Abanyabukorikori (Igifaransa: umunyabukorikori, Igitaliyani: artigiano) ni abanyabukorikori b'abahanga bakora cyangwa bagakora ibintu bishobora kuba ingirakamaro cyangwa imitako gusa. Abanyabukorikori batanu bo mu murima w'imizabibu bishingikiriza ku bukorikori badusangiza amakuru arambuye ku bukorikori bwabo, ndetse n'ibitekerezo byabo ku bukorikori n'ubukorikori.
Nari mfite impamyabumenyi mu by’ubukanishi, hanyuma nkora muri Gannon na Benjamin mu gihe cy’imyaka itanu nkora ubwato bw’ibiti, kandi byari bimeze nko kubona impamyabumenyi ya kabiri mu by’ubukanishi.
Nyuma ya Gannon na Benjamin, nakoranye n'abana b'inkozi z'ibibi mu ishuri rya Penikese Island, aho nari umuntu ukunda ibintu byinshi kuko akazi kanjye kari ako gushakisha imishinga yo gukorana n'abana. Ni ahantu hadafite ikoranabuhanga rihagije, hari amazi akonje n'amashanyarazi make cyane… Nahisemo ko nshaka kwinjira mu bucuzi bw'ibyuma kandi ubucuzi bw'ibyuma ni cyo kintu cyonyine cyari gisobanutse. Yasudiye imashini isanzwe maze atangira kuyikora. Uko ni ko byose byatangiriye muri Penikes, imashini ya mbere nakoze. Nakoraga ibikoresho by'umuringa byo mu bwato i Gannon na Benjamin. Nyuma gato yo kuva muri Penikese, nahisemo kugerageza gukora ibyuma igihe cyose muri Vineyard.
Nafashe icyemezo cyo kugerageza kuba umufundi w’ingufuri wikorera ku giti cye, maze mbona umusaruro mwiza muri Vineyard. Sinzi niba narabonye umutungo mwinshi, ariko ndi umuntu uhuze cyane kandi nishimira akazi kanjye. Sinkunda gukora ikintu kimwe kabiri. Buri murimo ufata indi mirimo. Mbifata nk'ibintu bitatu bitandukanye: imirimo ishimishije yo gushushanya - ibintu bifatika, gukemura ibibazo; guhanga udushya mu buhanzi; n'imirimo yoroshye - gusya, gukurura ubudodo, gucukura no gusudira. Bihuza neza ibi bintu bitatu.
Abakiriya banjye ni abakiriya bigenga, ibigo by'ubucuruzi n'abafite amazu. Byongeye kandi, nkunda gukorana n'abafatanyabikorwa n'abashinzwe kwita ku mazu. Nakoze imigozi myinshi ifite ubwoko bumwe. Abantu bashobora kugira ingazi, bashaka kumanuka ku ngazi mu mutekano, kandi bifuza ikintu cyiza. Nanone, amasosiyete manini y'ubwubatsi - mfite imirimo ibiri y'ingenzi cyane muri iki gihe, sisitemu z'ibyuma zigizwe n'ibice byinshi, kandi hari ibice bike bikeneye inzitiro kugira ngo abantu badagwa. Ikindi kintu nihariye ni ecran z'umuriro. By'umwihariko, nshyiraho inzugi ku ziko cyane. Vuba aha hari itegeko risaba inzugi ku ziko. Ibikoresho byanjye ni umuringa, icyuma gikozwe mu ibumba n'icyuma kitagira umuhengeri, hamwe n'umuringa n'umuringa.
Naherutse gushushanya indabyo za dogwood, morning glory, indabyo z'amaroza, ndetse nkora n'ibishishwa bya nautilus byo ku ziko. Nakoze ibishishwa byinshi bya scallop kandi imiterere yabyo biroroshye gukora kandi biraryoshye nk'indabyo z'amaroza. Mu by'ukuri ibishishwa ni byiza cyane, nubwo ari ubwoko bw'ibishishwa byinjira mu bishanga. Nakoze ibishishwa bibiri by'imitako mu bishishwa by'ibishanga kandi byari byiza cyane. Nkunda kugira insanganyamatsiko runaka - ntabwo buri gihe ikwiranye kandi ni inyamaswa kuruta ikimera. Nakoze uruzitiro rufite robine ku mpera zombi n'umurizo w'ifi ku mpera y'umuryango w'imbere. Hanyuma nakoze akazi keza cyane mu gihe gishize nkoresheje uruzitiro rufite umurizo w'ifi hasi hanyuma umutwe w'ifi hejuru.
Imigozi nakoreye ku ntera zo mu gikari i Edgartown n'izindi nyubako zo mu mujyi yari iy'umuringa. Igishushanyo cya nyuma cyitwa ururimi, umugozi urembera ku iherezo. Birumvikana ko ntavumbuye iyi miterere, ariko dore uko mbyumva. Umugozi ni ibikoresho byiza, bihenze kurusha icyuma gikozwe mu ibumba, ariko biramba neza, ntibisaba kubungabungwa cyane, kandi ni ibikoresho byiza cyane ku migozi aho amaboko aba yoroshye kandi asukuye mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha.
Hafi ya byose. Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu zituma nifata nk'umunyabugeni n'umunyabukorikori. Nta kintu na kimwe nigeze nkora, mbona ko ari ubugeni gusa. Niyo mpamvu nyuma y'imyaka ibiri naje kureba izo nkuta maze ndazikubita mbere kugira ngo ndebe uburyo zikomeye kandi ndebe ko zizagumaho. By'umwihariko, natekereje cyane ku kuzigira ingirakamaro uko bishoboka kose. Sinkeneye inkuta zo kuruhuka mu buzima bwanjye (twese turimo kwerekeza muri urwo rwego), ariko ndagerageza kwiyumvisha mu by'ukuri aho inkuta zo kuruhuka zagira akamaro cyane. Isano iri hagati y'inkuta zo kuruhuka n'urujya n'uruza rw'imodoka. Ingazi zo ku gasozi zizunguruka mu busitani bw'umuntu ni inzira itandukanye rwose yo gutekereza aho washyira inkuta nziza. Hanyuma utekereza abana biruka hirya no hino n'aho bizabakorera.
Uruvange rw'ibintu bibiri: Nkunda cyane inkingi z'ubutaka zigoramye kandi zigoramye aho hari ikibazo gikomeye cyo gushyiraho imiterere kugira ngo ibikoresho bikomeye by'icyuma bigende neza mu buryo bwiza kugira ngo bihure kandi bikore inkingi nziza kandi isa neza. . Ibi bintu byose.
Ubumenyi bw'imibare bw'inkingi zigoramye ni ikibazo gishimishije cyane… niba ushobora kubirengaho.
Naje muri iki kirwa mu myaka 44 ishize. Nakoze ubushakashatsi buto ku bikonoshwa byo mu nyanja maze mbona igitabo muri Martha's Vineyard cyitwa American Indian Money kivuga ku kamaro k'ibikonoshwa by'umuringa ku baturage kavukire bo ku nkombe z'iburasirazuba bwa Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'uburyo ibikonoshwa by'ibikonoshwa bikorwa. Wampum ifite ibisobanuro bitandukanye ku bantu batandukanye. Natangiye gukora ibikonoshwa bya wampum mu bikonoshwa bya quahog nabonye ku mucanga, ariko ntabwo ari ngombwa ko mbikoresha mu bikonoshwa by'inama, ari byo bikonoshwa gakondo by'Abanyamerika kavukire.
Ubwo nari mu kigero cy'imyaka 20, nakodesheje inzu muri Bentons maze mba mu rugo rwa Thomas Hart Benton i Aquinn kuri Herring Creek. Umuhungu wa Benton witwa Tippy atuye iruhande. Nari mfite injangwe nyinshi zo gukemura ikibazo cy'imbeba - cyari igitekerezo cya Tippy. Ni Charlie Witham, Keith Taylor nanjye - twafunguye akantu gato k'iminti mu rugo rwacu i Benton, dukora amasaro n'imitako mu buryo bwa kera.
Kubera ko nakomeje gukoresha amasaro n'imitako, nifuzaga cyane kujya mu Butaliyani, cyane cyane i Venise. Ku isabukuru yanjye y'imyaka 50 n'imyaka 50 y'umugabo wanjye Richard twagiye i Venise kandi nahumekewe n'amashusho n'amatafari yaho. Bigomba kuba byaratwaye ibinyejana byinshi - amabuye yose ahuzwa mu buryo buhambaye bw'amashusho y'indorerwamo - meza, hakoreshejwe amabara yose ya marble. Icyo gihe, nakoraga amashusho y'ingano y'imitako nkoresheje resin yanjye n'ibikonoshwa. Ariko kugira ngo nkore ikindi kintu: kubikora! Ngomba gushaka uburyo bwo gukora amatafari.
Hanyuma natumije amatafari ya biscuit yashaje ariko ntarangi. Nshobora kuyabakaho – aya ni amatafari yanjye. Nkunda gukoresha ibisuguti by'ukwezi, ibisuguti byo mu nyanja, ibirahuri byo mu nyanja, ibisuguti by'imbere, ibisuguti bya turquoise na abalone. Ubwa mbere, nzashaka amatafari… Nzakata imiterere y'amatafari nkayagorora uko bishoboka kose. Mfite umukero w'umutetsi ufite icyuma cya diyama. Nakoresheje umukero wanjye w'umutetsi kugira ngo nkate amacupa ya divayi kugira ngo abe manini uko bishoboka kose. Hanyuma nhitamo ibara nshaka. Nzavanga aya macupa yose ya epoxy n'irangi. Bintera inyota – ndabyifuza – ibara, ni ingenzi cyane.
Nkunda gutekereza ku bakora amatafari ya mbere muri Venise; kimwe n'ayabo, aya matafari arakomeye cyane. Nifuzaga ko ayanjye aba yoroshye cyane, bityo naciye ibikonoshwa byose bito cyane kandi nkuramo uduce duto tw'amatafari. Nyuma y'iminsi itanu yo gutegereza, amatafari yarakomeye maze nshobora kuyasya kugeza arangiye neza. Mfite ipine isya, igomba gusya inshuro eshatu cyangwa enye, hanyuma nkayasukura. Nzayita "umusenyi" hanyuma nshushanye igishushanyo cya "compass" gifite icyerekezo kimwe, cyangwa ingingo, kuri "compass".
Amatafari yanjye nyita "imitako yo mu rugo" kuko abantu bashobora gukoresha amatafari yanjye nk'insanganyamatsiko mu gikoni no mu bwiherero bwabo kugira ngo bongere "ubutunzi bw'ikirwa" mu rugo rwabo. Hari umukiriya warimo gushushanya igikoni gishya i Chilmark maze agira igitekerezo cyo gushyira amatafari yanjye mato ku gice kinini cy'ibikoresho byo mu nzu kugira ngo bakore countertop. Twakoranye cyane - counter irangiye ni nziza cyane.
Mpa umukiriya irangi ry'amabara, dushobora gusoma ibitabo, dushobora guhitamo amabara. Nakoreye igikoni abantu bakunda cyane icyatsi kibisi - ibara runaka ry'icyatsi - ndatekereza ko nakoze amatafari 13 yavanze.
Nakoze inkingi y'ibiti kugira ngo nshobore gutwara amatafari y'inyuguti ahantu hose, abantu bayafate bayagerageze aho babonye hose. Wenda amatafari ari inyuma y'umuriro cyangwa agatambaro k'imbere. Muri inlay, nakoze intebe nto z'ibiti. Ndashaka ko abantu babasha guhitamo amatafari yabo bwite, bityo sinjya mfata amatafari. Amahitamo amaze gutoranywa, azasaba gusya.
Martha's Vineyard Tile Co. hari ingero z'amatafari, banyoherereza amabwiriza. Ku mishinga idasanzwe, abantu bashobora no kunyandikira mu buryo butaziguye.
Nzakora akazi ko gushyiramo amatafari n'amatafari. Natangiye nkora amatafari n'amatafari, nvanga ivumbi rya data wa mama ukunda gushyiramo amabuye. Rero nagiye nkora ibi rimwe na rimwe kuva mfite imyaka 13 none ubu mfite imyaka 60. Ku bw'amahirwe mfite izindi mpano. Nahindutse cyane nkora ibintu bitatu nkunda cyane. Akazi kanjye gafitanye isano n'ubumaji bwa gatatu, umuziki wa gatatu n'uburobyi bwa gatatu - uburinganire bwiza cyane. Nagize amahirwe yo kubona ubutaka igihe byashobokaga kugwa ku kirwa, kandi natsinze iki kibazo. Amaherezo, nashoboye guhindura ibintu byinshi aho kwibanda ku bintu by'ingenzi - ni ubuzima bwiza cyane.
Hari igihe ubona akazi gakomeye ko kubaka kandi ugomba kugakora gusa. Mu mpeshyi ni byiza kutarya, niba nshoboye kugufasha. Namaze igihe kinini ngerageza ifi zo mu bwoko bwa shellfish no kuroba mu mpeshyi yose. Kandi ncuranga umuziki. Hari igihe tujya mu ngendo - ukwezi twamaze muri Karayibe, St. Barth na Noruveje inshuro 12. Twagiye muri Afurika y'Epfo mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bitatu kandi tugafata amajwi. Hari igihe ukora akazi kamwe cyangwa akandi wikurikiranya hanyuma ugakomeza kwiruka.
Birumvikana ko ushobora gushya. Cyane cyane iyo nzi ko hari amafi, ariko ndimo ndakora amabuye maze akanyica. Iyo ngomba gukora ikintu ntashobore kuroba, birangora cyane. Cyangwa, iyo ntafite ubwubatsi mu gihe cy'itumba kandi nkabika isambaza, nshobora kubura ubwubatsi bwiza bwo imbere. Umuziki ni mwiza cyane kuko ucuranga umwaka wose: mu gihe cy'itumba urakaza abaturage, bityo buri mpera y'icyumweru tuva ku kirwa. Mu mpeshyi, abaturage ntibasohoka kandi hari amasura mashya buri cyumweru, bityo ushobora gukomeza gukorera ahantu hamwe no kuryama mu buriri bwawe. Jya kuroba isambaza ku manywa.
Ku bafundi b'amabuye y'agaciro, akabari kari hejuru cyane hano. Kuva kera kose nibuka, twagize iterambere ry'ubwubatsi kuri iki kirwa, kandi hari amafaranga menshi. Hari akazi keza, bityo hari amarushanwa menshi - bigomba kuba akazi keza. Abakiriya bungukira ku bukorikori bwo hejuru. Gucuruza ubwabyo ni ingirakamaro. Ubuhanga ni bwiza.
Mu myaka 30 cyangwa 35 ishize, Lew French, umufundi w'amabuye, yatangiye gutwara amabuye yo mu bwoko bwa Maine mu modoka, kandi ntabwo twigeze tubona ibuye rikwiriye nk'iryo ari ryo ubu, cyangwa ibuye yakoresheje. Twabonye ko twashoboraga kuzana amabuye icumi ahantu hose. Niba turimo gutwara imodoka muri New England tukabona inkuta nziza z'amabuye, dushobora kujya ku bahinzi tukababaza niba nshobora kugura amabuye menshi? Naguze ikamyo yo kohereza imyanda nkayikoraho menshi. Buri buye ryose utera ikamyo yawe ni ryiza - ushobora kuyita amazina, ntushobora gutegereza kuyakoresha.
Nkora njyenyine kandi ngerageza amabuye menshi kandi yose arakwira ariko iyo usubiye inyuma abantu benshi bakavuga bati… oya… bamwe muri bo bakavuga bati… wenda… hanyuma uzashyiramo rimwe, maze we akavuga ati… … yego… ni amahitamo yawe. Ushobora kugerageza amabuye 10 maze umuntu akavuga ati yego, mwana wanjye.
Hejuru n'impande bizakujyana mu cyerekezo gishya… hagomba kuba hari ubwumvikane muri byo, hagomba kuba hari umuvuduko muri byo. Ntashobora kuryama gusa, agomba kuba amerewe neza, ariko agomba no kwimuka.
Ndatekereza ko uburyo bworoshye bwo kubisobanura ari uko ndi umucuranzi: ibi ni injyana n'ubwumvikane, ibi byagombye kuba rock…
Lamplighter ni umurongo wuzuye w'ibikoresho by'amatara. Dufite moderi zacu zisanzwe: sconces zo ku rukuta, pendants, inkingi zo gufatisha, byose mu buryo bwa gikoloni. Moderi yacu y'amatara yo mu muhanda muri Edgartown ni ishusho y'amatara nyayo yo ku kirwa. Ibyo ni byo gusa. Ntabwo ari njye wabiteguye, byose ni ibisanzwe, bishingiye ku ngero z'imvange z'icyo gihe. Imvugo yo muri New England. Hari igihe abantu bashaka ikintu kigezweho. Buri gihe mba niteguye kuvugana n'abantu kugira ngo bahindure imiterere. Dushobora kubona ibintu bihindagurika kandi tukabona ubushobozi.
Mu isi ikoreshwa mu gucapa mu buryo bwa 3D, ibikoresho nkoresha bifite imyaka hafi 100: kuvunika, imikasi, imigozi. Amatara aracyakorwa uko yari ameze. Ubwiza buragabanuka mu gihe cyihuse. Buri tara rikozwe n'intoki. Nubwo rikozwe mu buryo bwa formula - gukata, kugonda, gupfunyika - byose biratandukanye. Kuri njye, ntabwo ari ubuhanzi. Mfite gahunda, ni byo nkora. Buri wese afite formula. Byose birakorwa hano. Nca ikirahure kuri buri wese, mfite ibishushanyo byanjye by'ikirahure kandi nhuza ibice byose.
Mbere na mbere, ubwo Hollis Fisher yashingaga ikigo ahagana mu 1967, iduka rya Lamplighter ryari riherereye i Edgartown, aho Tracker Home Decor iherereye ubu. Mfite inkuru yo mu 1970 muri Gazette isobanura uburyo Hollis yatangiye gukora amatara nk'ikintu cyo kwishimisha hanyuma bihinduka ubucuruzi.
Ahanini mbona akazi gatangwa n'abubatsi. Patrick Ahern yari umuhanga cyane – yanyohererezaga abantu. Mu gihe cy'itumba nakoreye imirimo myinshi ikomeye mu kigo cya Robert Stern i New York. Akazi keza cyane muri Pohogonot na Hamptons.
Nakoze chandelier yo muri resitora ya State Road. Bakoresheje umushushanyi w'imbere Michael Smith, wampaye ibitekerezo ku matara ashaje ya traktori - arayakunda - asa n'umwuga w'ubuhinzi ku gikoresho cy'amapine cy'imodoka. Ntekereza ku bikoresho n'amapine, imiterere yabyo gusa. Mu by'ukuri, uyu mushinga wampaye ibintu birindwi cyangwa umunani bisa, buri kimwe gishingiye ku bikoresho. Nyiri galari yo mu gace Chris Morse yari akeneye ikintu cyo ku meza yo kuriramo, kandi nabonye icyitegererezo kirekire cy'agasanduku mu gasanduku ke. Nkunda ko nshobora gufata ikintu nkakireka kikabaho cyonyine. Rero, iyi ni icyitegererezo cy'agasanduku, ngira icyo mfata mu iduka, nkakimanika igihe gito kandi nkabaho. Nakoresheje ibikoresho byiza nabonye.
Vuba aha, umukiriya yazanye iki gikoresho cyo kugaburira inkoko mu nganda kirambaraye. Nashoboraga kongeramo amatara y'urumuri - ibi bintu byose byasubiwemo, ni byiza kandi byakozwe neza.
Nize ubugeni bwiza ndi umunyeshuri wa kaminuza hanyuma nkiga icyiciro cya gatatu mu gushushanya; ubu mfite studio yo gushushanya muri Grape Harbor. Yego, mu by'ukuri biratandukanye: ubugeni n'ubukorikori. Guhanga amatara ni ibintu bidasanzwe. Hari amategeko, ni ibintu bigororotse. Hari gahunda igomba gukurikizwa. Nta mategeko ariho mu bugeni. Ni byiza cyane - uburinganire bwiza. Gukora amatara ni umutsima wanjye: iyi mishinga yabanje mbere yanjye, kandi ni byiza kutagira isano n'amarangamutima, kandi nshobora guhangayikishwa n'ubwiza.
Ibi byose birahuza – ubuhanzi n'ubukorikori. Ngomba gushaka umuntu mu iduka nshobora guhugura; ibi bizampa umwanya uhagije wo kurangiza imirimo yo kumurika amatara yihariye. Aka ni akazi kanjye ka buri munsi… aka kazi ko gushushanya ni akazi kanjye ko mu mpera z'icyumweru. Nishimiye ko ntabona amafaranga mu buhanzi bwiza; nibwiraga ko akazi kazabangamira, ariko byaragaragaye ko atari ko bimeze. Ndagakoresha mu gukora icyo nshaka cyose.
Yize gushushanya, gushushanya no gushushanya mu ishuri ry’ubugeni. Hanyuma, mu myaka 30 ishize, Tom Hodgson yanyigishije kwandika no gukora ibimenyetso. Ndabikunze kandi ndabikunda. Tom yari umwarimu mwiza cyane kandi yampaye amahirwe meza.
Ariko nyuma nageze aho ntashaka kongera guhumeka umwuka w'irangi ry'amavuta. Ndifuza gukora ibishushanyo byinshi kuko nshishikajwe n'imitako n'imiterere. Gushushanya ikirango nkoresheje porogaramu ya mudasobwa byatumye nongera amahirwe yo gushushanya ikirango kugira ngo nshyiremo amashusho yacapwe adapfa amazi. Ibi bituma habaho ibicuruzwa byihuse kandi bikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye kandi izi dosiye za digitale zishobora no gukoreshwa ku makarita y'ubucuruzi, amatangazo, menus, imodoka, labels n'ibindi. Edgartown ni wo mujyi wonyine ku kirwa ushaka gusiga irangi ikirango cyabo, kandi ndatangazwa n'uko nkiri gufata uburoso.
Mfata umwanya wanjye mu buryo bungana hagati yo gushushanya no gukora ibyapa kandi nkunda buri kintu cyose. Ubu nshushanya kandi ncapa ibirango bya Reindeer Bridge Holistics, Flat Point Farm, MV Sea Salt na Kitchen Porch. Nanone ncapa amabendera, nkora amashusho y'imodoka, ncapa ibihangano byiza by'abahanzi, nkora amafoto cyangwa amashusho ku gitambaro cyangwa ku mpapuro. Imashini ya printer ifite imiterere myinshi ni igikoresho gifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha, kandi kumenya gukoresha izi porogaramu kugira ngo wongere amashusho yawe bituma byose bishoboka. Nkunda guhindura uko ibintu bimeze nongeraho ibicuruzwa bishya n'ikoranabuhanga. Nakomeje kuzamura ukuboko kwanjye mvuga nti, oh, ngiye gutekereza ikintu.
Iyo mbaza abakiriya banjye, mpita mbona imiterere bakunda. Nsobanura icyerekezo cyabo kandi nkabereka ibitekerezo bimwe na bimwe bifite inyuguti zitandukanye, imiterere, amabara, nibindi. Ngiye gutanga amahitamo menshi, buri kimwe muri byo mbona ko ari cyo gitsinda. Nyuma yo gutunganya neza, twari twiteguye gushyira ikimenyetso ku ishusho. Hanyuma nzakoresha urwego rw'ishusho mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose. Ibyapa birasekeje - bigomba gusomwa. Interineti ntabwo izi aho icyapa giherereye, uburyo imodoka yihuta - itandukaniro rikenewe kugira ngo ikimenyetso kigaragare - cyaba kiri mu gicucu cyangwa ahantu hari izuba riva.
Nifuzaga kubaha imiterere n'imiterere y'ubucuruzi bw'umukiriya wanjye binyuze mu gushyiramo amabara, inyuguti n'ibirango byabyo, ndetse no kwemeza ko "ikirango cy'ubuziranenge" ku kirwa cyose. Natekereje ku cyo uruzabibu ari cyo, ruza mu buryo butandukanye. Nkorana n'abagenzuzi b'inyubako ku kirwa kandi ngasinya komite ishinzwe amategeko. Hakwitabwaho cyane ibipimo bikwiye kugira ngo ikirango cyoroshye gusoma kandi kibe cyiza. Ni ubuhanzi bw'ubucuruzi, ariko rimwe na rimwe bumeze nk'ubuhanzi.
Nfasha abantu gushyira ubucuruzi bwabo mu byiciro by’amagambo meza n’ahantu heza ho kwamamaza. Akenshi dukunda kungurana ibitekerezo no gushakisha cyane kugira ngo tugere aho inyandiko ihurira n’amashusho kugira ngo dutange ibyiyumvo byiza kandi by’ukuri. Ibi bitekerezo bikora iyo dufashe umwanya wacu.