Ka tangohia ngā pūwero whakaroa i roto i ngā pae maitai kore waikura mā te hikohiko hei whakarite kia tika te whakakorenga. He whakaahua nā Walter Surface Technologies.
Whakaarohia te whakaurunga o tētahi kaihanga ki tētahi kirimana hei hanga i tētahi hua kowiri tira matua. Ka tapahia, ka pikohia, ka whakarewahia ngā wāhanga pepa whakarewa me ngā paipa i mua i te tukunga ki te teihana whakaoti. Ko te wāhanga he pereti kua whakarewahia poutū ki te paipa. He pai te āhua o ngā whakarewa, engari ehara i te utu tino pai e rapuhia ana e te kaihoko. Nō reira, ka pau te wā o te mīhini huri ki te tango i te konganuku whakarewa nui atu i te tikanga. Kātahi, āe, ka puta he kikorangi mārama ki te mata – he tohu mārama o te nui rawa o te wera e whakaurua ana. I tēnei wā, ko te tikanga o tēnei kāore te wāhanga e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga a te kiritaki.
He maha ngā wā ka mahia ā-ringa, ā, me whai pūkenga me te mahi toi te oro me te whakaoti. Ka nui te utu mō ngā hapa whakaoti ina whakaarohia te uara katoa kua whakatakotoria ki te mea mahi. Ka nui ake pea te tāpiri i ngā rauemi utu nui e pāngia ana e te wera pērā i te maitai kore waikura, te mahi anō me ngā utu tāutanga para. I te taha o ngā raruraru pērā i te poke me ngā rahunga o te kore e taea te whakakore, ka kore pea he hua o tētahi mahi maitai kore waikura i mua he whai hua, ka kino rānei ki te ingoa pai.
Me pēhea te ārai a ngā kaihanga i ēnei mea katoa? Ka taea e rātou te tīmata mā te whakawhānui i ō rātou mōhiotanga ki te huri me te whakaoti, me te mārama ki ngā mahi e mahia ana e rātou me te pānga ki ngā mea mahi kowiri tira.
Ehara ēnei i te kupu taurite. Ina hoki, he rerekē ngā whāinga a te katoa. Mā te huri ka tangohia ngā rauemi pēnei i ngā kōhao me te konganuku whakarewa nui, ā, mā te whakaoti ka pai te āhua o te mata o te konganuku. He mārama te whakapoauautanga, i te mea he tere te tango a te hunga huri me ngā wira huri nui i te nui o te konganuku, ā, ka waiho pea he karawarawa hohonu rawa i roto i te tukanga. Engari i te wā e huri ana, he hua noa iho ngā karawarawa, ko te whāinga kia tere te tango i te rauemi, inā koa ka mahi me ngā konganuku tairongo wera pēnei i te maitai kore waikura.
Ka oti te whakaoti i ngā wāhanga, ka tīmata te kaiwhakahaere me te kirikiri matotoru, ka neke haere ki ngā wira huri pai ake, ngā mea whakakoi kore-whatu, me te kakahu huruhuru pea me te whakapiri whakakanapa hei whakatutuki i te whakaotinga whakaata. Ko te whāinga kia tutuki he whakaotinga whakamutunga (tauira rakuraku). Ka tangohia e ia taahiraa (kirikiri matotoru) ngā karawarawa hohonu ake o te taahiraa o mua, ka whakakapia ki ngā karawarawa iti ake.
Nā te mea he rerekē ngā mahi a te huri me te whakaoti, he maha ngā wā kāore e tautoko tetahi i tetahi, ā, ka taea te whakataetae tetahi ki tetahi mēnā he hē te rautaki whakapaunga. Hei tango i te konganuku whakarewa nui, ka hanga e te kaiwhakahaere he karawarawa hohonu rawa ki te wira huri, kātahi ka tukuna te wāhanga ki te kaitā, ā, me whakapau kaha ia ki te tango i ēnei karawarawa hohonu. Ko tēnei raupapa mai i te huri ki te whakaoti ka taea tonu te waiho hei huarahi tino whai hua ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakaoti a te kiritaki. Engari anō, ehara ēnei i te tukanga tāpiri.
Ko ngā mata mahi i hangaia kia ngāwari te mahi, kāore e hiahiatia he huri, he whakaoti rānei. Ko ngā wāhanga kua orohia, ka pērā noa iho nā te mea ko te oro te huarahi tere ki te tango i ngā whakarewa, i ētahi atu rauemi rānei, ā, ko ngā karawarawa hohonu i mahue mai i te wira huri, koinei tonu te mea i hiahiatia e te kiritaki. Ko ngā wāhanga e hiahia ana kia whakaotihia anake, ka hangaia kia kore ai e hiahiatia he tango rauemi nui rawa. Ko tētahi tauira noa ko tētahi wāhanga kowiri tira me te whakarewa ataahua e tiakina ana e te hiko tungsten e hiahia ana kia whakaranua, kia ōrite ki te tauira whakaoti o te papa.
Ka raru pea ngā mīhini huri me ngā kōpae tango rauemi iti i te wā e mahi ana me te maitai kore waikura. Waihoki, ka taea e te wera nui te whakakorikori me te whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi. Ko te whāinga kia mau tonu te makariri o te maitai kore waikura puta noa i te tukanga.
Hei whakatutuki i tēnei, he pai te whiriwhiri i te wira huri me te tere tango tere rawa atu mō te tono me te tahua. He tere ake te huri o ngā wira zirconium i te alumina, engari ko ngā wira uku te mea pai rawa atu i te nuinga o te wā.
He āhua ahurei te pakaru o ngā matūriki uku tino kaha, tino koi hoki. I a rātou e memeha haere ana, kāore e papatahi, engari he koi tonu te mata. Ko te tikanga ka taea e rātou te tango tere i ngā rauemi, he maha ngā wā ka tere ake i ētahi atu wira huri. I te nuinga o te wā, he pai te utu mō ngā wira huri uku. He pai mō te miihini i te maitai kore waikura, nā te mea ka tere te tango i ngā maramara nunui, ā, he iti ake te wera me te rerekētanga e puta mai ana.
Ahakoa te wira huri e whiriwhiria ana e te kaihanga, me maumahara ki ngā poke ka puta. E mōhio ana te nuinga o ngā kaihanga kāore e taea e rātou te whakamahi i te wira huri kotahi mō te maitai waro me te maitai kore waikura. He maha ngā tāngata e wehewehe ā-tinana ana i ngā mahi huri waro me te maitai kore waikura. Ahakoa ngā mura iti o te maitai waro e taka ana ki ngā wāhanga maitai kore waikura ka raru pea te poke. He maha ngā ahumahi, pērā i ngā ahumahi rongoā me ngā ahumahi karihi, me whakatauria ngā taonga pau hei kore poke. Ko te tikanga me tata kore (iti iho i te 0.1%) o te rino, te whanariki me te haurore) i ngā wira huri maitai kore waikura.
Kāore ngā wira huri e huri i a rātou anō, engari me whai taputapu hiko. Ka taea e te tangata te pānui i ngā painga o ngā wira huri, o ngā taputapu hiko rānei, engari ko te mea pono ko ngā taputapu hiko me ā rātou wira huri he pūnaha kotahi. He mea hanga ngā wira huri uku mō ngā huri koki me tētahi mana me tētahi taipana. Ahakoa he rite ngā whakaritenga e hiahiatia ana mō ētahi huri hau, i te nuinga o te wā ka mahia te huri i ngā wira uku ki ngā taputapu hiko.
Ahakoa ngā mīhini huri kāore i te rawaka te kaha me te taipana, ka raru pea ngā mīhini whakakoi hou rawa atu. Mēnā kāore i te rawaka te kaha me te taipana, ka pōturi te mahi a te taputapu i raro i te pēhanga, ā, ka kore e taea e ngā matūriki uku i runga i te wira huri te mahi i tā rātou i hanga ai: te tango tere i ngā poraka whakarewa nunui, ā, ka whakaitihia te nui o ngā rauemi wera e uru ana ki te wira huri. wira huri.
Ka whakanui ake tēnei i te huringa kino: ka kite ngā kaitarai kāore he rauemi e tangohia ana, nō reira ka pēhi kaha ake rātou, ka puta he wera nui me te kikorangi. Ka mutu, ka tino kaha te pēhi ka kanapa ngā wira, ka akiaki i a rātou ki te mahi kaha ake, ka whakaputa wera ake i mua i te mōhio me whakawhiti ngā wira. Ki te mahi pēnei koe me ngā ngongo angiangi, ngā pepa rānei, ka mutu ka haere tika atu rātou i roto i te rauemi.
Ae, ki te kore ngā kaiwhakahaere e whakangungua tika, ahakoa ngā taputapu pai rawa atu, ka puta pea tēnei huringa kino, inā koa ka pā ki te pēhanga e tukuna ana e rātou ki te mea mahi. Ko te mahi pai ko te whakatata atu ki te iahiko kua whakatauria o te huri. Mena kei te whakamahi te kaiwhakahaere i te huri 10 amp, me pēhi kaha ia kia tae ki te 10 amp te kaha o te huri.
Mā te whakamahi i te āmita ka taea te whakarite i ngā mahi huri mēnā he nui te rino kore utu nui e tukatukahia ana e te kaihanga. He pono, he iti noa ngā mahi e whakamahi ana i te āmita i ia wā, nō reira he pai ake te whakarongo pai. Ki te rongo te kaiwhakahaere, ā, ki te rongo hoki i te hekenga tere o te RPM, tera pea kei te kaha rawa tana pana.
He uaua te whakarongo ki ngā pā e māmā rawa ana (arā, he iti rawa te pēhanga), nō reira he āwhina pea te aro ki te rere o te mura i tēnei take. Mā te whakakoi i te maitai kore waikura ka puta he mura pouri ake i te maitai waro, engari me kitea tonu, me puta ōrite mai i te wāhi mahi. Ki te kite ohorere te kaiwhakahaere i te iti o ngā mura, tera pea nā te kore e nui te kaha e whakamahia ana, nā te kore rānei e whakakikoruatia te wira.
Me pupuri hoki e ngā kaiwhakahaere he koki mahi pumau. Mēnā ka whakatata atu rātou ki te mea mahi i te koki tika tata (tata whakarara ki te mea mahi), ka nui te werawera; ki te whakatata atu rātou i te koki nui rawa (tata poutū), ka tūpono pea ka pakaru te taha o te wira ki te konganuku. Mēnā he wira momo 27 tā rātou e whakamahi ana, me whakatata atu rātou ki te mahi i te koki 20 ki te 30 nekehanga. Mēnā he wira momo 29 tā rātou, me tata ki te 10 nekehanga te koki mahi.
Ko ngā wira huri momo 28 (whakawhāiti) e whakamahia ana mō te huri i ngā mata papatahi hei tango i ngā rauemi i runga i ngā ara huri whānui. Ka pai ake hoki te mahi a ēnei wira whakawhāiti i ngā koki huri iti (tata ki te 5 nekehanga) kia āwhina ai ki te whakaiti i te ngenge o te kaiwhakahaere.
Ka puta mai tētahi atu āhuatanga nui i tēnei: ​​te whiriwhiri i te momo wira huri tika. He pūwāhi whakapā te mata whakarewa mō te wira momo 27, he rārangi whakapā tō te wira momo 28 nā tōna āhua kōniko, ā, he mata whakapā tō te wira momo 29.
Ka taea e ngā wira momo 27 tino noa o ēnei rā te mahi i ngā wāhi maha, engari nā te āhua o ēnei wira he uaua ki te mahi me ngā wāhanga me ngā piko hōhonu, pērā i ngā huihuinga ngongo maitai kore waikura kua whakarewaina. Mā te āhua o te wira Momo 29 ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te huri i ngā mata piko me ngā mata papatahi. Mā te wira Momo 29 tēnei e mahi mā te whakanui ake i te horahanga pa o te mata, ko te tikanga kāore e hiahiatia e te kaiwhakahaere te whakapau i te wā roa ki te huri i ia wāhi – he rautaki pai hei whakaiti i te wera e kohia ana.
Ina hoki, e pā ana tēnei ki tētahi wira huri. I te wā e huri ana, kaua te kaiwhakahaere e noho ki te wāhi kotahi mō te wā roa. Me kī kei te tango te kaiwhakahaere i te konganuku mai i tētahi poro e hia putu te roa. Ka taea e ia te akiaki i te wira i roto i ngā nekehanga poto ki runga, ki raro, engari ka taea e tēnei te wera rawa o te mea mahi nā te mea ka noho te wira ki tētahi wāhi iti mō te wā roa. Hei whakaiti i te wera e uru mai ana, ka taea e te kaiwhakahaere te whakahaere i te whakarewa katoa i te taha kotahi i te ihu kotahi, kātahi ka hiki ake i te taputapu (kia whakamatao te mea mahi) ka tukuna te mea mahi ki te taha kotahi i te ihu kē. Ka mahi ētahi atu tikanga, engari kotahi te mea e rite ana: ka karohia e rātou te wera rawa mā te pupuri i te wira huri kia neke.
Ka āwhinahia hoki tēnei e ngā tikanga "heru" e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Mehemea kei te huri te kaiwhakahaere i tētahi hononga whakarewa i te tūranga papatahi. Hei whakaiti i te ahotea wera me te keri nui, kāore ia i pana i te huri i te taha o te hononga. Engari, ka tīmata ia i te pito ka whakahaere i te huri i te taha o te hononga. Ka ārai hoki tēnei i te totohu rawa o te wira ki roto i te rauemi.
Ae, ka taea e tetahi tikanga te wera rawa te konganuku mēnā he puhoi rawa te mahi a te kaiwhakahaere. He puhoi rawa te mahi, ā, ka wera rawa te konganuku; ki te tere rawa te neke, ka roa pea te wā ki te oro. Ko te kimi i te wāhi tika mō te tere whāngai me whai wheako. Engari ki te kore te kaiwhakahaere e mōhio ki te mahi, ka taea e ia te huri i te para kia "rongo" ai i te tere whāngai e tika ana mō te konganuku.
Ko te rautaki whakaoti ka whakawhirinaki ki te āhua o te mata o te rauemi i a ia e tomo ana, e puta atu ana i te tari whakaoti. Whakatauhia he tīmatanga (te āhua o te mata kua whiwhihia) me te mutunga (me whakaoti), kātahi ka hanga he mahere hei kimi i te ara pai i waenganui i aua pūwāhi e rua.
He maha ngā wā kāore te ara pai e tīmata me te kirikiri tino kaha. Tērā pea he āhua rerekē tēnei. Nā te mea, he aha e kore ai e tīmata ki te onepu matotoru hei hanga i te mata taratara, kātahi ka neke atu ki te onepu pai ake? Kāore ianei e tino koretake te tīmata me te kirikiri pai ake?
Kāore pea, engari he pānga anō tēnei ki te āhua o te whakataurite. I te mea ka tutukihia he kirikiri pai ake i ia taahiraa, ka whakakapia e te whakamakuku ngā karawarawa hohonu ake ki ngā karawarawa pai ake, pai ake. Ki te tīmata me te pepa kirikiri 40, me te paraharaha hurihuri rānei, ka waiho he karawarawa hohonu ki runga i te konganuku. He pai ki te mea ka whakatata atu ēnei karawarawa i te mata ki te mutunga e hiahiatia ana, koia te take e wātea ana ngā rauemi whakaoti kirikiri 40. Heoi, ki te tono te kiritaki i te mutunga #4 (karawarawa aronga), ka roa te wā ki te tango i ngā karawarawa hohonu e waiho ana e te kirikiri #40. Ka haere ngā kaimahi ki ngā rahi kirikiri maha, ka pau rānei te wā ki te whakamahi i ngā mea whakakoi kirikiri pai hei tango i aua karawarawa nui, ka whakakapia ki ngā mea iti ake. Ehara i te mea he koretake noa iho tēnei katoa, engari ka wera rawa hoki te mea mahi.
He pono, he puhoi te whakamahi i ngā kirikiri kirikiri pai ki runga i ngā mata taratara, ā, ki te kore e pai te mahi, ka nui rawa te wera. Ka taea e ngā kōpae e rua-i-te-kotahi, e whakarara ana rānei, te āwhina i tēnei. Kei roto i ēnei kōpae ngā kakahu kirikiri kua whakakotahihia ki ngā rauemi maimoatanga mata. Mā ēnei ka taea e te kaimahi toi te whakamahi i ngā kirikiri hei tango i te rauemi, me te waiho i te mutunga maeneene.
Ko te taahiraa e whai ake nei i roto i te whakaotinga ka uru atu ki te whakamahi i ngā papanga kore-whatu, e whakaatu ana i tētahi atu āhuatanga whakaotinga ahurei: ka pai te mahi a te tukanga me ngā taputapu hiko tere rerekē. Ka taea e te huri koki e rere ana i te 10,000 rpm te whakahaere i ētahi rauemi whakakoi, engari ka rewa katoatia ētahi rauemi kore-whatu. Nā tēnei take, ka puhoi ngā whakaotinga ki te 3,000-6,000 rpm i mua i te whakaotinga i ngā mea kore-whatu. Ko te tikanga, ko te tere tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tono me ngā mea e pau ana. Hei tauira, ko ngā pahu kore-whatu ka huri i te 3,000 ki te 4,000 rpm, ko ngā kōpae maimoatanga mata ka huri i te 4,000 ki te 6,000 rpm.
Mā te whai i ngā taputapu tika (ngā huri tere rerekē, ngā rauemi whakaoti rerekē) me te whakatau i te maha o ngā hikoinga pai rawa atu ka puta he mahere e whakaatu ana i te ara pai i waenga i te rauemi e haere mai ana me te rauemi kua oti. Ko te ara tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tono, engari ko ngā kaitapahi mohio e whai ana i tēnei ara mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tapahi ōrite.
Ka oti te mata o te kowiri tira i ngā rōra kore-whatu. Mō te whakaotinga whai hua me te roa o te whakamahinga, ka rerekē te tere hurihuri o ngā rauemi whakaoti rerekē.
Tuatahi, ka roa te wā. Mēnā ka kite rātou kei te wera haere tētahi wahi angiangi o te maitai kore waikura, ka mutu tā rātou whakaoti i tētahi wāhi ka tīmata i tētahi atu wāhi. Tērā pea kei te mahi rātou i ngā taonga toi e rua i te wā kotahi. Me mahi paku ki tētahi, kātahi ki tētahi atu, kia whakamatao te wahi kē.
Ina whakakanapahia kia rite ki te whakaata, ka taea e te kaikanapa te whakakanapa whakawhiti me te pahu whakakanapa, te kōpae whakakanapa rānei i te ahunga poutū ki te taahiraa o mua. Mā te whakakanapa whakawhiti ka whakamāramahia ngā wāhi e tika ana kia hanumi ki te tauira karawarawa o mua, engari kāore tonu e kawe mai i te mata ki te whakaoti whakaata #8. Kia tangohia ngā karawarawa katoa, ka hiahiatia he kakahu huruhuru me te papa whakakanapa hei hanga i te mutunga kanapa e hiahiatia ana.
Hei whakatutuki i te whakaotinga tika, me whakarato ngā kaihanga i ngā taputapu tika ki ngā kaiwhakaoti, tae atu ki ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi tūturu, me ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, pērā i te hanga tauira paerewa hei whakatau i te āhua o tētahi whakaotinga. Mā ēnei tauira (kei te taha o te tari whakaotinga, i roto i ngā pepa whakangungu, me ngā tuhinga hokohoko) ka āwhina i te katoa kia mau tonu te whakaaro kotahi.
Mō ngā taputapu tuturu (tae atu ki ngā taputapu hiko me ngā mea whakakoi), ka uaua pea te āhua o ētahi wāhanga ahakoa mō te tīma whakaoti tino mātau. Ka āwhina tēnei i ngā taputapu ngaio.
Me kī me hanga e te kaiwhakahaere he paipa maitai kore waikura he angiangi te pakitara. Mā te whakamahi i ngā kōpae taupoki, i ngā pahu rānei, ka raru pea, ka wera rawa, ā, i ētahi wā ka papatahi te ngongo. Koinei te wāhi ka taea e ngā huri whitiki i hangaia mō ngā paipa te āwhina. Ka hipokina e te whitiki kawe te nuinga o te diameter o te paipa, ka tohatoha i ngā pūwāhi whakapā, ka whakanui ake i te pai me te whakaiti i te wera e uru mai ana. Heoi, pērā i ngā mea katoa, me neke tonu e te kaimahi te huri whitiki ki tētahi atu wāhi hei whakaiti i te nui o te wera e kohia ana, me te karo hoki i te kikorangi.
Pērā anō hoki mō ētahi atu taputapu whakaoti ngaio. Whakaarohia he mīhini huri whitiki i hangaia mō ngā wāhi uaua ki te tae atu. Ka taea e te mīhini huri whitiki te whakamahi hei hanga i tētahi hononga miro i waenganui i ngā papa e rua i tētahi koki koi. Engari i te neke poutū i te mīhini huri whitiki matihao (pērā i te paraihe i ō niho), ka nekehia e te tohunga hangarau i runga i te taha o runga o te hononga miro, kātahi ki raro, me te whakarite kia kaua te mīhini huri whitiki matihao e noho roa ki tētahi wāhi. mō te wā roa. roa.
Ko te whakarewa, te huri me te whakaoti i te maitai kore waikura he wero anō: te whakarite kia tika te whakakorenga. Whai muri i ēnei raruraru katoa, i toe tonu tetahi paru ki te mata o te rauemi hei aukati i te hanganga taiao o te paparanga chromium maitai kore waikura ki runga i te mata katoa? Ko te mea whakamutunga e hiahiatia ana e te kaihanga ko te amuamu a te kaihoko riri mō ngā wāhanga waikura, paru rānei. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi ai te horoi tika me te whai i ngā mea.
Ka taea e te horoi hikohiko te āwhina i te tango i ngā poke kia tika ai te whakakorenga, engari āhea me mahi tēnei horoinga? Kei te whakamahinga te tikanga. Mena ka horoia e ngā kaihanga te kowiri tira hei whakarite kia tino whakakorenga, ka mahia tonutia e rātou i muri i te whakarewanga. Ki te kore e pena, ka mimiti pea te rauemi whakaoti i ngā poke o te mata mai i te mea mahi ka tohatoha atu ki ētahi atu wāhi. Heoi, mō ētahi whakamahinga nui, ka tāpirihia pea e ngā kaihanga ētahi atu mahi horoi—tērā pea ka whakamātautau mō te whakakorenga tika i mua i te wehenga atu o te kowiri tira i te papa wheketere.
Me kī kei te whakarewahia e te kaihanga tētahi wāhanga kowiri tira nui mō te umanga karihi. Ka hangaia e te kaiwhakarewa tungsten arc ngaio he hononga maeneene e tino pai ana te āhua. Engari anō, he tono nui tēnei. Ka whakamahia e tētahi mema o te tari whakaoti he paraihe e hono ana ki tētahi pūnaha horoi hikohiko hei horoi i te mata o tētahi whakarewa. Kātahi ka orohia e ia te whakarewa ki tētahi mea whakakoi kore-whatu me tētahi kakahu muru, ā, ka oti katoa ngā mea kia maeneene te mata. Kātahi ka tae mai te paraihe whakamutunga me tētahi pūnaha horoi hikohiko. I muri i te rā kotahi, e rua rānei o te wā whakatā, whakamahia he whakamātautau kawe hei tirotiro i te wāhanga mō te tika o te korenga o te mahi. Ko ngā hua, i tuhia me te tiakina me te mahi, i whakaatu kua tino kore te mahi o te wāhanga i mua i te wehenga atu i te wheketere.
I te nuinga o ngā whare hanga, ko te huri, te whakaoti, me te horoi i te korekore o te maitai ka mahia i ngā mahi e whai ake nei. Inaa, i te nuinga o te wā ka mahia i mua tata tonu i te tukunga o te mahi.
Ko ngā wāhanga i hangaia he mea hē te mīhini ka hanga i ētahi o ngā para me ngā mahi anō tino utu nui, nō reira he mea tika kia tirohia anō e ngā kaihanga ā rātou tari oro me te whakaoti. Mā ngā whakapainga o te huri me te whakaoti ka āwhina i te whakakore i ngā arai matua, te whakapai ake i te kounga, te whakakore i ngā āwangawanga, ā, ko te mea nui, te whakanui ake i te pai o te kiritaki.
Ko FABRICATOR te maheni hanga me te hanga rino matua o Amerika Te Raki. Ka whakaputahia e te maheni ngā purongo, ngā tuhinga hangarau me ngā kōrero angitu e āhei ai ngā kaihanga ki te mahi i ā rātou mahi me te whai hua ake. Kei roto a FABRICATOR i te umanga mai i te tau 1970.
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