Kusamalira fumbi bwino kungakhale kovuta kwa masitolo ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakatikati. Pansipa pali mayankho a mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri ndi oyang'anira masitolo ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati okhudza kusamalira mpweya wabwino. Getty Images
Kuwotcherera, kudula plasma, ndi kudula pogwiritsa ntchito laser kumatulutsa utsi, womwe nthawi zambiri umatchedwa utsi, womwe umakhala ndi tinthu ta fumbi tomwe timapangidwa ndi zinthu zazing'ono zouma. Fumbi limeneli lingathe kuchepetsa ubwino wa mpweya, kukwiyitsa maso kapena khungu, kuwononga mapapo, komanso kukhala ngozi likakhazikika pamwamba.
Utsi wopangira utsi ukhoza kukhala ndi lead oxide, iron oxide, nickel, manganese, mkuwa, chromium, cadmium ndi zinc oxide. Njira zina zowotcherera zimapanganso mpweya woopsa monga nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide ndi ozoni.
Kusamalira bwino fumbi ndi utsi kuntchito n'kofunika kwambiri kuti antchito anu, zida zanu ndi malo anu azikhala otetezeka. Njira yabwino yopezera fumbi ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yosonkhanitsira fumbi yomwe imachotsa mumlengalenga, kuitulutsa panja, ndikubwezeretsa mpweya wabwino m'nyumba.
Komabe, kusamalira fumbi moyenera kungakhale kovuta kwa masitolo ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakatikati chifukwa cha mtengo wake komanso zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri. Zina mwa malo amenewa zimayesa kulamulira fumbi ndi utsi paokha, poganiza kuti masitolo awo safuna njira yosonkhanitsira fumbi.
Kaya mukuyamba kumene kapena mwakhala mukuchita bizinesi kwa zaka zambiri, mungakhale ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa mayankho a mafunso omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri ndi oyang'anira masitolo ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati okhudza kasamalidwe ka mpweya wabwino.
Choyamba, pangani ndondomeko yochepetsera chiopsezo pa thanzi lanu komanso kuchepetsa ngozi. Mwachitsanzo, kuwunika ukhondo wa mafakitale kudzakuthandizani kuzindikira zinthu zoopsa mu fumbi ndikuwona kuchuluka kwa ngozi zomwe zingachitike. Kuwunikaku kuyenera kuphatikizapo kuwunika malo anu kuti muwonetsetse kuti mukukwaniritsa malire ovomerezeka a Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) a fumbi lopangidwa ndi pulogalamu yanu.
Funsani ogulitsa zida zochotsera fumbi ngati angakulangizeni katswiri wa zaukhondo wa mafakitale kapena kampani yoona za chilengedwe yodziwa bwino ntchito yozindikira fumbi ndi utsi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira zitsulo.
Ngati mukubwezeretsanso mpweya woyera ku malo anu, onetsetsani kuti uli pansi pa malire ogwirira ntchito omwe akhazikitsidwa ndi OSHA PEL pazinthu zodetsa. Ngati mutulutsa mpweya panja, kumbukirani kuti muyenera kutsatira miyezo ya Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants.
Pomaliza, popanga makina anu ochotsera fumbi, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mwapanga malo otetezeka ogwirira ntchito olumikizira fumbi motsatira mfundo zitatu za kuchotsa fumbi ndi utsi: kugwira, kunyamula, ndi kusunga. Kapangidwe kameneka nthawi zambiri kamakhala ndi mtundu wina wa chogwirira utsi, njira yolumikizira utsi mpaka pamalo ogwirira, kukula bwino kwa ma ducts obwerera ku chosonkhanitsa, ndikusankha fan yomwe imatha kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa makina ndi kusasunthika.
Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha chosonkhanitsira fumbi la ma cartridges omwe ali kunja kwa malo osonkerera. Chithunzi: Camfil APC
Dongosolo losonkhanitsira fumbi lomwe lapangidwira ntchito yanu ndi lowongolera lodziwika bwino komanso lodziwika bwino lomwe limagwira, limapereka komanso lili ndi zoipitsa mpweya zovulaza. Zosonkhanitsira fumbi zouma zokhala ndi zosefera za makatiriji zogwira ntchito bwino komanso zosefera zina ndizoyenera kugwira tinthu ta fumbi tomwe timapumira.
Makina ojambulira magwero ndi otchuka kwambiri pa ntchito zokhudzana ndi kuwotcherera zigawo zazing'ono ndi zida zina. Kawirikawiri, zimaphatikizapo mfuti zotulutsira utsi (zokoka), manja osinthasintha otulutsira utsi, ndi ma hood otchingidwa kapena ma hood ang'onoang'ono otulutsira utsi okhala ndi zishango zam'mbali. Izi nthawi zambiri zimasinthidwa kuti zikhale zogwirizana ndi ntchito popanda kusokoneza kwambiri ntchito.
Makhoma ndi zophimba denga nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo okhala ndi mapazi a mapazi 12 m'lifupi ndi 20 kapena kuchepera. Makope kapena makoma olimba amatha kuwonjezeredwa m'mbali mwa hood kuti apange chipinda kapena khola. Pankhani ya maselo olumikizirana a robotic, nthawi zambiri n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito khola lonse mozungulira pulogalamuyo. Izi zimagwira ntchito pa maloboti olumikizirana a single-and dual-arm ndi maloboti odulira plasma ambiri.
Ngati ntchito yanu sikugwirizana ndi malangizo omwe atchulidwa kale, dongosolo loteteza chilengedwe lingapangidwe kuti lichotse utsi m'malo ambiri, ngati si onse. Kumbukirani kuti pamene mukuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopezera utsi, malo obisika ndi malo osungira utsi mpaka malo osungira mpweya, mpweya wofunikira umawonjezeka kwambiri, komanso mtengo wa dongosololi umawonjezeka.
Masitolo ambiri ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati amayankha pokhapokha atayesa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzipangira okha ndalama, monga kutsegula zitseko ndi mawindo ndikupanga makina awoawo otulutsa utsi, kuti alamulire utsi. Vuto ndilakuti utsi woipa umakhala vuto lalikulu ndipo umakonda kuwononga njirazi pomwe ukuwonjezera ndalama zamagetsi kapena kupanga kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe kumawopseza malo opangira magetsi.
Chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kuchita ndikupeza komwe mavuto ambiri amapezeka m'chipinda chanu. Izi zitha kukhala utsi wa patebulo la plasma, kupukuta arc pogwiritsa ntchito manja, kapena kuwotcherera pa benchi logwirira ntchito. Kuchokera pamenepo, yambani ndi njira yomwe imatulutsa utsi wambiri kaye. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa utsi womwe umatulutsa, makina onyamulika angakuthandizeni kudutsa.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera kukhudzana ndi utsi woopsa kwa ogwira ntchito ndikugwira ntchito ndi wopanga fumbi wabwino kwambiri yemwe angakuthandizeni kuzindikira ndikupanga njira yapadera ya malo anu. Kawirikawiri, izi zimaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa njira yosonkhanitsira fumbi yokhala ndi fyuluta ya cartridge yoyamba ndi fyuluta yachiwiri yotetezeka yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.
Zipangizo zoyambira zosefera zomwe mungasankhe pa ntchito iliyonse ziyenera kutengera kukula kwa tinthu ta fumbi, momwe timayendera, kuchuluka kwake, ndi kufalikira kwake. Zipangizo zowunikira chitetezo chachiwiri, monga zosefera za HEPA, zimawonjezera mphamvu yogwira tinthu kufika pa 0.3 microns kapena kuposerapo (kutengera kuchuluka kwa PM1) ndikuletsa utsi woipa kuti usatuluke mumlengalenga ngati fyuluta yoyamba yalephera.
Ngati muli kale ndi njira yoyendetsera utsi, yang'anirani mosamala sitolo yanu kuti mudziwe ngati ikugwira ntchito bwino. Zizindikiro zina zochenjeza ndi izi:
Samalani ndi mitambo ya utsi yomwe imakhuthala ndi kupendekera mlengalenga tsiku lonse mutagwiritsa ntchito chowotcherera. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa utsi sikutanthauza kuti makina anu ochotsera zinthu sakugwira ntchito bwino, kungatanthauze kuti mwapitirira mphamvu ya makina anu omwe alipo. Ngati mwawonjezera kupanga posachedwapa, mungafunike kuwunikanso momwe makina anu akugwirira ntchito ndikusintha kuti agwirizane ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito.
Kusamalira bwino fumbi ndi utsi ndikofunikira kwambiri pa chitetezo cha antchito anu, zida zanu, ndi malo ogwirira ntchito.
Pomaliza, nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kumvetsera, kuyang'anitsitsa, ndikufunsa mafunso antchito anu. Angakudziwitseni ngati njira zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito panopa zikuwongolera bwino fumbi m'malo anu ndikukupatsani malingaliro amomwe mungakonzere.
Malamulo a OSHA a mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono akhoza kukhala ovuta, makamaka pankhani yodziwa malamulo omwe muyenera kutsatira komanso omwe simuyenera kutsatira. Nthawi zambiri, masitolo ang'onoang'ono amaganiza kuti akhoza kunyalanyazidwa ndi malamulo a OSHA—mpaka wantchito akudandaula. Tiyeni timveke bwino: Kunyalanyaza malamulo sikuchotsa zoopsa pa thanzi la antchito.
Malinga ndi Gawo 5(a)(1) la Malamulo a Udindo wa OSHA, olemba ntchito ayenera kuzindikira ndikuchepetsa zoopsa kuntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kuti olemba ntchito ayenera kusunga zolemba zozindikiritsa zoopsa zonse (fumbi) zomwe zimachitika m'malo awo. Ngati fumbi likuyaka komanso likuphulika, kuyang'anira fumbi kuyenera kuchitika motsatira miyezo ya National Fire Protection Association, ngati sichoncho, zolemba zowunikira ziyenera kusungidwa.
OSHA imakhazikitsanso malire a PEL a zinthu zowononga mpweya zomwe zimachokera ku kuwotcherera ndi kupanga zitsulo. Ma PEL awa amachokera pa avareji ya maola 8 ya fumbi mazana ambiri, kuphatikizapo lomwe lili mu utsi wowotcherera ndi kupanga zitsulo zomwe zalembedwa patebulo la Annotated PEL. Pamene kuyang'anira mpweya koyamba kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zikuchitika, ogwira ntchito m'malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zofunikira zina pansi pa OSHA.
Monga tanenera, utsi ungakwiyitse maso ndi khungu. Komabe, muyeneranso kudziwa za zotsatirapo zoopsa kwambiri.
Tinthu tating'onoting'ono (PM) tokhala ndi mainchesi 10 kapena kuchepera (≤ PM10) tingafike m'njira yopumira, pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mainchesi 2.5 kapena kuchepera (≤ PM2.5) tingalowe mkati mwa mapapo. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapuma tokhala ndi mainchesi 1.0 kapena kuchepera (≤ PM1) timawononga kwambiri chifukwa timatha kulowa m'mapapo ndikulowa m'magazi.
Kukumana ndi PM nthawi zonse kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda opuma, kuphatikizapo khansa ya m'mapapo. Tinthu tambiri tomwe timachokera ku kuwotcherera ndi kupanga zitsulo timagwera mkati mwa ngozi izi, ndipo mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa ngoziyi zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zikukonzedwa. Kaya mukugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo chofatsa, aluminiyamu, galvanized, kapena zinthu zina, mapepala azidziwitso zachitetezo cha zinthu ndi malo abwino oyambira kuzindikira zoopsa paumoyo.
Manganese ndiye chitsulo chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu waya wowotcherera ndipo chingayambitse mutu, kutopa, kusakhazikika maganizo komanso kufooka. Kutenga nthawi yayitali utsi wa manganese kungayambitse mavuto a mitsempha.
Kukumana ndi hexavalent chromium (hexavalent chromium), khansa yomwe imachitika panthawi yolumikiza zitsulo zomwe zili ndi chromium, kungayambitse matenda a kupuma kwa nthawi yochepa komanso kuyabwa kwa maso kapena khungu.
Zinc oxide yochokera ku chitsulo chotentha chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi galvanized steel ingayambitse matenda a fume fever achitsulo, matenda a kanthawi kochepa omwe amakhala ndi zizindikiro zoopsa ngati chimfine mukatha kugwira ntchito, monga kumapeto kwa sabata kapena tchuthi.
Ngati muli kale ndi njira yoyendetsera utsi, yang'anirani sitolo yanu mosamala kuti mudziwe ngati zinthu sizikuyenda bwino, monga mitambo ya utsi yomwe imakhuthala tsiku lonse.
Zizindikiro za kukhala ndi beryllium zitha kuphatikizapo kupuma movutikira, chifuwa, kutopa, kuchepa thupi, malungo, ndi thukuta usiku.
Mu ntchito zowotcherera ndi kudula kutentha, njira yotulutsira fumbi yokonzedwa bwino komanso yosamaliridwa bwino imateteza mavuto opuma kwa ogwira ntchito ndipo imasunga malo ogwirira ntchito motsatira zofunikira pakali pano pa khalidwe la mpweya.
Inde. Mpweya wodzaza ndi utsi ukhoza kuphimba zosinthira kutentha ndi ma coil ozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma HVAC azifunikira kukonzedwa pafupipafupi. Utsi wothira ungalowe mu zosefera za HVAC, kupangitsa kuti ma heatsink alephereke ndikutseka ma coil oziziritsa mpweya. Kupitiliza ntchito kwa ma HVAC system kumatha kukhala kokwera mtengo, koma makina osagwira ntchito bwino angapangitse antchito kukhala ndi mavuto.
Lamulo losavuta koma lofunika kwambiri lachitetezo ndikusintha fyuluta ya fumbi isanayambe kuuma kwambiri. Sinthani fyuluta ngati muwona chilichonse mwa izi:
Mafyuluta ena a cartridge omwe amakhala ndi moyo wautali amatha kugwira ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri kapena kuposerapo pakati pa kusintha. Komabe, mapulogalamu okhala ndi fumbi lolemera nthawi zambiri amafunikira kusintha kwa fyuluta pafupipafupi.
Kusankha fyuluta yoyenera yosinthira cartridge yanu kungathandize kwambiri pa mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito a dongosololi. Samalani mukamagula fyuluta yosinthira cartridge yanu - si mafyuluta onse omwe ndi ofanana.
Kawirikawiri, ogula amakhala ndi mtengo wabwino kwambiri. Komabe, mtengo wolembedwa si chitsogozo chabwino kwambiri chogulira fyuluta ya katiriji.
Ponseponse, kuteteza inu ndi antchito anu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera yosonkhanitsira fumbi kudzathandiza kwambiri bizinesi yanu yaying'ono mpaka yapakatikati kuti ikule bwino.
WELDER, yomwe kale inali Practical Welding Today, ikuwonetsa anthu enieni omwe amapanga zinthu zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito komanso zomwe timagwira ntchito nazo tsiku lililonse. Magazini iyi yakhala ikutumikira anthu ogwiritsira ntchito welding ku North America kwa zaka zoposa 20.
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