Ma weld a longitudinal omwe ali mu zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri amachotsedwa ndi magetsi kuti atsimikizire kuti kutentha sikugwa bwino. Chithunzi mwachilolezo cha Walter Surface Technologies
Tangoganizani kuti wopanga apanga pangano lopanga chinthu chofunikira chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zigawo za chitsulo ndi mapaipi zimadulidwa, kupindika ndi kuwotcherera asanatumizidwe kumalo omalizira. Chigawocho chimakhala ndi mbale zowotcherera molunjika ku chitoliro. Zowotcherera zimawoneka bwino, koma si mtengo woyenera womwe wogula akufuna. Zotsatira zake, chopukusira chimathera nthawi yayitali chikuchotsa zitsulo zambiri zowotcherera kuposa masiku onse. Kenako, tsoka, buluu wosiyana unawonekera pamwamba - chizindikiro chodziwikiratu cha kutentha kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, izi zikutanthauza kuti gawolo silikwaniritsa zofunikira za kasitomala.
Kawirikawiri zimachitidwa ndi manja, kupukuta ndi kumaliza kumafuna luso ndi luso lapamwamba. Zolakwika pakumaliza zimatha kukhala zodula kwambiri poganizira mtengo wonse womwe wayikidwa pa ntchitoyo. Kuwonjezera zinthu zodula zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kukonzanso ndi ndalama zoyika zinyalala kungakhale kokwera. Kuphatikiza ndi zovuta monga kuipitsidwa ndi kulephera kwa passivation, kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chinali chopindulitsa kale kumatha kukhala kopanda phindu kapena kuwononga mbiri.
Kodi opanga zinthu amaletsa bwanji zonsezi? Angayambe mwa kukulitsa chidziwitso chawo chopera ndi kumaliza, kumvetsetsa ntchito zomwe amachita komanso momwe zimakhudzira zida zopangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
Izi si mawu ofanana. Ndipotu, aliyense ali ndi zolinga zosiyana kwambiri. Kupera kumachotsa zinthu monga ma burrs ndi zitsulo zochulukirapo, pomwe kumaliza kumapereka mapeto abwino pamwamba pa chitsulo. Kusokonezeka kumeneku n'komveka, popeza anthu omwe amapera ndi mawilo akuluakulu amachotsa zitsulo zambiri mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo mikwingwirima yozama kwambiri imatha kusiyidwa panthawiyi. Koma popera, mikwingwirima imangokhala chifukwa chake, cholinga chake ndikuchotsa zinthu mwachangu, makamaka pogwira ntchito ndi zitsulo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Kumaliza kumachitika pang'onopang'ono pamene wogwiritsa ntchito akuyamba ndi grit yolimba kwambiri ndipo akupita patsogolo ku mawilo opukutira bwino, ma abrasives osalukidwa komanso mwina nsalu ya felt ndi phala lopukuta kuti akwaniritse galasi. Cholinga chake ndi kukwaniritsa kumaliza kwina (pattern scratch). Gawo lililonse (grit yocheperako) limachotsa mikwingwirima yozama kuchokera pa sitepe yapitayi ndikuyiyika m'malo mwake ndi mikwingwirima yaying'ono.
Popeza kupukuta ndi kumaliza kuli ndi zolinga zosiyana, nthawi zambiri sizigwirizana ndipo zimatha kusewera motsutsana ngati njira yolakwika yogwiritsira ntchito ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti achotse zitsulo zochulukirapo, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amapanga mabala akuya kwambiri ndi gudumu lopukusira, kenako amapatsa gawolo kwa wosungira zovala, yemwe tsopano ayenera kuthera nthawi yambiri akuchotsa mabala akuya awa. Njira iyi kuyambira kupukuta mpaka kumaliza ikhoza kukhala njira yothandiza kwambiri yokwaniritsira zofunikira za makasitomala. Koma kachiwiri, izi si njira zowonjezera.
Malo ogwirira ntchito omwe amapangidwira kuti agwire ntchito bwino nthawi zambiri safuna kupukutidwa kapena kumalizidwa. Zigawo zomwe zimapukutidwa zimangotero chifukwa kupukutidwa ndiyo njira yachangu kwambiri yochotsera zopukutidwa kapena zinthu zina, ndipo mikwingwirima yozama yomwe imasiyidwa ndi gudumu lopukutidwa ndi yomwe kasitomala amafuna. Zigawo zomwe zimafuna kumalizidwa kokha zimapangidwa mwanjira yoti kuchotsa zinthu mopitirira muyeso sikofunikira. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi gawo lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri lokhala ndi chopukutidwa chokongola chotetezedwa ndi electrode ya tungsten yomwe imangofunika kusakanikirana ndikufananizidwa ndi mawonekedwe omaliza a substrate.
Makina opukutira okhala ndi ma disc ochotsera zinthu zochepa angayambitse mavuto aakulu pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Momwemonso, kutentha kwambiri kungayambitse buluu ndi kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a chinthucho. Cholinga chake ndi kusunga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kukhala chozizira momwe zingathere panthawi yonseyi.
Pachifukwa ichi, zimathandiza kusankha gudumu lopukusira lomwe lili ndi liwiro lofulumira kwambiri lochotsera malinga ndi momwe likugwiritsidwira ntchito komanso bajeti. Magudumu a Zirconium amapukusira mwachangu kuposa alumina, koma magudumu a ceramic amagwira ntchito bwino nthawi zambiri.
Tinthu ta ceramic tolimba kwambiri komanso tothwa kwambiri timavalidwa mwanjira yapadera. Pamene timaphwanyika pang'onopang'ono, sitikhala tathyathyathya, koma timasunga m'mphepete mwake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amatha kuchotsa zinthu mwachangu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mofulumira kuposa mawilo ena opera. Kawirikawiri, izi zimapangitsa kuti mawilo opera a ceramic akhale ofunika. Ndi abwino kwambiri popangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, chifukwa amachotsa mwachangu ma tchipisi akuluakulu ndikupanga kutentha pang'ono komanso kusintha pang'ono.
Kaya wopanga asankha gudumu lopukusira liti, kuipitsidwa komwe kungachitike kuyenera kukumbukiridwa. Opanga ambiri amadziwa kuti sangagwiritse ntchito gudumu lopukusira lomwelo pazitsulo za kaboni ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Anthu ambiri amalekanitsa ntchito zopukusira kaboni ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Ngakhale tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta kaboni tomwe timagwera pazigawo zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri tingayambitse mavuto a kuipitsidwa. Mafakitale ambiri, monga mafakitale opanga mankhwala ndi nyukiliya, amafuna kuti zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito ziwonedwe ngati zosadetsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mawilo opukusira chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ayenera kukhala opanda chitsulo, sulfure ndi chlorine (osakwana 0.1%).
Mawilo opukutira samadzipukutira okha, amafunikira chida chamagetsi. Aliyense akhoza kulengeza zabwino za mawilo opukutira kapena zida zamagetsi, koma zoona zake n'zakuti zida zamagetsi ndi mawilo awo opukutira zimagwira ntchito ngati dongosolo. Mawilo opukutira a ceramic amapangidwira makina opukutira ngodya okhala ndi mphamvu inayake komanso mphamvu inayake. Ngakhale makina ena opukutira mpweya ali ndi zofunikira zofunika, nthawi zambiri makina opukutira a ceramic amapangidwa ndi zida zamagetsi.
Zipangizo zopukusira zopanda mphamvu zokwanira komanso mphamvu yochepa zingayambitse mavuto aakulu ngakhale ndi zida zamakono kwambiri zopukusira. Kusowa mphamvu ndi mphamvu kungayambitse chidacho kuchepetsa liwiro lake kwambiri chikapanikizika, makamaka kuletsa tinthu ta ceramic tomwe tili pa gudumu lopukusira kuti tisachite zomwe zapangidwira kuchita: kuchotsa mwachangu zidutswa zazikulu zachitsulo, potero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotentha zomwe zimalowa mu gudumu lopukusira.
Izi zimawonjezera vuto lalikulu: anthu osambira amaona kuti palibe chinthu chomwe chikuchotsedwa, motero amakankhira mwamphamvu mwachibadwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha kwambiri ndi buluu. Amakankhira mwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti amaika mawilo m'magalasi, zomwe zimawakakamiza kugwira ntchito molimbika ndikupanga kutentha kwambiri asanazindikire kuti akufunika kusintha mawilo. Ngati mugwira ntchito motere ndi machubu kapena mapepala opyapyala, amatha kudutsa muzinthuzo.
Zachidziwikire, ngati ogwiritsa ntchito sanaphunzitsidwe bwino, ngakhale atakhala ndi zida zabwino kwambiri, kusinthaku kungachitike, makamaka pankhani ya kupsinjika komwe amaika pa chipangizocho. Njira yabwino ndiyo kuyandikira kwambiri momwe angathere mphamvu ya chopukusira. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito akugwiritsa ntchito chopukusira cha 10 amp, ayenera kukanikiza mwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti chopukusira chimakoka pafupifupi 10 amp.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ammeter kungathandize kulinganiza ntchito zopukusira ngati wopanga akupanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokwera mtengo. Inde, ndi ntchito zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ammeter nthawi zonse, choncho ndi bwino kumvetsera mosamala. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchitoyo akumva ndikumva RPM ikutsika mofulumira, akhoza kukhala akukankha mwamphamvu kwambiri.
Kumvetsera kukhudza kopepuka kwambiri (monga kupanikizika kochepa kwambiri) kungakhale kovuta, kotero kuyang'ana kwambiri kayendedwe ka cheza kungathandize pankhaniyi. Kupukuta chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumapanga cheza chakuda kuposa chitsulo cha kaboni, koma chiyenera kuwonekabe ndikutuluka mofanana kuchokera pamalo ogwirira ntchito. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito mwadzidzidzi awona cheza chochepa, mwina chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zokwanira kapena kusayika gudumu.
Ogwiritsa ntchito ayeneranso kukhala ndi ngodya yogwirira ntchito yokhazikika. Ngati ayandikira chogwirira ntchitocho pafupifupi ngodya yakumanja (pafupifupi yofanana ndi chogwirira ntchitocho), angayambitse kutentha kwambiri; ngati ayandikira ngodya yayikulu kwambiri (pafupifupi yoyima), ali pachiwopsezo chogunda m'mphepete mwa gudumulo mu chitsulo. Ngati agwiritsa ntchito gudumu la mtundu wa 27, ayenera kuyandikira ntchitoyo pa ngodya ya madigiri 20 mpaka 30. Ngati ali ndi magudumu a mtundu wa 29, ngodya yawo yogwirira ntchito iyenera kukhala pafupifupi madigiri 10.
Mawilo opukutira a mtundu wa 28 (ochepa) nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popukutira malo osalala kuti achotse zinthu panjira zopukutira zazikulu. Mawilo opapatizawa amagwiranso ntchito bwino pa ngodya zotsika (pafupifupi madigiri 5) kotero amathandiza kuchepetsa kutopa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.
Izi zikubweretsa chinthu china chofunikira: kusankha mtundu woyenera wa gudumu lopukusira. Gudumu la mtundu wa 27 lili ndi malo olumikizirana ndi chitsulo pamwamba pake, gudumu la mtundu wa 28 lili ndi mzere wolumikizirana chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ozungulira, gudumu la mtundu wa 29 lili ndi malo olumikizirana.
Mawilo a mtundu wa 27 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano amatha kugwira ntchito m'malo ambiri, koma mawonekedwe awo amachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kugwira ntchito ndi zigawo zozama komanso zozungulira, monga machubu achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a gudumu la Mtundu wa 29 amathandiza ogwira ntchito omwe amafunika kugaya malo opindika komanso athyathyathya. Gudumu la Mtundu wa 29 limachita izi powonjezera malo olumikizirana pamwamba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti wogwiritsa ntchito sayenera kuthera nthawi yambiri akupera pamalo aliwonse - njira yabwino yochepetsera kutentha komwe kumawonjezeka.
Kwenikweni, izi zikugwira ntchito pa gudumu lililonse lopera. Popera, wogwiritsa ntchito sayenera kukhala pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Tiyerekeze kuti wogwiritsa ntchito akuchotsa chitsulo kuchokera pa chikwama cha mamita angapo kutalika. Chingathe kuyendetsa gudumu m'njira yochepa mmwamba ndi pansi, koma izi zingayambitse kuti chogwirira ntchito chitenthe kwambiri chifukwa chimasunga gudumu m'dera laling'ono kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuti achepetse kutentha, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo akhoza kuyendetsa chosungunula chonse mbali imodzi pamphuno imodzi, kenako nkukweza chida (kulola chogwirira ntchito kuzizira) ndikudutsa chogwirira ntchito mbali imodzi pamphuno inayo. Njira zina zimagwira ntchito, koma zonse zili ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana: zimapewa kutentha kwambiri mwa kusunga gudumu lopera likuyenda.
Izi zimathandizidwanso ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri "zopesa". Tiyerekeze kuti wogwiritsa ntchito akupera chopukutira cha matako pamalo osalala. Kuti achepetse kupsinjika kwa kutentha ndi kukumba mopitirira muyeso, anapewa kukankhira chopukutira pa cholumikizira. M'malo mwake, amayamba kumapeto ndikuyendetsa chopukutira pa cholumikizira. Izi zimathandizanso kuti gudumu lisalowe kwambiri mu chinthucho.
Zachidziwikire, njira iliyonse imatha kutentha kwambiri chitsulo ngati wogwiritsa ntchitoyo akugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono kwambiri. Gwirani ntchito pang'onopang'ono kwambiri ndipo wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adzatentha kwambiri chogwirira ntchitocho; ngati muyenda mofulumira kwambiri, kupukuta kungatenge nthawi yayitali. Kupeza malo abwino opezera liwiro la chakudya nthawi zambiri kumafuna luso. Koma ngati wogwiritsa ntchitoyo sakudziwa bwino ntchitoyo, amatha kupukuta zidutswazo kuti "amve" kuchuluka koyenera kwa chakudya chogwirira ntchitocho.
Njira yomalizira imadalira momwe zinthu zilili pamwamba pa chinthucho pamene chikulowa ndi kutuluka mu dipatimenti yomalizira. Dziwani malo oyambira (mkhalidwe wa pamwamba womwe wapezeka) ndi malo omalizira (kumaliza kumafunika), kenako pangani dongosolo lopezera njira yabwino pakati pa mfundo ziwirizo.
Nthawi zambiri njira yabwino siiyamba ndi kukwapula koopsa kwambiri. Izi zingawoneke ngati zotsutsana. Ndipotu, bwanji osayamba ndi mchenga wouma kuti mupeze malo owuma kenako nkupita ku mchenga wosalala? Kodi sikungakhale kothandiza kuyamba ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono?
Sikuti izi zikugwirizana ndi mtundu wa kufananiza. Popeza grit yocheperako imapezeka mu gawo lililonse, chowongolera chimasintha mikwingwirima yozama ndi yocheperako. Ngati ayamba ndi sandpaper ya grit 40 kapena flip pan, amasiya mikwingwirima yozama pachitsulo. Zingakhale bwino ngati mikwingwirima iyi ingabweretse pamwamba pafupi ndi mapeto omwe mukufuna, ndichifukwa chake pali zipangizo zomaliza za grit 40 zomwe zilipo. Komabe, ngati kasitomala apempha kumaliza kwa #4 (kukonza kolunjika), mikwingwirima yozama yomwe yatsala ndi grit #40 imatenga nthawi yayitali kuti ichotsedwe. Amisiri amagwiritsa ntchito mikwingwirima yosiyanasiyana kapena amathera nthawi yambiri akugwiritsa ntchito zotsukira za grit zopyapyala kuti achotse mikwingwirima yayikulu ndikuyiyika m'malo yaying'ono. Zonsezi sizongogwira ntchito bwino, komanso zimatenthetsa kwambiri ntchito yogwirira ntchito.
Zachidziwikire, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopyapyala zokhala ndi grit yabwino pamalo ouma kungakhale kochedwa ndipo, kuphatikiza ndi njira yosayenera, kumabweretsa kutentha kwambiri. Ma disc awiri-mu-one kapena ozungulira angathandize pa izi. Ma disc awa amaphatikizapo nsalu zopyapyala zophatikizidwa ndi zinthu zotsukira pamwamba. Amalola mmisiri kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopyapyala kuchotsa zinthuzo pamene akusiya zosalala.
Gawo lotsatira pakumaliza lingaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu zosalukidwa, zomwe zikuwonetsanso chinthu china chapadera chomaliza: njirayi imagwira ntchito bwino ndi zida zamagetsi zosinthasintha liwiro. Chopukusira ngodya chomwe chimagwira ntchito pa 10,000 rpm chingathe kugwira zinthu zina zokwawa, koma chimasungunula kwathunthu zinthu zina zosalukidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, zomaliza zimachepetsa liwiro kufika pa 3,000-6,000 rpm musanamalize zosalukidwa. Zachidziwikire, liwiro lenileni limadalira momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi zinthu zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ng'oma zosalukidwa nthawi zambiri zimazungulira pa 3,000 mpaka 4,000 rpm, pomwe ma disc oyeretsera pamwamba nthawi zambiri amazungulira pa 4,000 mpaka 6,000 rpm.
Kukhala ndi zida zoyenera (zopukusira liwiro losinthasintha, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zomalizirira) ndi kudziwa kuchuluka kwa masitepe oyenera kumapereka mapu omwe akuwonetsa njira yabwino pakati pa zinthu zomwe zikubwera ndi zomwe zatha. Njira yeniyeniyo imadalira momwe zinthuzo zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, koma okonza odziwa bwino ntchito amatsatira njira imeneyi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zofanana zodulira.
Mipukutu yopanda ulusi imamaliza pamwamba pa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Kuti zinthu zomalizidwa bwino komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zomalizidwira zimayenda pa liwiro losiyanasiyana.
Choyamba, zimatenga nthawi. Ngati aona kuti chitsulo chopyapyala chikutentha, amasiya kumaliza pamalo amodzi n’kuyamba pamalo ena. Kapena mwina akugwira ntchito pazinthu ziwiri zosiyana nthawi imodzi. Gwirani ntchito pang’ono pa chimodzi kenako pa china, zomwe zimapatsa chidutswa china nthawi yoziziritsa.
Mukapukuta mpaka pagalasi, chopukutacho chimatha kupukuta ndi ng'oma yopukuta kapena diski yopukuta molunjika ku gawo lapitalo. Kupukuta kopingasa kumawonetsa malo omwe ayenera kusakanikirana ndi kapangidwe kakale kokanda, koma sikubweretsa pamwamba pagalasi kufika pa nambala 8. Mukachotsa mikwingwirima yonse, nsalu yofewa ndi chopukutira zidzafunika kuti mupange mawonekedwe owala omwe mukufuna.
Kuti apeze mapeto oyenera, opanga ayenera kupatsa omalizira zida zoyenera, kuphatikizapo zida zenizeni ndi zipangizo, komanso zida zolumikizirana, monga kupanga zitsanzo zokhazikika kuti adziwe momwe mapeto ena ayenera kuonekera. Zitsanzozi (zolembedwa pafupi ndi dipatimenti yomaliza, m'mapepala ophunzitsira, komanso m'mabuku ogulitsa) zimathandiza kuti aliyense akhale ndi nthawi yofanana.
Ponena za zida zenizeni (kuphatikizapo zida zamagetsi ndi zopopera), mawonekedwe a ziwalo zina akhoza kukhala ovuta ngakhale kwa gulu lodziwa bwino ntchito yomaliza. Izi zithandiza zida zaukadaulo.
Tiyerekeze kuti wogwiritsa ntchito akufunika kulumikiza chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokhala ndi makoma ochepa. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma flap disc kapena ngakhale ma drum kungayambitse mavuto, kutentha kwambiri, komanso nthawi zina malo athyathyathya pa chubucho. Apa ndi pomwe ma lamba opukutira omwe adapangidwira mapaipi angathandize. Lamba wonyamulira amaphimba mtunda waukulu wa chitoliro, kugawa malo olumikizirana, kuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa kutentha. Komabe, monga momwe zilili ndi china chilichonse, mmisiri amafunikabe kusuntha lamba losanjikiza kupita kumalo ena kuti achepetse kutentha kwambiri ndikupewa buluu.
Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pa zida zina zomaliza zaukadaulo. Ganizirani za chotsukira lamba chomwe chimapangidwira malo ovuta kufikako. Chotsukira chingagwiritse ntchito kupanga chotsukira fillet pakati pa matabwa awiri pa ngodya yakuthwa. M'malo mosuntha chotsukira chala chala molunjika (monga kutsuka mano), katswiriyo amachisuntha molunjika m'mphepete mwa chotsukira fillet kenako pansi, kuonetsetsa kuti chotsukira chala sichikhala pamalo amodzi kwambiri. kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kulukira, kupukuta ndi kumaliza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumabwera ndi vuto lina: kuonetsetsa kuti sichikutuluka bwino. Pambuyo pa zovuta zonsezi, kodi pali kuipitsidwa kulikonse komwe kunatsala pamwamba pa zinthu zomwe zingalepheretse kupangika kwachilengedwe kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha chromium pamwamba ponse? Chinthu chomaliza chomwe wopanga amafunikira ndi kasitomala wokwiya akudandaula za ziwalo zonyansa kapena zonyansa. Apa ndi pomwe kuyeretsa koyenera ndi kutsata kumafunika.
Kuyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi kungathandize kuchotsa zinthu zodetsa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikuyenda bwino, koma kodi kuyeretsa kumeneku kuyenera kuchitika liti? Zimatengera kugwiritsa ntchito. Ngati opanga amatsuka chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuti atsimikizire kuti zikuyenda bwino, nthawi zambiri amachita izi atangomaliza kuwotcherera. Kulephera kuchita izi kumatanthauza kuti chomalizacho chingatenge zinthu zodetsa pamwamba kuchokera pa chogwirira ntchito ndikuzigawa kumalo ena. Komabe, pazinthu zina zofunika kwambiri, opanga amatha kuwonjezera njira zina zoyeretsera—mwina ngakhale kuyesa kuti zikuyenda bwino chitsulocho chisanatuluke pafakitale.
Tiyerekeze kuti wopanga akulumikiza chinthu chofunika kwambiri chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha makampani opanga zida za nyukiliya. Katswiri wowotcherera arc wa tungsten amapanga msoko wosalala womwe umawoneka bwino kwambiri. Koma apanso, iyi ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Wogwira ntchito mu dipatimenti yomaliza amagwiritsa ntchito burashi yolumikizidwa ndi makina oyeretsera amagetsi kuti ayeretse pamwamba pa chowotcherera. Kenako anapukuta chowotchereracho ndi chopanda nsalu komanso nsalu yopukutira ndikumaliza chilichonse kukhala chosalala. Kenako pamabwera burashi yomaliza yokhala ndi makina oyeretsera amagetsi. Pambuyo pa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri osagwira ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito choyezera chonyamulika kuti muwone ngati gawolo lagwira ntchito bwino. Zotsatira zake, zolembedwa ndikusungidwa ndi ntchitoyo, zinasonyeza kuti gawolo linali lopanda ntchito mokwanira asanachoke ku fakitale.
Mu mafakitale ambiri opanga, kupukutira, kumaliza, ndi kuyeretsa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Ndipotu, nthawi zambiri zimachitika nthawi yochepa ntchito isanaperekedwe.
Zipangizo zosagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pamakina zimapanga zina mwa zinthu zodula kwambiri komanso zokonzedwanso, kotero n'zomveka kuti opanga ayang'anenso magawo awo okonza ndi kumalizitsa. Kukonza bwino ntchito yopera ndi kumalizitsa kumathandiza kuthetsa mavuto akuluakulu, kukonza ubwino, kuthetsa mutu, komanso chofunika kwambiri, kuwonjezera kukhutira kwa makasitomala.
FABRICATOR ndi magazini yotsogola yopanga ndi kupanga zitsulo ku North America. Magaziniyi imafalitsa nkhani, nkhani zaukadaulo ndi nkhani zopambana zomwe zimathandiza opanga kuti agwire ntchito yawo bwino kwambiri. FABRICATOR yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuyambira mu 1970.
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