphathi bezitolo ezincane neziphakathi zokushisela mayelana nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yomoya. I-Getty Images
Ukushisela, ukusika nge-plasma, kanye nokusika nge-laser kukhiqiza umusi, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi umusi, oqukethe izinhlayiya zothuli olusemoyeni ezakhiwe ngezinto ezincane ezomile. Lolu thuli lunganciphisa ikhwalithi yomoya, lucasule amehlo noma isikhumba, lonakalise amaphaphu, futhi lube yingozi uma luhlala ezindaweni.
Ukucubungula umusi kungase kube ne-lead oxide, i-iron oxide, i-nickel, i-manganese, ithusi, i-chromium, i-cadmium kanye ne-zinc oxide. Ezinye izinqubo zokushisela nazo zikhiqiza amagesi anobuthi njenge-nitrogen dioxide, i-carbon monoxide kanye ne-ozone.
Ukuphathwa kahle kothuli nentuthu endaweni yokusebenza kubalulekile ekuphepheni kwabasebenzi bakho, imishini kanye nendawo ezungezile. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokubamba uthuli ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuqoqa olulususa emoyeni, lulukhiphe ngaphandle, bese lubuyisela umoya ohlanzekile ngaphakathi.
Kodwa-ke, ukuphatha uthuli ngempumelelo kungaba yinselele ezitolo ezincane kuya kweziphakathi ngenxa yezindleko nezinye izinto eziza kuqala. Ezinye zalezi zikhungo zizozama ukulawula uthuli kanye nentuthu ngokwazo, uma kucatshangwa ukuthi izitolo zazo azidingi uhlelo lokuqoqa uthuli.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usaqala noma usuneminyaka eminingi usebhizinisini, ungase ube nesithakazelo ezimpendulweni zemibuzo evame ukubuzwa abaphathi bezitolo ezincane neziphakathi zokushisela mayelana nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yomoya.
Okokuqala, thuthukisa ngokushesha uhlelo lokunciphisa ingozi yempilo kanye nokunciphisa ingozi. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kokuhlanzeka kwezimboni kuzokusiza ukuthi ubone izinto eziyingozi othulini futhi unqume amazinga okuvezwa. Lokhu kuhlolwa kufanele kufake phakathi ukuhlola indawo yakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlangabezana neMikhawulo Yokuvezwa Evumelekile Yokusebenza kanye Nezempilo (OSHA) yezinhlayiya zothuli ezikhiqizwe yisicelo sakho.
Buza umhlinzeki wakho wemishini yokukhipha uthuli ukuthi angancoma yini isazi sokuhlanzeka kwezimboni noma inkampani yobunjiniyela bezemvelo enolwazi lokuhlonza uthuli kanye nentuthu ethile ezindaweni zokusebenza ngensimbi.
Uma uphinda ujikelezisa umoya ohlanzekile ubuyele esikhungweni sakho, qiniseka ukuthi uhlala ngaphansi kwemingcele yokusebenza ebekwe yi-OSHA PEL yezinto ezingcolisayo. Uma ukhipha umoya ngaphandle, khumbula ukuthi kufanele uhambisane ne-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants.
Okokugcina, lapho uklama uhlelo lwakho lokukhipha uthuli, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi udala indawo yokusebenzela ephephile yokushisela ngokuhambisana nezimiso ezintathu zokukhipha uthuli nokususa intuthu: bamba, dlulisa, futhi uvale. Lo mklamo uvame ukufaka uhlobo oluthile lwe-hood yokubamba intuthu noma indlela, ukudonsa kuze kufike endaweni yokubamba, ukulinganisa kahle imigudu ebuyela kumqoqi, nokukhetha ifeni engakwazi ukuphatha ivolumu yesistimu kanye nokungaguquguquki.
Lesi yisibonelo senqola yokuqoqa uthuli lwezimboni ye-cartridge etholakala ngaphandle kwesikhungo sokushisela. Isithombe: Camfil APC
Uhlelo lokuqoqela uthuli olwenzelwe ukusebenza kwakho luwulawulo lobunjiniyela oluqinisekisiwe noluqinisekisiwe olubamba, lulethe futhi luqukethe ukungcola komoya okuyingozi. Abaqoqi bothuli bemidiya eyomile abanezihlungi zekhatriji ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nezihlungi zesibili zifanelekile ukubamba izinhlayiya zothuli eziphefumulayo.
Izinhlelo zokubamba umthombo zithandwa kakhulu ezisetshenziswayo ezihlanganisa ukushisela izingxenye ezincane kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Ngokuvamile, zifaka phakathi izibhamu zokukhipha intuthu (amathiphu okumunca), izingalo zokukhipha eziguquguqukayo, kanye nama-fume hood anezikhala noma ama-fume hood amancane anezivikelo eziseceleni. Lezi zivame ukwenziwa ngendlela yokuthi zihambisane nesicelo esithile ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu emsebenzini.
Izivalo kanye nezembozo zekhanophi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinezinyawo ezingamafidi angu-12 ububanzi namamitha angu-20 noma ngaphansi. Amakhethini noma izindonga eziqinile zingafakwa ezinhlangothini ze-hood ukuze kudalwe indawo noma indawo ebiyelwe. Endabeni yamaseli okushisela erobhothi, kuvame ukusebenziseka indawo ebiyelwe ephelele phezu naseduze kwesicelo. Lokhu kusebenza kumarobhothi okushisela angalodwa kanye namabili kanye namarobhothi okusika i-plasma ahambisana ne-multi-axis.
Uma uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lungahambisani nezincomo ezichazwe ngaphambilini, uhlelo lwezemvelo lungaklanywa ukususa umusi esikhungweni esiningi, uma kungeyona yonke indawo. Khumbula ukuthi njengoba usuka ekubanjweni komthombo, ekuvalweni kanye nasebhodweni kuya ekuqoqweni kwe-ambient, ukuhamba komoya okudingekayo kuyanda kakhulu, njengoba kunjalo nangentengo yohlelo.
Izitolo eziningi ezincane neziphakathi zivame ukusabela kuphela ngemva kokuzama ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuzenzela ezonga imali, njengokuvula iminyango namafasitela nokudala izinhlelo zazo zokukhipha ugesi, ukulawula intuthu. Inkinga ukuthi umusi omubi ugcina usuyinkinga enkulu futhi uvame ukuhlula lezi zindlela ngenkathi ukhulisa izindleko zamandla noma udala ukucindezeleka okubi okuphezulu ngendlela eyingozi endaweni.
Into yokuqala okudingeka uyenze ukuthola ukuthi izinkinga ezivame kakhulu zenzeka kuphi endaweni yakho. Lokhu kungaba umusi wetafula le-plasma, ukugoqa i-arc ngesandla, noma ukushisela ebhentshini lokusebenzela. Ukusuka lapho, bhekana nenqubo ekhiqiza umusi omningi kuqala. Kuye ngokuthi ingakanani intuthu ekhiqizwayo, uhlelo oluphathekayo lungakusiza ukuthi udlule.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ukuchayeka kwabasebenzi entuthwini eyingozi ukusebenza nomkhiqizi wekhwalithi yokuqoqa uthuli ongakusiza ukuthi ubone futhi udale uhlelo olungokwezifiso lwesakhiwo sakho. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukufaka uhlelo lokuqoqa uthuli olunesihlungi sekhatriji esiyinhloko kanye nesihlungi sokuphepha sesibili esisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Imidiya yokuhlunga eyinhloko oyikhethayo kuhlelo ngalunye kufanele isekelwe kusayizi wezinhlayiya zothuli, izici zokugeleza, ubuningi kanye nokusatshalaliswa. Izihlungi zokuqapha ukuphepha zesibili, njengezihlungi ze-HEPA, zandisa ukusebenza kahle kokubamba izinhlayiya zibe yi-0.3 microns noma ngaphezulu (zibamba iphesenti eliphezulu le-PM1) futhi zivimbele intuthu eyingozi ukuthi ingakhishwa emoyeni uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwesihlungi esiyinhloko.
Uma usuvele unesistimu yokulawula intuthu, qapha ngokucophelela isitolo sakho ukuze uthole izimo ezibonisa ukuthi asisebenzi kahle. Ezinye izimpawu zokuxwayisa zifaka:
Qaphela amafu entuthu aqina futhi alenga emoyeni usuku lonke ngemva komcimbi wakho wokushisela. Kodwa-ke, ukuqongelela okukhulu kwentuthu akusho ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokukhipha alusebenzi kahle, kungasho ukuthi usudlule amandla esistimu yakho yamanje. Uma usanda kwandisa umkhiqizo, kungadingeka ukuthi uphinde uhlole ukusetha kwakho kwamanje futhi wenze izinguquko ukuze uvumelane nokwanda komsebenzi.
Ukuphathwa kahle kothuli nentuthu kubalulekile ekuphepheni kwabasebenzi bakho, imishini kanye nendawo yokusebenzela.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile njalo ukulalela, ukuqaphela, nokubuza abasebenzi bakho imibuzo. Bangakwazisa uma izilawuli zakho zobunjiniyela zamanje zilawula ngempumelelo uthuli endaweni yakho futhi ziphakamise izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe.
Imithetho ye-OSHA yamabhizinisi amancane ingaba nzima, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngokwazi ukuthi yimiphi imithetho okumele uyilandele nokuthi yimiphi okhululekile kuyo. Ngokuvamile, izitolo ezincane zicabanga ukuthi zingangena ngaphansi kwe-radar yemithetho ye-OSHA—kuze kube yilapho isisebenzi sikhononda. Masicacise: Ukungazinaki imithetho akuqedi izingozi zempilo zabasebenzi.
Ngokusho kweSigaba 5(a)(1) seZimiso Zomthwalo Wemfanelo Ojwayelekile ze-OSHA, abaqashi kumele bahlonze futhi banciphise izingozi zasemsebenzini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abaqashi kumele bagcine amarekhodi ahlonza zonke izingozi (uthuli) ezikhiqizwa ezindaweni zabo. Uma uthuli luvutha futhi luqhuma, ukuphathwa kothuli kumele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso ze-National Fire Protection Association, uma kungenjalo, amarekhodi okuhlola kudingeka agcinwe.
I-OSHA iphinde ibeke imingcele ye-PEL yokungcola kwezinhlayiya ezivela emoyeni ezivela ekushiseni nasekusebenzeni ngensimbi. Lawa ma-PEL asekelwe esilinganisweni samahora angu-8 esilinganiselwe samakhulu othuli, okuhlanganisa nalawo aqukethwe kumusi wokushiseni nasemsebenzini wensimbi obhalwe kuthebula le-PEL elichazwe ngamagama. Lapho ukuqapha komoya kokuqala kukhombisa amazinga okuvezwa ngaphezu kwamazinga esenzo, abaqhubi bezikhungo kudingeka basebenzise izidingo ezengeziwe ngaphansi kwe-OSHA.
Njengoba kushiwo, intuthu ingacasula amehlo nesikhumba. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uqaphele nemiphumela eyingozi kakhulu.
Izinto ezincane (PM) ezinobubanzi obungama-micron ayi-10 noma ngaphansi (≤ PM10) zingafinyelela indlela yokuphefumula, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezingama-micron angu-2.5 noma ngaphansi (≤ PM2.5) zingangena zijule emaphashini. Izinhlayiya eziphefumulayo ezinobubanzi obungama-micron ayi-1.0 noma ngaphansi (≤ PM1) zibangela umonakalo omkhulu ngoba zingangena emgodleni wamaphaphu futhi zingene ohlelweni lwegazi.
Ukuchayeka njalo ku-PM kwandisa ingozi yezifo zokuphefumula, okuhlanganisa nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Izinhlayiya eziningi ezivela ekushiseni nasekusebenzeni ngensimbi ziwela ngaphakathi kwalolu hlu lwezingozi, futhi uhlobo kanye nobunzima bengozi kuzohluka kuye ngohlobo lwezinto ezicutshungulwayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa insimbi engagqwali, insimbi ethambile, i-aluminium, i-galvanized, noma ezinye izinto, amaphepha edatha okuphepha kwezinto ayindawo enhle yokuqala yokuhlonza izingozi zempilo.
I-Manganese iyinsimbi eyinhloko entanjeni yokushisela futhi ingabangela ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala, ukukhathala kanye nobuthakathaka. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emsini we-manganese kungabangela izinkinga zezinzwa.
Ukuchayeka ku-chromium ene-hexavalent (i-hexavalent chromium), i-carcinogen ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushisela izinsimbi eziqukethe i-chromium, kungabangela ukugula kwesikhashana kokuphefumula okuphezulu kanye nokucasuka kwamehlo noma kwesikhumba.
I-zinc oxide evela ekusebenzeni okushisayo kwensimbi ehlanganisiwe ingabangela umkhuhlane wensimbi, ukugula kwesikhashana okunezimpawu ezinzima ezifana nomkhuhlane ngemva kokuphuma emsebenzini, njengezimpelasonto noma ngemva kwamaholide.
Uma usuvele unesistimu yokuphatha intuthu, qapha isitolo sakho ngokucophelela ukuze uthole izimo ezibonisa ukuthi ayisebenzi kahle, njengamafu entuthu aqina usuku lonke.
Izimpawu zokuchayeka ku-beryllium zingase zihlanganise ukuphefumula okunzima, ukukhwehlela, ukukhathala, ukwehla kwesisindo, umkhuhlane kanye nokujuluka ebusuku.
Emisebenzini yokushisela kanye nokusika ngokushisa, uhlelo lokukhipha uthuli oluklanywe kahle nolunakekelwe kahle luvimbela izinkinga zokuphefumula kubasebenzi futhi lugcina izikhungo zihambisana nezidingo zamanje zekhwalithi yomoya.
Yebo. Umoya ogcwele intuthu ungamboza ama-heat exchanger nama-cooling coil, okwenza izinhlelo ze-HVAC zidinge ukulungiswa njalo. Intuthu yokushisela ingangena ezihlungini ze-HVAC ezijwayelekile, ibangele ukuthi izinhlelo zokushisa zingasebenzi kahle futhi ivale ama-air conditioner condensing coils. Isevisi eqhubekayo yesistimu ye-HVAC ingabiza kakhulu, kodwa uhlelo olungasebenzi kahle lungadala izimo eziyingozi kubasebenzi.
Umthetho olula kodwa obalulekile wokuphepha ukufaka isihlungi sothuli endaweni yaso ngaphambi kokuba sibe siningi kakhulu. Faka isihlungi endaweni yaso uma ubona noma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:
Ezinye izihlungi zekhatriji ezihlala isikhathi eside zingasebenza iminyaka emibili noma ngaphezulu phakathi kwezinguquko. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinemithwalo yothuli esindayo zivame ukudinga izinguquko zesihlungi ezivame kakhulu.
Ukukhetha isihlungi esifanele somqoqi wekhatriji yakho kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni nasekusebenzeni kohlelo. Qaphela lapho uthenga izihlungi zokufaka esikhundleni somqoqi wekhatriji yakho - akuzona zonke izihlungi ezifanayo.
Ngokuvamile, abathengi banamathela enanini elihle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, intengo ebhalwe ohlwini akuyona isiqondiso esihle kakhulu sokuthenga isihlungi sekhatriji.
Sekukonke, ukuvikela wena nabasebenzi bakho ngesistimu efanele yokuqoqa uthuli kuzosiza kakhulu ekusizeni ibhizinisi lakho elincane kuya kweliphakathi lichume.
I-WELDER, eyayibizwa ngokuthi i-Practical Welding Today, ibonisa abantu bangempela abenza imikhiqizo esiyisebenzisayo nesisebenza ngayo nsuku zonke. Lo magazini ukhonze umphakathi wokushisela eNyakatho Melika iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.
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