He wero pea te whakahaere pai i te puehu mō ngā toa iti me te rahi waenga. Kei raro nei ngā whakautu ki ngā pātai e pātai pinepinetia ana e ngā kaiwhakahaere toa whakarewa iti me te rahi waenga mō te whakahaere kounga hau. Getty Images
Ko te whakarewa, te tapahi plasma, me te tapahi laser ka puta he auahi, e kiia nei ko ngā auahi, he mea hanga mai i ngā matūriki puehu e rere ana i te rangi, he mea hanga mai i ngā mea totoka maroke ririki. Ka taea e tēnei puehu te whakaiti i te kounga o te hau, te whakapataritari i ngā kanohi, i te kiri rānei, te kino i ngā pukahukahu, ā, ka noho hei tūponotanga ina tau ki runga i ngā mata.
Tērā pea kei roto i ngā auahi tukatuka he waikura mata, he waikura rino, he nikara, he manganese, he parahi, he chromium, he cadmium me he waikura konutea. Ka puta hoki i ētahi tukanga whakarewa he hau paitini pērā i te hauota hauhā, te hauota waro me te ozone.
He mea nui te whakahaere tika i te puehu me ngā paoa i te wāhi mahi mō te haumaru o āu kaimahi, o āu taputapu me te taiao. Ko te huarahi pai ki te hopu i te puehu ko te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha kohikohi e tango ana i te hau, ka tukuna ki waho, ā, ka whakahokia te hau ma ki roto.
Heoi, he uaua pea te whakahaere pai i te puehu mō ngā toa iti me te rahi waenga nā te utu me ētahi atu kaupapa matua. Ka ngana ētahi o ēnei whare ki te whakahaere i te puehu me te auahi i a rātou anō, me te whakaaro kāore ā rātou toa e hiahia ki tētahi pūnaha kohikohi puehu.
Ahakoa he tīmatanga noa iho koe, he maha rānei ngā tau e mahi ana i te pakihi, tera pea ka hiahia koe ki ngā whakautu ki ngā pātai e pātaihia pinepinetia ana e ngā kaiwhakahaere toa whakarewa iti me te rahi mō te whakahaere kounga hau.
Tuatahi, whakawhanaketia he mahere mōrearea hauora me te whakaiti i te mōrearea. Hei tauira, mā te aromatawai akuaku ahumahi koe e āwhina ki te tautuhi i ngā huānga kino o te puehu me te whakatau i ngā taumata pānga. Me uru atu ki tēnei aromatawai te aromatawai i tō whare kia tutuki ai i a koe ngā Herenga Whakapuakitanga Whakaaetia (PEL) a te Whakahaere Haumaru me te Hauora Mahi (OSHA) mō ngā matūriki puehu i hangaia e tō tono.
Pātai atu ki tō kaiwhakarato taputapu tango puehu mēnā ka taea e rātou te tūtohu i tētahi tohunga akuaku ahumahi, i tētahi kamupene miihini taiao rānei e mōhio ana ki te tautuhi i te puehu me ngā auahi e pā ana ki ngā whare mahi whakarewa.
Mena kei te whakahoki anō koe i te hau ma ki tō whare, kia tino noho kei raro iho i ngā rohe mahi i whakatakotoria e OSHA PEL mō ngā poke. Mena ka tukuna e koe te hau ki waho, kia mahara me tutuki e koe ngā Paerewa Tukunga ā-Motu mō ngā Poke Hau Kino a te Tari Tiaki Taiao (EPA).
Hei whakamutunga, i te wā e hoahoa ana i tō pūnaha tango puehu, me whakarite kia hangaia e koe he wāhi mahi whakarewa haumaru e ai ki ngā C e toru o te tango puehu me te tango paowa: te hopu, te kawe, me te pupuri. Ko tēnei hoahoa he momo taupoki, he tikanga rānei mō te hopu paowa, te tuku paipa ki te pūwāhi hopu, te rahi tika o ngā paipa e hoki ana ki te kaikohi, me te whiriwhiri i tētahi pā e taea ai te whakahaere i te rōrahi me te hiko pateko o te pūnaha.
He tauira tēnei o tētahi kātere puehu ahumahi kei waho o tētahi whare whakarewa. Whakaahua: Camfil APC
He pūnaha kohikohi puehu kua whakamātauhia, kua whakamanahia hoki te pūnaha whakahaere hangarau e hopu ana, e tuku ana, e pupuri ana hoki i ngā parahanga hau kino. He pai ngā kohikohi puehu pāpāho maroke me ngā tātari kātere tino pai me ngā tātari tuarua mō te hopu i ngā matūriki puehu ka taea te manawa.
He rongonui ngā pūnaha hopu pūtake i roto i ngā tono e uru ana ki te whakarewa i ngā wāhanga iti me ngā taputapu. Ko te tikanga, kei roto ko ngā pū tango paowa (ngā pito momi), ngā ringa tango ngāwari, me ngā taupoki paowa kōhao, ngā taupoki tango paowa iti rānei me ngā parepare taha. Ko te tikanga ka whakaritea ēnei kia motuhake ki te tono me te iti rawa o te whakararuraru i te rere o te mahi.
Ko ngā pātaka me ngā taupoki tuanui e whakamahia ana i ngā wāhi he 12 putu te whānui, 20 putu te whānui, iti iho rānei. Ka taea te tāpiri i ngā ārai, i ngā pakitara mārō rānei ki ngā taha o te taupoki hei hanga i tētahi wāhanga, i tētahi pātaka rānei. Mō ngā pūtau whakarewa karetao, he maha ngā wā ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi pātaka katoa ki runga, ki waho hoki i te tono. Ka pā tēnei ki ngā karetao whakarewa ringa kotahi, ringa rua rānei, me ngā karetao tapahi plasma tuaka-maha.
Ki te kore tō tono e hototahi ki ngā taunakitanga kua whakarārangihia i mua ake nei, ka taea te hanga i tētahi pūnaha taiao hei tango i te paoa mai i te nuinga, ki te kore i te whare katoa. Kia maumahara, i a koe e neke ana mai i te hopunga pūtake, te ārai me te taupoki ki te kohikohinga taiao, ka nui ake te rere o te hau e hiahiatia ana, me te utu hoki o te pūnaha.
He maha ngā toa iti me ngā toa waenga e aro atu ana i muri i te ngana ki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga DIY penapena moni, pērā i te whakatuwhera i ngā tatau me ngā matapihi me te hanga i ā rātou ake pūnaha whakaputa hau, hei whakahaere i te paoa. Ko te raruraru ko ngā paoa kino ka noho hei raruraru nui ake, ā, ka kaha ake te pehi i ēnei tikanga me te whakanui ake i ngā utu pūngao, te hanga rānei i ngā pēhanga kino tino teitei i roto i te whare.
Ko te mea tuatahi me mahi e koe ko te kimi i ngā wāhi e puta ai ngā raruraru tino noa i roto i tō whare. Tērā pea ko ngā paoa tēpu plasma, ko te keri ā-ringa i te pewa, ko te whakarewa rānei i runga i te tēpu mahi. Mai i reira, me mahi tuatahi te tukanga e puta ai te nuinga o te paoa. I runga i te nui o te paoa e puta ana, ka taea e te pūnaha kawe te āwhina i a koe ki te whakaoti.
Ko te huarahi pai ki te whakaiti i te pānga o ngā paowa kino ki ngā kaimahi ko te mahi tahi me tētahi kaihanga kohikohi puehu kounga teitei hei āwhina i a koe ki te tautuhi me te waihanga i tētahi pūnaha ritenga mō tō whare. I te nuinga o te wā, kei roto i tēnei ko te tāuta i tētahi pūnaha kohikohi puehu me tētahi tātari kātere matua me tētahi tātari haumaru tuarua tino whai hua.
Ko te tātari matua e whiriwhiria e koe mō ia tono me ahu mai i te rahi o te puehu, ngā āhuatanga rere, te rahinga me te tohatoha. Ko ngā tātari aroturuki haumaru tuarua, pērā i ngā tātari HEPA, ka whakanui ake i te pai o te hopu matūriki ki te 0.3 maikorona, neke atu rānei (ka hopu i te ōrau nui o te PM1) ā, ka ārai i te tukunga o ngā auahi kino ki te rangi mēnā ka rahua te tātari tuatahi.
Mena kei a koe tētahi pūnaha whakahaere auahi, me āta tirotiro i tō toa mō ngā āhuatanga e tohu ana kāore e mahi tika ana. Ko ētahi tohu whakatūpato ko:
Kia tūpato ki ngā kapua paoa e matotoru ana, e iri ana i te rangi i te roanga o te rā i muri i tō mahi whakarewa. Heoi, ko te nui o te paoa e kore e tohu i te kore e mahi tika tō pūnaha tango, engari tera pea kua hipa atu koe i ngā kaha o tō pūnaha o nāianei. Mena kua whakanuia e koe te whakaputanga i ngā wā tata nei, me arotake anō pea e koe tō whakatakotoranga o nāianei, me te hanga huringa hei whakauru i te pikinga o te mahi.
He mea nui te whakahaere tika i te puehu me te auahi mō te haumaru o āu kaimahi, o āu taputapu me te taiao awheawhe.
Hei whakamutunga, he mea nui tonu kia whakarongo, kia mātakitaki, kia pātai atu ki ō kaimahi. Ka taea e rātou te whakamōhio atu ki a koe mēnā kei te whakahaere pai ō mana whakahaere hangarau i te puehu i roto i tō whare, me te whakaaro mai i ngā wāhanga hei whakapai ake.
He uaua pea ngā ture OSHA mō ngā pakihi iti, inā koa ka mōhio koe ki ngā ture me whai koe, me ngā ture kāore koe e whai. He maha ngā wā, ka whakaaro ngā toa iti ka taea e rātou te huna i ngā ture OSHA—kia amuamu rā anō tētahi kaimahi. Kia mārama tātou: Ko te kore aro ki ngā ture kāore e whakakore i ngā mōrearea hauora o ngā kaimahi.
E ai ki te Wāhanga 5(a)(1) o ngā Whakaritenga Whānui mō ngā Kawenga a te OSHA, me tautuhi me te whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga o te wāhi mahi e ngā kaitukumahi. Ko te tikanga me pupuri e ngā kaitukumahi ngā tuhinga e tohu ana i ngā tūponotanga katoa (puehu) i puta i roto i ō rātou whare. Mena he mura, he pahū hoki te puehu, me whakahaere te whakahaere puehu i runga anō i ngā paerewa o te National Fire Protection Association, ki te kore, me pupuri ngā tuhinga tirotiro.
Ka whakatakotohia hoki e te OSHA ngā paepae PEL mō ngā parahanga matūriki e rere ana i te rangi mai i te whakarewa me te mahi whakarewa. Ko ēnei PEL e hangai ana i te toharite taumaha-wā 8-hāora o ngā rau puehu, tae atu ki ngā mea kei roto i ngā auahi whakarewa me te mahi whakarewa kua whakarārangihia i roto i te ripanga PEL kua Whakarārangihia. Ina whakaatuhia e te aroturukitanga hau tuatahi ngā taumata pānga ki runga ake i ngā taumata mahi, me whakatinana e ngā kaiwhakahaere whare ētahi atu whakaritenga i raro i te OSHA.
E ai ki te kōrero, ka taea e te paowa te whakapataritari i ngā kanohi me te kiri. Heoi, me tūpato hoki koe ki ngā pānga paitini.
Ka taea e ngā matūriki (PM) he 10 maikorona te whānui, iti iho rānei (≤ PM10) te tae ki te ara manawa, ko ngā matūriki ia 2.5 maikorona te whānui, iti iho rānei (≤ PM2.5) ka taea te uru hohonu ki roto i ngā pukahukahu. Ko ngā matūriki e taea te manawa he 1.0 maikorona te whānui, iti iho rānei (≤ PM1) ka nui ake te kino nā te mea ka taea e rātou te uru ki te arai pukahukahu ka uru ki te pūnaha toto.
Mā te pānga auau ki te PM ka nui ake te mōrearea o ngā mate manawa, tae atu ki te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu. He maha ngā matūriki mai i te whakarewa me te mahi whakarewa kei roto i tēnei awhe mōrearea, ā, ka rerekē te āhua me te kaha o te mōrearea i runga i te momo rauemi e tukatukahia ana. Ahakoa he kowiri tira, he maitai ngawari, he konumohe, he mea whakarewa, he rauemi rānei, he tīmatanga pai ngā pepa raraunga haumaru rauemi mō te tautuhi i ngā mōrearea hauora.
Ko te konupūmā te konganuku matua o te waea whakarewa, ā, ka pāngia e te ānini, te ngenge, te ngoikore me te ngoikore. Ka pāngia pea te pūnaha io e te roanga o te wā e pāngia ana e te kohu konupūmā.
Ko te pānga ki te chromium hexavalent (hexavalent chromium), he matū whakaputa mate pukupuku e puta ana i te wā e whakarewahia ana ngā konganuku kei roto te chromium, ka pāngia pea e te mate manawa o runga me te riri o ngā kanohi, o te kiri rānei mō te wā poto.
Ka taea e te waikura konutea mai i te mahi wera o te maitai piauau te whakaputa i te kirika paowa whakarewa, he mate wā poto me ngā tohu rewharewha kino i muri i ngā hāora kore mahi, pērā i te mutunga wiki, i muri rānei i ngā hararei.
Mena kei a koe tētahi pūnaha whakahaere auahi, me āta aroturuki tō toa mō ngā āhuatanga e tohu ana kāore e mahi tika ana, pērā i ngā kapua auahi e matotoru haere ana i te roanga o te rā.
Ko ngā tohu me ngā āhuatanga o te pānga ki te beryllium ko te poto o te manawa, te mare, te ngenge, te hekenga taumaha, te kirika, me te werawera i te pō.
I roto i ngā mahi whakarewa me te tapahi wera, mā te pūnaha tango puehu i hoahoatia pai, i tiakina hoki, ka ārai i ngā raruraru manawa o ngā kaimahi, ā, ka pupuri hoki i ngā whare kia tutuki i ngā whakaritenga kounga hau o nāianei.
Āe. Ka taea e te hau paowa te pani i ngā whakawhiti wera me ngā koiri whakamatao, ka hiahiatia he tiaki auau mō ngā pūnaha HVAC. Ka taea e ngā koiri whakarewa te uru ki roto i ngā tātari HVAC paerewa, ka pakaru ngā pūnaha whakamahana, ka ārai hoki i ngā koiri whakatōtō hauhautanga. Ka nui te utu mō te mahi tonu i tētahi pūnaha HVAC, engari ka taea e tētahi pūnaha kore mahi te hanga āhuatanga morearea mō ngā kaimahi.
He ture haumaru māmā engari he mea nui ko te whakakapi i te tātari puehu i mua i te nui rawa. Whakakapia te tātari mēnā ka kite koe i tētahi o ēnei e whai ake nei:
Ka taea e ētahi tātari kātere roa te ora te oma mō ngā tau e rua, neke atu rānei i waenga i ngā whakawhiti. Heoi, ko ngā tono he nui te puehu me huri pinepine i ngā tātari.
Mā te whiriwhiri i te tātari whakakapinga tika mō tō kaikohi kātere ka pā nui ki te utu me te mahi a te pūnaha. Kia tūpato i te wā e hoko ana i ngā tātari whakakapinga mō tō kaikohi kātere - kāore e rite katoa ngā tātari.
He maha ngā wā ka noho ko te utu pai rawa atu hei utu mō ngā kaihoko. Heoi, ehara te utu rārangi i te aratohu pai mō te hoko tātari kātere.
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te tiaki i a koe me ō kaimahi mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha kohikohi puehu tika ka āwhina nui i te tipu o tō pakihi iti me te rahi.
Ko te WELDER, i mua ko Practical Welding Today, e whakaatu ana i ngā tāngata tūturu e hanga ana i ngā hua e whakamahia ana e tātou, e mahi tahi ana hoki i ia rā, i ia rā. Neke atu i te 20 tau tēnei maheni e mahi ana ki te hapori whakarewa i Amerika Te Raki.
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