Gucunga neza ivumbi bishobora kuba ikibazo ku maduka mato kugeza ku manini. Hasi aha hari ibisubizo by'ibibazo bikunze kubazwa n'abayobozi b'amaduka mato n'aciriritse asudira ku bijyanye no gucunga ubuziranenge bw'umwuka. Getty Images
Gusudira, gukata plasma, no gukata hakoreshejwe laser bisohora imyuka, ikunze kwitwa imyuka, igizwe n'uduce tw'umukungugu wo mu kirere tugizwe n'ibintu bito byumye. Uyu mukungugu ushobora kugabanya ubuziranenge bw'umwuka, ukabangamira amaso cyangwa uruhu, ukangiza ibihaha, kandi ukaba akaga iyo uhagaze ku buso.
Gutunganya imyuka bishobora kuba birimo okiside y’ubutare, okiside y’icyuma, nikeli, manganese, umuringa, chromium, cadmium na okiside ya zinc. Hari uburyo bwo gusudira butanga kandi imyuka y’uburozi nka azote dioxyde, monoxide ya karuboni na ozone.
Gucunga neza ivumbi n'imyotsi mu kazi ni ingenzi ku mutekano w'abakozi bawe, ibikoresho byawe n'ibidukikije. Uburyo bwiza bwo gufata ivumbi ni ugukoresha uburyo bwo kurikusanya buyikura mu kirere, bukayisohora hanze, hanyuma bukagarura umwuka mwiza mu nzu.
Ariko, gucunga neza ivumbi bishobora kuba imbogamizi ku maduka mato kugeza ku manini bitewe n'ikiguzi n'ibindi byihutirwa. Bimwe muri ibi bigo bizagerageza kugenzura ivumbi n'imyotsi ubwabyo, mu gihe amaduka yabyo adakeneye uburyo bwo gukusanya ivumbi.
Waba ugitangira cyangwa umaze imyaka myinshi ukora ubucuruzi, ushobora kuba ushishikajwe no kumenya ibisubizo by'ibibazo bikunze kubazwa n'abayobozi b'amaduka mato n'aciriritse asudira ku bijyanye no gucunga ubuziranenge bw'umwuka.
Ubwa mbere, tegura gahunda yo kugabanya ingaruka ku buzima no kugabanya ingaruka. Urugero, isuzuma ry'isuku mu nganda rizagufasha kumenya ibintu byangiza mu mukungugu no kumenya urwego rw'ingaruka. Iri suzuma rigomba kuba rikubiyemo gusuzuma ikigo cyawe kugira ngo urebe ko wujuje ibisabwa n'Ikigo gishinzwe umutekano n'ubuzima (OSHA) ku bice by'umukungugu byakozwe n'ikoreshwa ryawe.
Baza umucuruzi wawe w’ibikoresho byo gukuramo ivumbi niba ashobora kukubwira umuhanga mu by’isuku mu nganda cyangwa ikigo cy’ubuhanga mu by’ibidukikije gifite uburambe mu kumenya ivumbi n’imyotsi byihariye mu nganda zikora ibyuma.
Niba urimo gusubiza umwuka mwiza mu kigo cyawe, menya neza ko uguma munsi y’umurongo ntarengwa washyizweho na OSHA PEL ku bintu byanduye. Niba usohora umwuka hanze, ibuka ko ugomba kubahiriza amahame y’igihugu agenga Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) ku bihumanya ikirere.
Hanyuma, mu gihe ushushanya sisitemu yawe yo gukuramo ivumbi, ugomba kwemeza ko washyizeho ahantu ho gusudira hizewe hakurikijwe ingingo eshatu zo gukuramo ivumbi no gukuramo ivumbi: gufata, gutwara, no kubika. Iyi miterere isanzwe ikubiyemo ubwoko bw'agapfundikizo ko gufata ivumbi, gufata imiyoboro kugeza aho ifata, gupima neza imiyoboro igaruka ku gikoresho gikusanya ivumbi, no guhitamo umufana ushobora kwihanganira ingano ya sisitemu no kudahinduka.
Uru ni urugero rw'icyuma gikusanya ivumbi ry'inganda giherereye hanze y'ikigo cyo gusudira. Ishusho: Camfil APC
Sisitemu yo gukusanya ivumbi yagenewe akazi kawe ni uburyo bwemewe kandi bwemewe bwo kugenzura imiterere y’ikirere bufata, bugatanga kandi bugashyiramo imyuka yangiza ikirere. Imashini zo gukusanya ivumbi ryumye zifite filteri zifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru hamwe na filteri z’inyongera zikwiriye gufata uduce tw’ivumbi dushobora guhumeka.
Uburyo bwo gufata amasoko buzwi cyane mu bikorwa birimo gusudira ibice bito n'ibikoresho. Ubusanzwe, birimo imbunda zikuramo umwuka (amapine yo gukurura umwuka), amaboko yoroshye yo gukuramo umwuka, n'udupfundikizo tw'umuriro dufite imigozi cyangwa udupfundikizo duto two gukuramo umwuka dufite ingabo zo ku ruhande. Ibi akenshi bihindurwa kugira ngo bibe byihariye ku buryo nta kintu na kimwe cyabangamira imikorere y'akazi.
Udukingirizo n'ibifuniko by'inyuma bikunze gukoreshwa ahantu hari uburebure bwa metero 12 kuri metero 20 cyangwa munsi yatwo. Amatafari cyangwa inkuta zikomeye zishobora kongerwa ku mpande z'agapfundikizo kugira ngo habeho igice cyangwa agapfundikizo. Mu gihe cy'uturemangingo twa roboti dukoreshwa mu gusudira, akenshi birashoboka gukoresha agapfundikizo kuzuye hejuru no hirya no hino y'aho bikorerwa. Ibi bireba roboti zo gusudira zifite amaboko amwe n'abiri hamwe na roboti zo gukata plasma zifite umurongo munini.
Iyo porogaramu yawe idahuye n'inama zavuzwe mbere, sisitemu yo kubungabunga ibidukikije ishobora gutegurwa kugira ngo ikure umwotsi muri rusange, niba atari muri icyo kigo cyose. Wibuke ko uko ugenda uva ku gufata aho amazi aturuka, aho afungirwa n'aho aturuka kugeza ku gukusanya umwuka ukenewe, umwuka ukenewe wiyongera cyane, kimwe n'igiciro cya sisitemu.
Amaduka menshi mato n'aciriritse akunze gusubiza ibibazo gusa nyuma yo kugerageza gukoresha uburyo bwo gukora ibintu mu buryo bwo kuzigama amafaranga, nko gufungura inzugi n'amadirishya no gukora sisitemu zazo zo gusohora imyuka, kugira ngo zigenzure umwotsi. Ikibazo ni uko imyuka mibi iba ikibazo gikomeye kandi ikunda kurenza ubwo buryo mu gihe yongera ikiguzi cy'ingufu cyangwa igateza igitutu kibi gikomeye mu kigo.
Ikintu cya mbere ugomba gukora ni ukumenya aho ibibazo bikunze kubaho mu kigo cyawe. Ibi bishobora kuba imyuka yo mu ibara rya plasma, gutobora arc, cyangwa gusudira ku ntebe yo gukoreramo. Kuva aho, banza ushake inzira isohora umwotsi mwinshi. Bitewe n'ingano y'umwotsi uturuka, sisitemu igendanwa ishobora kugufasha kubigeraho.
Uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya imyuka mibi ihumanya abakozi ni ugukorana n'uruganda rwiza rukusanya ivumbi rushobora kugufasha kumenya no gukora sisitemu yihariye y'ikigo cyawe. Ubusanzwe, ibi birimo gushyiraho sisitemu yo gukusanya ivumbi irimo akayunguruzo k'ibanze k'imashini n'akayunguruzo k'umutekano gakomeye.
Uburyo bw'ibanze bwo kuyungurura uhitamo kuri buri porogaramu bugomba gushingira ku bunini bw'uduce tw'umukungugu, imiterere y'amazi atemba, ingano n'uburyo dukwirakwira. Uduce tw'ibanze two kugenzura umutekano, nka HEPA filters, twongera ubushobozi bwo gufata uduce kugeza kuri mikoroni 0.3 cyangwa zirenga (gufata igipimo kinini cya PM1) kandi tukarinda imyuka mibi gusohoka mu kirere mu gihe filters y'ibanze yangiritse.
Niba usanzwe ufite uburyo bwo gucunga umwotsi, genzura neza ububiko bwawe kugira ngo urebe niba hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko budakora neza. Bimwe mu bimenyetso by'umuburo birimo:
Itondere ibicu by'umwotsi birushaho kwiyongera kandi bikanikira mu kirere umunsi wose nyuma y'igikorwa cyawe cyo gusudira. Ariko, ubwinshi bw'umwotsi ntibivuze ko sisitemu yawe yo gukuramo ibintu idakora neza, bishobora gusobanura ko warenze ubushobozi bwa sisitemu yawe iriho ubu. Niba uherutse kongera umusaruro, ushobora gukenera kongera gusuzuma imiterere yawe iriho ubu no gukora impinduka kugira ngo uhuze n'ubwiyongere bw'ibikorwa.
Gucunga neza ivumbi n'imyotsi ni ingenzi cyane ku mutekano w'abakozi bawe, ibikoresho byawe n'aho bakorera.
Hanyuma, ni ngombwa gutega amatwi, kwitegereza no kubaza abakozi bawe. Bashobora kukumenyesha niba imashini zawe zigenzura imikorere y’ubuhanga zicunga neza ivumbi mu kigo cyawe no gutanga inama ku byo ukeneye kunoza.
Amategeko ya OSHA ku bucuruzi buto ashobora kugorana, cyane cyane iyo bigeze ku kumenya amategeko ugomba gukurikiza n'ayo utemerewe gukurikiza. Akenshi, amaduka mato mato bibwira ko ashobora kunyura mu mategeko ya OSHA—kugeza igihe umukozi yitotombeye. Reka tuvuge neza: Kwirengagiza amabwiriza ntibikuraho ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw'abakozi.
Dukurikije Ingingo ya 5 (a) (1) y'Inshingano Rusange za OSHA, abakoresha bagomba kumenya no kugabanya ibyago byo mu kazi. Ibi bivuze ko abakoresha bagomba kubika inyandiko zigaragaza ibyago byose (umukungugu) bikomoka mu bigo byabo. Niba umukungugu ushobora gushya kandi ukaturika, gucunga umukungugu bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amahame y'Ishyirahamwe ry'Igihugu rishinzwe Kurinda Inkongi z'Umuriro, bitabaye ibyo, inyandiko z'igenzura zigomba kubikwa.
OSHA kandi ishyiraho ibipimo bya PEL ku binyabutabire bihumanya ikirere biva mu gusudira no gukora ibyuma. Izi PEL zishingiye ku mpuzandengo y'amasaha 8 y'ivumbi ripima amagana, harimo n'iri mu byuka byo gusudira no gukora ibyuma byanditse mu mbonerahamwe ya PEL ya Annotated. Iyo igenzura ry'ikirere rya mbere rigaragaje ko urwego rw'ibyuka ruri hejuru y'urwego rw'ibikorwa, abakora mu bigo bagomba gushyira mu bikorwa ibisabwa na OSHA.
Nkuko byavuzwe, umwotsi ushobora gukurura amaso n'uruhu. Ariko, ugomba no kumenya ingaruka mbi z'uburozi.
Uduce duto (PM) dufite umurambararo wa mikoroni 10 cyangwa munsi yatwo (≤ PM10) dushobora kugera mu nzira y'ubuhumekero, mu gihe utwo duce duto twa mikoroni 2.5 cyangwa munsi yatwo (≤ PM2.5) dushobora kwinjira mu bihaha cyane. Uduce duhumeka dufite umurambararo wa mikoroni 1.0 cyangwa munsi yatwo (≤ PM1) twangiza byinshi kuko dushobora kwinjira mu muyoboro w'ibihaha no kwinjira mu maraso.
Guhura na PM buri gihe byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'ubuhumekero, harimo na kanseri y'ibihaha. Uduce twinshi duturuka mu gusudira no gukora ibyuma turi muri urwo rwego rw'ibyago, kandi imiterere n'uburemere bw'ibyago bizatandukana bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibikoresho biri gutunganywa. Waba ukoresha icyuma kitagira umugese, icyuma cyoroshye, aluminiyumu, galvanized, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho, impapuro z'amakuru ku mutekano w'ibikoresho ni ahantu heza ho gutangirira kumenya ingaruka ku buzima.
Manganese ni icyuma cy'ingenzi mu nsinga zo gusudira kandi gishobora gutera kuribwa umutwe, umunaniro, gucika intege no gucika intege. Kumara igihe kirekire umwotsi wa manganese bishobora gutera ibibazo byo mu bwonko.
Guhura na chromium ifite uburebure bwa hexavalent (chromium ifite uburebure bwa hexavalent), kanseri iterwa no gusudira ibyuma birimo chromium, bishobora gutera indwara z'ubuhumekero bw'igihe gito ndetse no kubabara amaso cyangwa uruhu.
Okiside ya zinki ikomoka ku bushyuhe bw'icyuma gishyushye ishobora gutera umuriro w'umuriro w'icyuma, indwara y'igihe gito ifite ibimenyetso bikomeye nk'ibicurane nyuma yo kuva ku kazi, nko mu mpera z'icyumweru cyangwa nyuma y'ibiruhuko.
Niba usanzwe ufite uburyo bwo gucunga umwotsi, genzura neza ububiko bwawe kugira ngo urebe niba hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko budakora neza, urugero nk'ibicu by'umwotsi byiyongera umunsi wose.
Ibimenyetso by'uko umuntu yanduye beryllium bishobora kuba birimo kubura umwuka, inkorora, umunaniro, kugabanya ibiro, umuriro, no kubira ibyuya nijoro.
Mu bikorwa byo gusudira no gukata ubushyuhe, uburyo bwo gukuramo ivumbi bwakozwe neza kandi bubungabunzwe burinda ibibazo by'ubuhumekero ku bakozi kandi bugatuma ibikoresho bikurikiza ibisabwa ubu.
Yego. Umwotsi wuzuyemo umwotsi ushobora gutwikira ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe n'imiyoboro ikonjesha, bigatuma sisitemu za HVAC zikenera kubungabungwa kenshi. Imyuka yo gusudira ishobora kwinjira mu byuma bipima HVAC bisanzwe, bigatuma sisitemu zishyushya zinanirwa kandi igafunga imiyoboro ifungana. Gukomeza gukoresha sisitemu ya HVAC bishobora guhenda, ariko sisitemu idakora neza ishobora guteza akaga abakozi.
Itegeko ryoroshye ariko ry'ingenzi mu by'umutekano ni ugusimbuza akayunguruzo k'umukungugu mbere yuko kaba kenshi cyane. Simbuza akayunguruzo niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bikurikira:
Hari filter za cartridge ziramba zishobora kumara imyaka ibiri cyangwa irenga hagati y’impinduka. Ariko, porogaramu zifite umukungugu mwinshi akenshi zisaba impinduka nyinshi za filter.
Guhitamo icyuma gisimbura cartridge collector gikwiye bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku giciro n'imikorere ya sisitemu. Witondere igihe uguze filters zisimbura cartridge collector yawe - si filters zose zimeze kimwe.
Akenshi, abaguzi bahora bafite agaciro keza. Ariko, igiciro cy'urutonde si cyo gifasha mu kugura icyuma gikoresha karito.
Muri rusange, kurinda wowe n'abakozi bawe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwiza bwo gukusanya ivumbi bizafasha cyane ubucuruzi bwawe buto n'ubuciriritse gutera imbere.
WELDER, yahoze ari Practical Welding Today, yerekana abantu nyakuri bakora ibikoresho dukoresha kandi dukorana na bo buri munsi. Iki kinyamakuru kimaze imyaka irenga 20 gikorera umuryango w’abasudira muri Amerika ya Ruguru.
Ubu hamwe n'uburyo bwose bwo kubona igitabo cya The FABRICATOR gikoresha ikoranabuhanga, byoroshye kubona ibikoresho by'agaciro by'inganda.
Ikinyamakuru The Tube & Pipe Journal cyo kuri interineti ubu kiraboneka neza, gitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona ibikoresho by'agaciro by'inganda.
Ishimire uburyo bwose bwo kubona STAMPING Journal yo mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, itanga iterambere rigezweho mu ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwiza bwo gukora ndetse n'amakuru y'inganda ku isoko ry'ubukorikori bw'ibyuma.
Ubu dufite uburenganzira bwose bwo kubona igitabo cy’ikoranabuhanga cyitwa The Fabricator en Español, kandi byoroshye kubona ibikoresho by’agaciro by’inganda.