Ukulawula uthuli ngokufanelekileyo kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kwiivenkile ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi. Apha ngezantsi kukho iimpendulo zemibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo ngabaphathi beevenkile ezincinci neziphakathi zokutshiza malunga nolawulo lomgangatho womoya. Imifanekiso kaGetty
Ukuwelda, ukusika iplasma, kunye nokusika nge-laser kuvelisa umsi, odla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngumsi, oquka amasuntswana othuli oluhamba emoyeni enziwe ngezinto ezincinci ezomileyo. Olu thuli lunokunciphisa umgangatho womoya, luphazamise amehlo okanye ulusu, lonakalise imiphunga, kwaye lube yingozi xa luhlala phezu komhlaba.
Umsi wokucubungula unokuba ne-lead oxide, i-iron oxide, i-nickel, i-manganese, i-copper, i-chromium, i-cadmium kunye ne-zinc oxide. Ezinye iinkqubo zokudibanisa zivelisa iigesi ezinobuthi ezifana ne-nitrogen dioxide, i-carbon monoxide kunye ne-ozone.
Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lothuli nomsi kwindawo yokusebenza lubalulekile kukhuseleko lwabasebenzi bakho, izixhobo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokubamba uthuli kukusebenzisa inkqubo yokuqokelela uthuli oluyisusa emoyeni, luyikhuphele ngaphandle, kwaye ibuyisele umoya ococekileyo ngaphakathi.
Nangona kunjalo, ukulawula uthuli ngokufanelekileyo kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kwiivenkile ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi ngenxa yeendleko kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo. Ezinye zezi zibonelelo ziya kuzama ukulawula uthuli kunye nomsi ngokwazo, zicinga ukuba iivenkile zazo azidingi nkqubo yokuqokelela uthuli.
Nokuba usaqala okanye ubuseshishini iminyaka emininzi, unokuba nomdla kwiimpendulo zemibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo ngabaphathi beevenkile zokutshixa ezincinci neziphakathi malunga nolawulo lomgangatho womoya.
Okokuqala, phuhlisa ngenkuthalo isicwangciso somngcipheko kwimpilo kunye nokunciphisa uthuli. Umzekelo, uvavanyo lococeko lwemizi-mveliso luya kukunceda uchonge izinto ezinobungozi eluthulini kwaye umisele amanqanaba okuvezwa. Olu vavanyo kufuneka luquke ukuvavanya indawo yakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyahlangabezana neMida yoKuchaphazelwa okuVumelekileyo kwi-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (ii-PEL) zamasuntswana othuli aveliswe sisicelo sakho.
Buza umthengisi wakho wezixhobo zokukhupha uthuli ukuba angacebisa na ingcali yococeko kwimizi-mveliso okanye inkampani yobunjineli bendalo enamava ekuchongeni uthuli kunye nomsi okhethekileyo kwiindawo zokusebenza ngentsimbi.
Ukuba uphinda ujikelezise umoya ococekileyo kwindawo yakho, qiniseka ukuba uhlala ungaphantsi kwemida yokusebenza ebekwe yi-OSHA PEL kwizinto ezingcolisayo. Ukuba ukhupha umoya ngaphandle, khumbula ukuba kufuneka uthobele iMigangatho yeSizwe yoKhupha umoya eyingozi ye-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo (i-EPA).
Okokugqibela, xa uyila inkqubo yakho yokukhupha uthuli, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba udala indawo yokusebenzela ekhuselekileyo yokudibanisa ngokuhambelana nemigaqo emithathu yokukhupha uthuli kunye nokususa umsi: ukubamba, ukuhambisa, kunye nokugcina. Olu yilo ludla ngokuquka uhlobo oluthile lwe-fume capture hood okanye indlela, ukutsalela kwindawo yokubamba, ukwenza ubungakanani obufanelekileyo be-ducts ezibuyela kumqokeleli, kunye nokukhetha ifeni enokulawula ivolumu yenkqubo kunye nokungashukumi.
Lo ngumzekelo wesixhobo sokuqokelela uthuli lwemizi-mveliso sekhatriji esingaphandle kwesixhobo sokuwelda. Umfanekiso: Camfil APC
Inkqubo yokuqokelelwa kothuli eyenzelwe ukusebenza kwakho lulawulo lobunjineli oluqinisekisiweyo noluqinisekisiweyo olubamba, luhambisa kwaye luqulathe ungcoliseko lomoya oluyingozi. Abaqokeleli bothuli bemidiya eyomileyo abanezihluzo zekhatriji ezisebenzayo kakhulu kunye nezihluzo zesibini zifanelekile ukubamba amasuntswana othuli oluphefumlayo.
Iinkqubo zokubamba imithombo zithandwa kakhulu kwizicelo ezibandakanya ukuwelda iindawo ezincinci kunye nezixhobo. Ngokwesiqhelo, ziquka izibhamu zokukhupha umsi (iingcebiso zokufunxa), iingalo zokukhupha eziguquguqukayo, kunye nee-slots fume hood okanye ii-slots ezincinci zokukhupha umsi ezinezikhuselo ezisecaleni. Ezi zihlala zenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuba zisetyenziswe ngokukodwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwindlela yokusebenza.
Izigqubuthelo kunye nezigqubuthelo zekhanophi zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezineenyawo eziziimitha ezili-12 ububanzi nezingama-20 okanye ngaphantsi. Amakhethini okanye iindonga eziqinileyo zingongezwa emacaleni e-hood ukwenza indawo okanye indawo ebiyelweyo. Kwimeko yee-robotic welding cells, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa indawo ebiyelweyo epheleleyo ngaphezulu nangaphandle kwesicelo. Oku kusebenza kwiirobhothi ze-single-and-dual-arm welding kunye neerobhothi ze-multi-axis plasma cutting.
Xa isicelo sakho singahambelani neengcebiso ezichazwe ngaphambili, inkqubo yokusingqongileyo ingayilwa ukususa umsi kwisixhobo esininzi, ukuba asikuko sonke. Khumbula ukuba njengoko usiya kwi-source capture, evalwe kunye ne-hood ukuya kwi-ambient collection, ukuhamba komoya okufunekayo kuyanda kakhulu, njengoko kunjalo nangexabiso lenkqubo.
Iivenkile ezininzi ezincinci neziphakathi zidla ngokuphendula kuphela emva kokuzama ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuzenzela ezonga imali, ezinje ngokuvula iingcango neefestile nokwenza iinkqubo zazo zokukhupha umsi, ukulawula umsi. Ingxaki kukuba umsi ongcolileyo uphela uyingxaki enkulu kwaye udla ngokugqitha ezi ndlela ngelixa usonyusa iindleko zamandla okanye udala uxinzelelo olubi oluyingozi kwiziko.
Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenze kukufumanisa apho iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zenzeka khona kwindawo yakho. Oku kungaba ngumsi wetafile yeplasma, ukugoba i-arc ngesandla, okanye ukuwelda kwibhentshi yokusebenzela. Ukusuka apho, qala ngenkqubo evelisa umsi omninzi. Ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bomsi oveliswayo, inkqubo ephathekayo inokukunceda uphumelele.
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa ukuvezwa kwabasebenzi kumsi onobungozi kukusebenza nomenzi womqokeleli wothuli osemgangathweni onokukunceda uchonge kwaye wenze inkqubo eyenzelwe wena kwisakhiwo sakho. Ngokwesiqhelo, oku kuquka ukufaka inkqubo yokuqokelela uthuli ene-cartridge filter yokuqala kunye ne-secondary safety filter esebenza kakuhle.
Isixhobo sokucoca esiphambili osikhethayo kwisicelo ngasinye kufuneka sisekelwe kubungakanani besuntswana lothuli, iimpawu zokuhamba, ubungakanani kunye nokusasazwa. Izihluzi zokujonga ukhuseleko zesibini, ezifana nezihluzi ze-HEPA, zonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kokubanjwa kwesuntswana ukuya kwi-0.3 microns okanye ngaphezulu (zibamba ipesenti ephezulu ye-PM1) kwaye zithintele umsi onobungozi ekukhutshweni emoyeni xa isihluzi esiphambili singaphumeleli.
Ukuba sele unenkqubo yolawulo lomsi, jonga ivenkile yakho ngononophelo kwiimeko ezibonisa ukuba ayisebenzi kakuhle. Ezinye zeempawu zokulumkisa ziquka:
Lumka amafu omsi ajiyileyo aze axhome emoyeni imini yonke emva komcimbi wakho wokuwelda. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqokelelwa okukhulu komsi akuthethi ukuba inkqubo yakho yokukhupha ayisebenzi kakuhle, kunokuthetha ukuba udlule amandla enkqubo yakho yangoku. Ukuba usanda kwandisa imveliso, kunokufuneka uphinde uhlole ukuseta kwakho kwangoku kwaye wenze utshintsho ukuze ulungele ukwanda komsebenzi.
Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lothuli nomsi lubalulekile kukhuseleko lwabasebenzi bakho, izixhobo kunye nendawo yokusebenzela.
Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuphulaphula, ukujonga, kunye nokubuza abasebenzi bakho imibuzo. Banokukwazisa ukuba ulawulo lwakho lobunjineli lwangoku lulawula ngempumelelo uthuli kwiziko lakho kwaye bacebise iindawo ekufuneka ziphuculwe.
Imithetho ye-OSHA yamashishini amancinci inokuba nzima, ingakumbi xa kufikwa ekwazini ukuba yeyiphi imithetho ekufuneka uyilandele kwaye yeyiphi okhululekileyo kuyo. Rhoqo, iivenkile ezincinci zicinga ukuba zinokungalandelwa yimithetho ye-OSHA—de umqeshwa akhalaze. Masicace: Ukungayinaki imithetho akususi iingozi zempilo zabasebenzi.
NgokweCandelo 5(a)(1) leMimiselo yoXanduva oluQhelekileyo lwe-OSHA, abaqeshi kufuneka bachonge baze banciphise iingozi zasemsebenzini. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaqeshi kufuneka bagcine iirekhodi ezichonga zonke iingozi (uthuli) eziveliswa kwiindawo zabo. Ukuba uthuli luyatsha kwaye luyaqhuma, ulawulo lothuli kufuneka lwenziwe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho ye-National Fire Protection Association, ukuba akunjalo, iirekhodi zokuhlola kufuneka zigcinwe.
I-OSHA ikwabeka imida ye-PEL yongcoliseko lwamasuntswana aphuma emoyeni oluvela ekudibaniseni nasekusebenzeni ngentsimbi. Ezi PEL zisekelwe kumyinge wexesha leeyure ezisi-8 wamakhulu othuli, kuquka nolo luqulethwe kumsi wokudibanisela kunye nomsebenzi wentsimbi oludweliswe kwitheyibhile ye-Annotated PEL. Xa ukujonga umoya okokuqala kubonisa amanqanaba okuvezwa ngaphezulu kwamanqanaba esenzo, abaqhubi bezakhiwo kufuneka basebenzise iimfuno ezongezelelweyo phantsi kwe-OSHA.
Njengoko sele kutshiwo, umsi unokucaphukisa amehlo nolusu. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uqaphele nezinye iziphumo ezinobungozi.
Izinto ezikwi-particle matter (PM) ezinobubanzi obuzii-microns ezili-10 okanye ngaphantsi (≤ PM10) zinokufikelela kwindlela yokuphefumla, ngelixa izinto ezikwi-2.5 microns okanye ngaphantsi (≤ PM2.5) zinokungena nzulu emiphungeni. Izinto eziphefumlayo ezinobubanzi obuzii-microns ezili-1.0 okanye ngaphantsi (≤ PM1) zibangela umonakalo omkhulu kuba zinokungena kumqobo wemiphunga zize zingene kwinkqubo yegazi.
Ukuvezwa rhoqo kwi-PM kwandisa umngcipheko wezifo zokuphefumla, kuquka nomhlaza wemiphunga. Amasuntswana amaninzi avela ekudibaniseni nasekusebenzeni ngentsimbi awela ngaphakathi kolu luhlu lwengozi, kwaye uhlobo kunye nobunzima bengozi buya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezinto ezicutshungulwayo. Nokuba usebenzisa intsimbi engagqwaliyo, intsimbi ethambileyo, i-aluminium, i-galvanized, okanye ezinye izinto, amaphepha edatha yokhuseleko lwezinto ziindawo ezilungileyo zokuqala zokuchonga iingozi zempilo.
I-Manganese yeyona ntsimbi iphambili kwiintambo zokuwelda kwaye inokubangela iintloko ezibuhlungu, ukudinwa, ukudinwa kunye nobuthathaka. Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kumsi we-manganese kunokubangela iingxaki zemithambo-luvo.
Ukuvezwa kwi-hexavalent chromium (hexavalent chromium), i-carcinogen eveliswa ngexesha lokudityaniswa kweentsimbi ezine-chromium, kunokubangela isifo sexesha elifutshane sokuphefumla okuphezulu kunye nokurhawuzelelwa kwamehlo okanye ulusu.
I-zinc oxide evela ekusebenzeni ngobushushu kwentsimbi egayiweyo inokubangela umkhuhlane wesinyithi, isifo sexesha elifutshane esineempawu ezinzulu ezifana nomkhuhlane emva kokuphuma emsebenzini, njengeempelaveki okanye emva kweeholide.
Ukuba sele unenkqubo yolawulo lomsi, jonga ivenkile yakho ngononophelo kwiimeko ezibonisa ukuba ayisebenzi kakuhle, ezifana namafu omsi aqina imini yonke.
Iimpawu zokuvezwa yi-beryllium zinokubandakanya ukuphefumla okufutshane, ukukhohlela, ukudinwa, ukwehla kobunzima, umkhuhlane, kunye nokubila ebusuku.
Kwimisebenzi yokusika iintsimbi kunye nokushisa, inkqubo yokukhupha uthuli eyilwe kakuhle negcinwe kakuhle ithintela iingxaki zokuphefumla kubasebenzi kwaye igcina izakhiwo zihambelana neemfuno zangoku zomgangatho womoya.
Ewe. Umoya ogcwele umsi ungagquma izitshintshi zobushushu kunye neekhoyili zokupholisa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iinkqubo ze-HVAC zifune ukulungiswa rhoqo. Umsi wokuwelda ungangena kwiifilitha ze-HVAC eziqhelekileyo, ubangele ukuba iinkqubo zokufudumeza zingaphumeleli kwaye uvale iikhoyili zokufutha umoya. Inkonzo eqhubekayo yenkqubo ye-HVAC inokubiza kakhulu, kodwa inkqubo engasebenzi kakuhle inokudala iimeko eziyingozi kubasebenzi.
Umthetho olula kodwa obalulekileyo wokhuseleko kukutshintsha isihluzo sothuli ngaphambi kokuba sibe sininzi kakhulu. Tshintsha isihluzo ukuba ubona nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:
Ezinye izihluzi zekhatriji ezihlala ixesha elide zinokusebenza iminyaka emibini okanye ngaphezulu phakathi kotshintsho. Nangona kunjalo, usetyenziso olunemithwalo yothuli enzima ludla ngokufuna utshintsho oluqhubekayo lwezihluzi.
Ukukhetha isihluzo esifanelekileyo somqokeleli wekhatriji yakho kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwixabiso kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo. Lumka xa uthenga izihluzo zokutshintsha umqokeleli wekhatriji yakho - ayizizo zonke izihluzo ezifanayo.
Amaxesha amaninzi, abathengi banamathela kwixabiso elifanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso elidwelisiweyo alilona sikhokelo silungileyo sokuthenga isihluzi sekhatriji.
Lilonke, ukukhusela wena nabasebenzi bakho ngenkqubo efanelekileyo yokuqokelela uthuli kuya kunceda kakhulu ekuncedeni ishishini lakho elincinci ukuya kweliphakathi liphumelele.
I-WELDER, eyayisakuba yi-Practical Welding Today, ibonisa abantu bokwenyani abenza iimveliso esizisebenzisayo nesisebenza nazo yonke imihla. Le magazini ikhonze uluntu oludibanisa iintsimbi eMntla Melika kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-20.
Ngoku ngokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-FABRICATOR, ukufikelela lula kwizixhobo ezixabisekileyo zoshishino.
Uhlelo lwedijithali lweThe Tube & Pipe Journal ngoku lufikeleleka ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo enika ukufikelela lula kwizixhobo ezixabisekileyo zoshishino.
Yonwabela ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-STAMPING Journal, olubonelela ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yamva nje, iindlela ezilungileyo kunye neendaba zoshishino kwimarike yokunyathela isinyithi.
Ngoku ngokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Fabricator en Español, ukufikelela lula kwizixhobo ezixabisekileyo zoshishino.