Kugadzirisa guruva zvinobudirira kunogona kuva dambudziko kuzvitoro zvidiki kusvika zvepakati. Pazasi pane mhinduro dzemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nevatungamiriri vezvitoro zvidiki nezvekugadzirisa hunhu hwemhepo. Getty Images
Kukwesha, kucheka plasma, uye kucheka nelaser zvinoburitsa utsi, hunowanzozivikanwa seutsi, hune zvidimbu zveguruva rinofambiswa nemhepo zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvidiki zvakaoma. Guruva iri rinogona kuderedza kunaka kwemhepo, kutsamwisa maziso kana ganda, kukuvadza mapapu, uye kuva njodzi kana rikagara pamusoro.
Utsi hwekugadzirisa hunogona kunge huine lead oxide, iron oxide, nickel, manganese, copper, chromium, cadmium uye zinc oxide. Mamwe maitiro ekushongedza huni anogadzirawo magasi ane chepfu akadai senitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide uye ozone.
Kutarisira guruva nehutsi zvakanaka kubasa kwakakosha pakuchengetedzwa kwevashandi vako, michina nenzvimbo. Nzira yakanakisisa yekubata guruva ndeyekushandisa sisitimu yekuunganidza guruva inoribvisa mumhepo, yoriburitsa kunze, uye inodzosera mweya wakachena mumba.
Zvisinei, kugadzirisa guruva zvinobudirira kunogona kuva dambudziko kuzvitoro zvidiki kusvika zvepakati nekuda kwemutengo nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha. Zvimwe zvezvivako izvi zvinoedza kudzora guruva nehutsi zvega, zvichifunga kuti zvitoro zvavo hazvidi sisitimu yekuunganidza guruva.
Ungave uchangotanga kana kuti wave nemakore akawanda uri mubhizinesi, ungangoda kuziva mhinduro dzemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nevatungamiriri vezvitoro zvidiki nezvekuchengetedza hunhu hwemhepo.
Kutanga, gadzira hurongwa hwekudzivirira njodzi dzehutano nekudzikisa njodzi. Semuenzaniso, ongororo yehutsanana hwemaindasitiri ichakubatsira kuona zvinhu zvinokuvadza muguruva uye kuona huwandu hwenjodzi. Ongororo iyi inofanira kusanganisira kuongorora nzvimbo yako kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti unosangana neOccupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) yeguruva rinogadzirwa nekushandisa kwako.
Bvunza mutengesi wemidziyo yako yekuburitsa guruva kana vachigona kukurudzira nyanzvi yekuchenesa maindasitiri kana kambani yeinjiniya yezvakatipoteredza ine ruzivo mukuona guruva nehutsi hunoshandiswa mumabasa ekugadzira simbi.
Kana uri kudzoreredza mhepo yakachena kunzvimbo yako, iva nechokwadi chekuti inogara iri pasi pemiganhu yekushanda yakatarwa neOSHA PEL yezvinokonzera tsvina. Kana ukaburitsa mweya panze, yeuka kuti unofanirwa kutevedzera Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants.
Chekupedzisira, pakugadzira sisitimu yako yekuburitsa guruva, unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti wagadzira nzvimbo yekushandira yakachengeteka yekubatanidza zvinoenderana nematanho matatu ekubvisa guruva nekubvisa fume: kubata, kuendesa, uye kuchengeta. Dhizaini iyi inowanzo sanganisira imwe mhando yehuni yekubata fume, kudhonza kusvika panzvimbo yekubata, saizi chaiyo yemigero inodzokera kumuunganidzi, uye kusarudza feni inogona kubata vhoriyamu yesisitimu uye static.
Uyu muenzaniso wemuchina wekuunganidza guruva remaindasitiri we cartridge uri kunze kwenzvimbo yekuwedera. Mufananidzo: Camfil APC
Sisitimu yekuunganidza guruva yakagadzirirwa kushanda kwako inyanzvi yekutonga ine hunyanziro uye yakasimbiswa inobata, inoburitsa uye ine zvinosvibisa mhepo zvinokuvadza. Zvishandiso zvekuunganidza guruva zvemidziyo yakaoma zvine mafirita emakatriji anoshanda zvakanyanya uye mafirita echipiri akakodzera kubata zvidimbu zveguruva zvinofema.
Masisitimu ekubata zvinhu anonyanya kufarirwa mukushandiswa kwekubatanidza zvikamu zvidiki nezvishandiso. Kazhinji, anosanganisira pfuti dzinobvisa fume (matipi ekudhonza), maoko anochinjika ekudhonza fume, uye mahood ane slotted fume kana mahood madiki anobvisa fume ane mativi ekudzivirira. Izvi zvinowanzo gadziriswa kuti zvive zvekushandisa zvakanangana nezvinodiwa uye zvisingakanganisi mafambiro ebasa.
Makomba nemakavha edenga anowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo dzine tsoka dzine 12 feet ne 20 feet kana pasi. Maketeni kana madziro akaomarara anogona kuwedzerwa kumativi ehood kugadzira compartment kana enclosure. Kana iri robotic welding cells, zvinowanzo kwanisika kushandisa enclosure yakakwana pamusoro nepakapoteredza application. Izvi zvinoshanda kumarobhoti e single-and dual-arm welding uye marobhoti ekucheka plasma akawanda.
Kana application yako isingaenderane nemazano akataurwa kare, sisitimu yezvakatipoteredza inogona kugadzirwa kubvisa utsi kubva munzvimbo zhinji, kana isiri yese. Rangarira kuti sezvaunotanga kubva pakutorwa kwenzvimbo, nzvimbo yakavharirwa uye hood kusvika pakuunganidzwa kwemhepo, kufamba kwemhepo kunodiwa kunowedzera zvakanyanya, pamwe nemutengo wesisitimu.
Zvitoro zvidiki nezvidiki zvinongoerekana zvaita basa mushure mekuedza kushandisa nzira dzeDIY dzinochengetedza mari, dzakadai sekuvhura magonhi nemahwindo nekugadzira masisitimu avo ekubvisa utsi, kudzora utsi. Dambudziko nderekuti utsi husina kunaka hunopedzisira hwava dambudziko guru uye hunowanzo kanganisa nzira idzi ukuwo huchiwedzera mitengo yemagetsi kana kugadzira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwakaipa munzvimbo iyi.
Chinhu chekutanga chaunofanira kuita ndechekuona kuti matambudziko anowanzoitika kupi munzvimbo yako. Izvi zvinogona kunge utsi hweplasma table, kugocha arc nemaoko, kana kusveta pabhenji rebasa. Kubva ipapo, tanga watanga nekugadzira nzira inogadzira utsi hwakawanda. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hweutsi hunoburitswa, sisitimu inotakurika inogona kukubatsira kupfuura.
Nzira yakanakisisa yekuderedza kusvibiswa kweutsi hunokuvadza ndeyekushanda nemugadziri wemhando yepamusoro wekuunganidza guruva anogona kukubatsira kuona nekugadzira sisitimu yakasarudzika yenzvimbo yako. Kazhinji, izvi zvinosanganisira kuisa sisitimu yekuunganidza guruva ine firita yekaturiji yekutanga uye firita yekuchengetedza yechipiri inoshanda zvakanyanya.
Mafirita makuru aunosarudza pakushandisa kwega kwega anofanira kunge akavakirwa pahukuru hweguruva, hunhu hwekuyerera kwemvura, huwandu uye kupararira kwayo. Mafirita ekuchengetedza echipiri, akadai semafirita eHEPA, anowedzera kushanda kwekubata kwezvikamu kusvika kuma microns 0.3 kana kupfuura (kubata chikamu chikuru chePM1) uye kudzivirira utsi hunokuvadza kuti husaburitswe mumhepo kana firita rekutanga rikakundikana.
Kana uchitova nehurongwa hwekugadzirisa utsi, nyatsotarisa chitoro chako kuti uone kana paine mamiriro ezvinhu anoratidza kuti hachishande nemazvo. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvekunyevera zvinosanganisira:
Chenjerera makore eutsi anokora uye anorembera mumhepo mukati mezuva rose mushure mechiitiko chako chekuwelda. Zvisinei, kuunganidzwa kukuru kweutsi hazvirevi kuti sisitimu yako yekuburitsa haisi kushanda nemazvo, zvinogona kureva kuti wapfuura kugona kwesisitimu yako yazvino. Kana uchangobva kuwedzera kugadzirwa, ungangoda kuongororazve magadzirirwo ako azvino uye kuita shanduko kuti ukwanise kuwedzera kwekushanda.
Kutarisira guruva nehutsi zvakanaka kwakakosha pakuchengetedzwa kwevashandi vako, zvishandiso uye nzvimbo yekushandira.
Chekupedzisira, zvakakosha nguva dzose kuteerera, kutarisa, uye kubvunza vashandi vako. Vanogona kukuzivisa kana mainjiniya ako ari kutonga guruva zvakanaka munzvimbo yako uye kupa mazano ekuvandudza.
Mitemo yeOSHA yemabhizinesi madiki inogona kuoma, kunyanya kana zvasvika pakuziva kuti ndeipi mitemo yaunofanira kutevedzera uye yausingafaniri kutevedzera. Kazhinji, zvitoro zvidiki zvinofunga kuti zvinogona kutyorwa nemitemo yeOSHA—kusvikira mushandi anyunyuta. Ngativei pachena: Kusateerera mitemo hakubvisi njodzi dzehutano hwevashandi.
Zvinoenderana neChikamu 5(a)(1) cheOSHA's General Responsibility Provisions, vashandirwi vanofanirwa kuziva nekuderedza njodzi dzebasa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vashandirwi vanofanira kuchengeta zvinyorwa zvinoratidza njodzi dzese (guruva) dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzavo. Kana guruva richibvira moto uye richiputika, kutonga guruva kunofanirwa kuitwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neNational Fire Protection Association, kana zvisiri izvo, zvinyorwa zvekuongorora zvinofanirwa kuchengetwa.
OSHA inoisawo PEL miganhu yekusvibisa tunhu tunobva mumhepo kubva mukunamira nekugadzira simbi. MaPEL aya akavakirwa paavhareji yemaawa masere inorema guruva remazana, kusanganisira riri muutsi hwekunamira nekugadzira simbi hwakanyorwa mutafura yeAnnotated PEL. Kana kutarisa kwemhepo kwekutanga kuchiratidza huwandu hwekusangana nemhepo huri pamusoro pehuwandu hwechiito, vashandi venzvimbo vanofanirwa kuita zvimwe zvinodiwa pasi peOSHA.
Sezvambotaurwa, utsi hunogona kutsamwisa maziso neganda. Zvisinei, unofanirawo kuziva zvimwe zvinokonzera chepfu.
Zvidimbu zvemuviri (PM) zvine dhayamita ye10 microns kana pasi (≤ PM10) zvinogona kusvika munzira yekufema, nepo zvidimbu zve2.5 microns kana pasi (≤ PM2.5) zvichigona kupinda mukati memapapu. Zvidimbu zvinofema zvine dhayamita ye1.0 microns kana pasi (≤ PM1) zvinokonzera kukuvara kukuru nekuti zvinogona kupinda mumapapu zvopinda muropa.
Kugara uchisangana nePM kunowedzera njodzi yezvirwere zvekufema, kusanganisira kenza yemapapu. Zvidimbu zvakawanda zvinobva mukunamira nekugadzira simbi zvinowira mukati meiyi njodzi, uye mhando nekuoma kwenjodzi yacho zvinosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwezvinhu zviri kugadziriswa. Kunyangwe uchishandisa simbi isingatsvedzeri, simbi isina kusimba, aluminium, galvanized, kana zvimwe zvinhu, mapepa edata rekuchengetedza zvinhu inzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga yekuona njodzi dzehutano.
Manganese ndiyo simbi huru inoshandiswa muwaya yekuwedera uye inogona kukonzera misoro, kuneta, kusuruvara uye kushaya simba. Kugara kwenguva refu uchinwa utsi hwemanganese kunogona kukonzera matambudziko etsinga.
Kusangana ne chromium ine hexavalent (hexavalent chromium), kenza inokonzerwa nekusanganisa simbi dzine chromium, kunogona kukonzera chirwere chekufema kwenguva pfupi uye kutsamwa kwemaziso kana ganda.
Zinc oxide inobva mukushanda kwesimbi inopisa inogona kukonzera fever yesimbi, chirwere chenguva pfupi chine zviratidzo zvakakomba zvakaita sefuruu mushure mekubuda kubasa, senge pakupera kwevhiki kana mushure mezororo.
Kana uchitova nehurongwa hwekugadzirisa utsi, tarisa chitoro chako nokungwarira kana paine mamiriro ezvinhu anoratidza kuti hachishande zvakanaka, akadai semakore eutsi anokora mukati mezuva.
Zviratidzo zvekusangana neberyllium zvinogona kusanganisira kufema zvishoma, kukosora, kuneta, kudzikira uremu, fivha, uye kudikitira husiku.
Mumabasa ekunamira nekucheka nekupisa, sisitimu yekuburitsa guruva yakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye yakachengetedzwa inodzivirira matambudziko ekufema kwevashandi uye inochengetedza zvivakwa zvichitevedzera zvinodiwa pari zvino zvemhando yemhepo.
Ehe. Mhepo ine utsi inogona kufukidza ma "heat exchangers" nema "cooling coils", zvichiita kuti ma "HVAC systems" ade kugadziriswa nguva nenguva. Utsi hwekuwelding hunogona kupinda muma "HVAC filters" akajairwa, zvichiita kuti ma "heating systems" asashande zvakanaka uye kuvhara ma "air conditioning condensing coils". Kuenderera mberi ne "HVAC system" kunogona kudhura, asi "normal functioning system" kunogona kukonzera njodzi kuvashandi.
Mutemo wekuchengetedza uri nyore asi wakakosha ndewekutsiva guruva risati ranyanya kuwanda. Tsiva firita kana ukaona chimwe chezvinotevera:
Mamwe mafirita emakatriji anogara kwenguva refu anogona kushanda kwemakore maviri kana kupfuura pakati pekuchinja. Zvisinei, mashandisirwo ane guruva rakawanda anowanzoda kuchinjwa kakawanda kwemafirita.
Kusarudza sefa yekutsiva yemuunganidzi wekaturiji yako kunogona kukanganisa zvikuru mutengo uye mashandiro esystem. Chenjerera paunenge uchitenga mafirita ekutsiva emuunganidzi wekaturiji yako - haasi ese mafirita akafanana.
Kazhinji, vatengi vanonetseka nemutengo wakanakisa. Zvisinei, mutengo wepamusoro hausi iwo gwara rakanakisa rekutenga sefa yekaturiji.
Kazhinji, kukudzivirira iwe nevashandi vako nenzira yakakodzera yekuunganidza guruva kuchakubatsira zvikuru mukubatsira bhizinesi rako diki kusvika repakati nepakati kubudirira.
WELDER, yaimbonzi Practical Welding Today, inoratidza vanhu chaivo vanogadzira zvigadzirwa zvatinoshandisa uye zvatinoshanda nazvo zuva nezuva. Magazini iyi yave ichishandira nharaunda yevanosanganisa simbi muNorth America kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri.
Iye zvino nekuwana zvizere chinyorwa chedhijitari cheThe FABRICATOR, zviri nyore kuwana zviwanikwa zvinokosha zveindasitiri.
Chinyorwa chedhijitari cheThe Tube & Pipe Journal chave kuwanikwa zvizere, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuwana zviwanikwa zvinokosha zveindasitiri.
Nakidzwai nekuwana zvizere chinyorwa chedigital cheSTAMPING Journal, icho chinopa kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, maitiro akanakisa uye nhau dzeindasitiri dzemusika wesimbi.
Iye zvino nekuwana zvizere chinyorwa chedhijitari cheThe Fabricator en Español, zviri nyore kuwana zviwanikwa zvinokosha zveindasitiri.