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TiO2 wani abu ne na semiconductor da ake amfani da shi don canza hasken lantarki. Domin inganta amfani da haske, an haɗa ƙwayoyin nickel da azurfa sulfide a saman nanowires na TiO2 ta hanyar amfani da hanyar nutsewa da rage hasken haske. An gudanar da jerin nazarin aikin kariyar cathodic na nanocomposites na Ag/NiS/TiO2 akan ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe, kuma an ƙara fasalin, abun da ke ciki, da halayen shayewar haske na kayan. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa nanocomposites na Ag/NiS/TiO2 da aka shirya na iya samar da mafi kyawun kariyar cathodic ga ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe lokacin da adadin zagayowar hazo na nickel sulfide shine 6 kuma yawan rage hasken nitrate na azurfa shine 0.1M.
Amfani da semiconductors na nau'in n-type don kare photocathode ta amfani da hasken rana ya zama babban batu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Idan hasken rana ya burge, electrons daga valence band (VB) na kayan semiconductor za su shiga cikin conduction band (CB) don samar da photogenerated electrons. Idan ikon conduction band na semiconductor ko nanocomposite ya fi korau fiye da ikon etching kai na ƙarfe da aka ɗaure, waɗannan electrons ɗin da aka ƙirƙira za su canza zuwa saman ƙarfe da aka ɗaure. Tarin electrons zai haifar da cathodic polarization na ƙarfe kuma yana ba da kariya ta cathodic na ƙarfe da ke da alaƙa1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Ana ɗaukar kayan semiconductor a matsayin photoanode mara hadaya, tunda amsawar anodic ba ya lalata kayan semiconductor da kansa, amma oxidation na ruwa ta hanyar ramukan da aka ƙirƙira ko gurɓatattun abubuwa masu ɗauke da sinadarai, ko kasancewar masu tarawa don kama ramukan da aka ƙirƙira. Mafi mahimmanci, kayan semiconductor dole ne su sami damar CB wanda ya fi korau fiye da ƙarfin tsatsa na ƙarfe da ake karewa. Sai kawai a lokacin ne za a iya fitar da electrons ɗin da aka samar da hoto daga hanyar sadarwa ta semiconductor zuwa ƙarfe mai kariya. Nazarin juriya ga lalata ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin daukar hoto sun mayar da hankali kan kayan semiconductor marasa tsari irin na n-type tare da gibin band mai faɗi (3.0–3.2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7, waɗanda ke amsawa ga hasken ultraviolet kawai (<400 nm), wanda ke rage samuwar haske. Nazarin juriya ga lalata ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin daukar hoto sun mayar da hankali kan kayan semiconductor marasa tsari irin na n-type tare da gibin band mai faɗi (3.0–3.2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7, waɗanda ke amsawa ga hasken ultraviolet kawai (<400 nm), wanda ke rage samuwar haske. Исследования стойкости к фотохимической корррозии с широкой запрещенной зоной (3,0-3,2 EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7, которые нм), уменьшение доступности света. Bincike kan juriya ga lalata ta hanyar amfani da na'urorin photochemical ya mayar da hankali kan kayan semiconductor marasa tsari irin na n-type tare da faffadan bandgap (3.0–3.2 EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7 waɗanda ke amsawa kawai ga hasken ultraviolet (<400 nm), wanda hakan ya rage yawan hasken da ake samu.光化学耐腐蚀性研究主要集中在具有宽带隙(3.0–3.2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7 的无机n型半导体材料上，这些材料仅对紫外光（< 400 nm）有响应，减少光的可用性。光 化学 耐腐 蚀性 研究 主要 在 具有 宽带有 宽带隙型 料 上 ， 这些 材料 仅 对 （<400 nm） 有 有 有 有 有 有 有有 有响应，减少光的可用性。 Исследования стойкости к фотохимической корррозии в основном материалах n-типа с широкой запрещенной запрещенной зоной (3,0–3,2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7, которые чувствительныы (<400 nm). Bincike kan juriyar lalata ta hanyar amfani da sinadarai ya fi mayar da hankali kan faffadan bandgap (3.0–3.2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7 kayan semiconductor marasa tsari waɗanda ke da sauƙin kamuwa da hasken UV kawai. (<400 nm).A martanin da aka bayar, samuwar haske yana raguwa.
A fannin kariyar tsatsa ta ruwa, fasahar kariyar cathodic ta photoelectrochemical tana taka muhimmiyar rawa. TiO2 wani abu ne na semiconductor wanda ke da kyakkyawan shaƙar hasken UV da kuma halayen photocatalytic. Duk da haka, saboda ƙarancin amfani da haske, ramukan electron da aka samar da photoelectron suna sake haɗuwa cikin sauƙi kuma ba za a iya kare su a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai duhu ba. Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don nemo mafita mai ma'ana da yuwuwa. An ruwaito cewa ana iya amfani da hanyoyi da yawa na gyaran saman don inganta yanayin photosensitivity na TiO2, kamar yin amfani da Fe, N, da haɗawa da Ni3S2, Bi2Se3, CdTe, da sauransu. Saboda haka, ana amfani da haɗin TiO2 tare da kayan aiki masu inganci wajen canza photoelectric a fannin kariyar cathodic da aka samar.
Nickel sulfide abu ne na semiconductor wanda ke da ƙaramin tazara ta 1.24 eV8.9 kawai. Yayin da tazara ta kunkuntar tazara, haka nan amfani da haske ke ƙaruwa. Bayan an haɗa nickel sulfide da saman titanium dioxide, ana iya ƙara yawan amfani da haske. Idan aka haɗa shi da titanium dioxide, zai iya inganta ingancin rabuwar electrons da ramuka masu haifar da photogenerated yadda ya kamata. Ana amfani da nickel sulfide sosai a cikin samar da hydrogen na lantarki, batura da kuma gurɓataccen gurɓata 8,9,10. Duk da haka, ba a bayar da rahoton amfani da shi a cikin kariyar photocathode ba tukuna. A cikin wannan binciken, an zaɓi wani ƙaramin abu na semiconductor don magance matsalar ƙarancin ingancin amfani da hasken TiO2. An ɗaure ƙananan ƙwayoyin nickel da azurfa sulfide a saman nanowires na TiO2 ta hanyar nutsewa da hanyoyin rage hasken, bi da bi. Nanocomposite na Ag/NiS/TiO2 yana inganta ingancin amfani da haske kuma yana faɗaɗa kewayon sha haske daga yankin ultraviolet zuwa yankin da ake gani. A halin yanzu, ajiyar ƙwayoyin nanoparticles na azurfa yana ba wa Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na gani da kuma kariyar cathodic mai ƙarfi.
Da farko, an yanke wani fim ɗin titanium mai kauri mm 0.1 tare da tsarkin kashi 99.9% zuwa girman 30 mm × 10 mm don gwaje-gwaje. Sannan, an goge kowace saman foil ɗin titanium sau 100 da sandpaper mai launin toka 2500, sannan a wanke a jere da acetone, absolute ethanol, da ruwan da aka tace. Sanya farantin titanium a cikin cakuda 85 °C (sodium hydroxide: sodium carbonate: water = 5:2:100) na tsawon minti 90, a cire a kurkure da ruwan da aka tace. An yi wa saman fenti da maganin HF (HF:H2O = 1:5) na tsawon minti 1, sannan a wanke a madadin da acetone, ethanol, da ruwan da aka tace, sannan a ƙarshe a bushe don amfani. An ƙera nanowires na titanium dioxide cikin sauri a saman foil ɗin titanium ta hanyar tsarin anodizing mataki ɗaya. Don anodizing, ana amfani da tsarin electrode na gargajiya mai nau'i biyu, electrode mai aiki shine takardar titanium, kuma electrode mai amfani shine electrode na platinum. Sanya farantin titanium a cikin ruwan NaOH mai nauyin 400 ml 2 M tare da maƙallan lantarki. Wutar wutar lantarki ta DC tana da ƙarfi a kusan 1.3 A. An kiyaye zafin maganin a 80°C na tsawon mintuna 180 yayin da ake yin aikin tsarin. An fitar da takardar titanium, an wanke da acetone da ethanol, an wanke da ruwan da aka tace, sannan aka busar da shi ta halitta. Sannan an sanya samfuran a cikin tanda mai murfi a 450°C (ƙarfin dumama 5°C/min), an ajiye su a zafin da ba ya canzawa na tsawon mintuna 120, sannan a sanya su a cikin tiren bushewa.
An samo haɗin nickel sulfide-titanium dioxide ta hanyar amfani da hanyar dip-deposition mai sauƙi da sauƙi. Da farko, an narkar da nickel nitrate (0.03 M) a cikin ethanol kuma an ajiye shi a ƙarƙashin motsin maganadisu na tsawon mintuna 20 don samun maganin ethanol na nickel nitrate. Sannan a shirya sodium sulfide (0.03 M) tare da maganin methanol mai gauraya (methanol:water = 1:1). Sannan, an sanya allunan titanium dioxide a cikin maganin da aka shirya a sama, an cire su bayan mintuna 4, sannan a wanke su da sauri da maganin methanol da ruwa mai gauraya (methanol:water = 1:1) na minti 1. Bayan saman ya bushe, an sanya allunan a cikin tanda mai murfi, an dumama su a cikin injin tsabtace iska a 380°C na minti 20, a sanyaya su zuwa zafin ɗaki, sannan a busar da su. Adadin zagaye 2, 4, 6 da 8.
An gyara ƙwayoyin Ag nanoparticles na Ag/NiS/TiO2 ta hanyar photoreduction12,13. An sanya sinadarin Ag/NiS/TiO2 da aka samu a cikin ruwan nitrate na azurfa da ake buƙata don gwajin. Sannan an yi amfani da hasken ultraviolet na tsawon mintuna 30, an tsaftace saman su da ruwan da aka cire daga ion, kuma an samo sinadarin Ag/NiS/TiO2 ta hanyar busarwa ta halitta. Tsarin gwajin da aka bayyana a sama an nuna shi a Hoto na 1.
An fi siffanta nanocomposites na Ag/NiS/TiO2 ta hanyar amfani da na'urar daukar hoton lantarki mai daukar hoton fitar da iskar lantarki (FESEM), na'urar daukar hoton lantarki mai watsawa ta makamashi (EDS), na'urar daukar hoton X-ray photoelectron (XPS), da kuma hasken da ke fitowa a cikin hasken ultraviolet da kuma a bayyane (UV-Vis). An yi FESEM ta amfani da na'urar daukar hoton Nova NanoSEM 450 (FEI Corporation, Amurka). Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai sauri 1 kV, girman tabo 2.0. Na'urar tana amfani da na'urar binciken CBS don karɓar na'urorin lantarki na biyu da na baya don nazarin yanayin ƙasa. An gudanar da EMF ta amfani da tsarin Oxford X-Max N50 EMF (Oxford Instruments Technology Co., Ltd.) tare da ƙarfin lantarki mai sauri na 15 kV da girman tabo na 3.0. Nazari mai inganci da adadi ta amfani da na'urorin X-ray masu hazaka. An yi gwajin hasken X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy akan na'urar auna haske ta Escalab 250Xi (Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation, Amurka) wacce ke aiki a cikin yanayin kuzari mai ƙarfi tare da ƙarfin motsawa na 150 W da kuma hasken Al Kα monochromatic (1486.6 eV) a matsayin tushen motsawa. An yi amfani da cikakken kewayon dubawa 0–1600 eV, jimlar kuzari 50 eV, faɗin mataki 1.0 eV, da kuma gurɓataccen carbon (~284.8 eV) a matsayin nassoshi na gyaran cajin kuzari. Ƙarfin wucewa don duba kunkuntar shine 20 eV tare da mataki na 0.05 eV. An yi gwajin hasken haske mai yaɗuwa a yankin da UV ke iya gani akan na'urar auna haske ta Cary 5000 (Varian, Amurka) tare da farantin barium sulfate na yau da kullun a cikin kewayon dubawa na 10–80°.
A cikin wannan aikin, abun da ke cikin (kashi na nauyi) na ƙarfe 304 mai bakin ƙarfe shine 0.08 C, 1.86 Mn, 0.72 Si, 0.035 P, 0.029 s, 18.25 Cr, 8.5 Ni, sauran kuma shine Fe. 10mm x 10mm x 10mm 304 bakin ƙarfe, an saka epoxy a cikin tukunya tare da faɗin saman da aka fallasa na 1 cm2. An yayyafa saman sa da yashi mai girman 2400 na silicon carbide sannan aka wanke shi da ethanol. Sannan an saka ƙarfen mai launin sonicated a cikin ruwan da aka cire ionized na tsawon mintuna 5 sannan aka adana shi a cikin tanda.
A cikin gwajin OCP, an sanya ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe da kuma Ag/NiS/TiO2 photoanode a cikin ƙwayar tsatsa da kuma ƙwayar photoanode, bi da bi (Hoto na 2). An cika ƙwayar tsatsa da maganin NaCl 3.5%, kuma an zuba 0.25 M Na2SO3 a cikin ƙwayar photoanode a matsayin tarko na rami. An raba electrolytes guda biyu daga cakuda ta amfani da membrane naphthol. An auna OCP a kan wurin aiki na electrochemical (P4000+, Amurka). Elektrode ɗin da aka ambata shine electrode calomel mai cike da sinadarai (SCE). An sanya tushen haske (fitilar xenon, PLS-SXE300C, Poisson Technologies Co., Ltd.) da farantin yankewa 420 a wurin fitar da hasken, wanda hakan ya ba da damar haske mai gani ya ratsa ta gilashin quartz zuwa ga photoanode. Elektrode ɗin bakin ƙarfe 304 an haɗa shi da photoanode tare da wayar jan ƙarfe. Kafin gwajin, an jiƙa electrode na bakin ƙarfe 304 a cikin maganin NaCl na 3.5% na tsawon awanni 2 don tabbatar da yanayin da ya dace. A farkon gwajin, lokacin da aka kunna ko aka kashe hasken, electrons masu motsawa na photoanode suna isa saman ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe ta cikin wayar.
A cikin gwaje-gwaje kan yawan hasken rana, an sanya 304SS da Ag/NiS/TiO2 photoanodes a cikin ƙwayoyin tsatsa da ƙwayoyin photoanode, bi da bi (Hoto na 3). An auna yawan hasken rana a kan saitin da OCP ya yi. Don samun ainihin yawan hasken rana tsakanin ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe da photoanode, an yi amfani da potentiostat azaman ammeter mai juriya sifili don haɗa ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe da photoanode a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba ya rabuwa. Don yin wannan, an yi amfani da electrodes na tunani da na counter a cikin saitin gwaji, don haka wurin aiki na electrochemical ya yi aiki azaman ammeter mai juriya sifili wanda zai iya auna ainihin yawan hasken rana. An haɗa electrode na bakin ƙarfe 304 zuwa ƙasan wurin aiki na electrochemical, kuma an haɗa photoanode da maƙallin lantarki mai aiki. A farkon gwajin, lokacin da aka kunna da kashe hasken, electrons masu motsawa na photoanode ta cikin waya suna isa saman ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe. A wannan lokacin, ana iya ganin canji a yawan hasken rana a saman ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe.
Domin nazarin aikin kariyar cathodic na nanocomposites akan bakin karfe 304, an gwada canje-canje a cikin yuwuwar photoionization na bakin karfe 304 da nanocomposites, da kuma canje-canje a cikin yawan hasken rana na photoionization tsakanin nanocomposites da bakin karfe 304, an gwada su.
A hoto na 4 yana nuna canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin da'irar buɗewa na ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe da nanocomposites a ƙarƙashin hasken haske da ake iya gani da kuma ƙarƙashin yanayi mai duhu. A hoto na 4a yana nuna tasirin lokacin da aka ajiye NiS ta hanyar nutsewa akan ƙarfin da'irar buɗewa, kuma hoto na 4b yana nuna tasirin yawan nitrate na azurfa akan ƙarfin da'irar buɗewa yayin rage hasken. A hoto na 4a yana nuna cewa ƙarfin da'irar buɗewa na NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite da aka haɗa da ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe yana raguwa sosai a lokacin da aka kunna fitilar idan aka kwatanta da haɗin nickel sulfide. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarfin da'irar buɗewa ya fi na nanowires na TiO2 na tsabta mara kyau, yana nuna cewa haɗin nickel sulfide yana samar da ƙarin electrons kuma yana inganta tasirin kariyar photocathode daga TiO2. Duk da haka, a ƙarshen fallasa, ƙarfin da'irar da ba ta da kaya yana ƙaruwa da sauri zuwa ƙarfin da ba ta da kaya na bakin ƙarfe, yana nuna cewa nickel sulfide ba shi da tasirin adana makamashi. Ana iya lura da tasirin adadin zagayowar da'irar nutsewa akan ƙarfin da'irar buɗewa a Hoto na 4a. A lokacin da aka ajiye na 6, ƙarfin nanocomposite ɗin ya kai -550 mV idan aka kwatanta da cikakken calomel electrode, kuma ƙarfin nanocomposite ɗin da aka ajiye da factor 6 ya yi ƙasa sosai da na nanocomposite ɗin a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi. Don haka, nanocomposites ɗin NiS/TiO2 da aka samu bayan zagayowar ajiya na 6 sun samar da mafi kyawun kariyar cathodic ga ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe.
Canje-canje a cikin OCP na lantarki masu bakin ƙarfe 304 tare da nanocomposites na NiS/TiO2 (a) da nanocomposites na Ag/NiS/TiO2 (b) tare da haske da kuma ba tare da shi ba (λ > 400 nm).
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto na 4b, ƙarfin da'irar buɗewa ta ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe da nanocomposites na Ag/NiS/TiO2 ya ragu sosai lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga haske. Bayan an ajiye saman nanoparticles na azurfa, ƙarfin da'irar buɗewa ya ragu sosai idan aka kwatanta da nanowires na TiO2 tsarkakakku. Ƙarfin nanocomposite na NiS/TiO2 ya fi muni, yana nuna cewa tasirin kariyar cathodic na TiO2 yana inganta sosai bayan an ajiye nanoparticles na Ag. Ƙarfin da'irar buɗewa ya ƙaru da sauri a ƙarshen fallasa, kuma idan aka kwatanta da na'urar calomel mai cike da cikakken haske, ƙarfin da'irar buɗewa zai iya kaiwa -580 mV, wanda ya yi ƙasa da na ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe (-180 mV). Wannan sakamakon yana nuna cewa nanocomposite yana da tasirin adana makamashi mai ban mamaki bayan an ajiye ƙwayoyin azurfa a saman sa. A kan hoto na 4b kuma yana nuna tasirin yawan nitrate na azurfa akan ƙarfin da'irar buɗewa. A yawan nitrate na azurfa na 0.1 M, ƙarfin iyakancewa dangane da electrode calomel mai cike da cikakken ya kai -925 mV. Bayan zagayowar aikace-aikace guda 4, ƙarfin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a matakin bayan aikace-aikacen farko, wanda ke nuna kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na nanocomposite. Don haka, a cikin yawan nitrate na azurfa na 0.1 M, sakamakon nanocomposite na Ag/NiS/TiO2 yana da mafi kyawun tasirin kariya na cathodic akan bakin karfe 304.
A hankali, ajiyar NiS a saman nanowires na TiO2 ke inganta tare da ƙara lokacin ajiyar NiS. Lokacin da haske mai gani ya bugi saman nanowire ɗin, ƙarin wuraren aiki na nickel sulfide suna da sha'awar samar da electrons, kuma yuwuwar ɗaukar hoto yana raguwa da yawa. Duk da haka, lokacin da aka ajiye nanoparticles na nickel sulfide da yawa a saman, ana rage nickel sulfide mai motsawa, wanda ba ya ba da gudummawa ga ɗaukar haske. Bayan an ajiye barbashin azurfa a saman, saboda tasirin plasmon na saman barbashin azurfa, za a canja wutar lantarki da aka samar da sauri zuwa saman ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe, wanda ke haifar da kyakkyawan tasirin kariya na cathodic. Lokacin da aka ajiye barbashin azurfa da yawa a saman, barbashin azurfa sun zama wurin haɗuwa don photoelectrons da ramuka, wanda ba ya ba da gudummawa ga samar da photoelectrons. A ƙarshe, nanocomposites na Ag/NiS/TiO2 na iya samar da mafi kyawun kariya ta cathodic don ƙarfe 304 bayan ajiyar nickel sulfide sau 6 a ƙarƙashin nitrate na azurfa 0.1 M.
Ƙimar yawan hasken rana tana wakiltar ƙarfin rabuwar electrons da ramukan da aka samar ta hanyar photocurrent, kuma girman yawan hasken rana, ƙarfin rabuwar electrons da ramukan da aka samar ta hanyar photocatalytic yana ƙaruwa. Akwai bincike da yawa da ke nuna cewa ana amfani da NiS sosai wajen haɗa kayan photocatalytic don inganta halayen photoelectric na kayan aiki da kuma raba ramuka15,16,17,18,19,20. Chen da abokan aikinsa sun yi nazarin graphene marasa ƙarfe da g-C3N4 waɗanda aka gyara tare da NiS15. Matsakaicin ƙarfin hasken rana na g-C3N4/0.25%RGO/3%NiS da aka gyara shine 0.018 μA/cm2. Chen da abokan aikinsa sun yi nazarin CdSe-NiS tare da yawan hasken rana na kimanin 10 µA/cm2.16. Liu da abokan aikinsa sun haɗa wani haɗin CdS@NiS tare da yawan hasken rana na 15 µA/cm218. Duk da haka, ba a bayar da rahoton amfani da NiS don kariyar photocathode ba tukuna. A cikin bincikenmu, yawan hasken TiO2 ya ƙaru sosai ta hanyar gyaran NiS. A hoto na 5 ya nuna canje-canje a cikin yawan hasken TiO2 na bakin ƙarfe 304 da nanocomposites a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske da ba tare da haske ba. Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 5a, yawan hasken NiS/TiO2 na nanocomposite yana ƙaruwa da sauri a lokacin da aka kunna hasken, kuma yawan hasken yana da kyau, yana nuna kwararar electrons daga nanocomposite zuwa saman ta hanyar aikin lantarki. 304 bakin ƙarfe. Bayan shirya haɗakar nickel sulfide, yawan hasken ya fi na nanowires na TiO2 tsantsa. Yawan hasken NiS ya kai 220 μA/cm2, wanda ya fi na nanowires na TiO2 (32 μA/cm2) sau 6.8, lokacin da aka nutse NiS kuma aka ajiye shi sau 6. Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 5b, yawan hasken da ke tsakanin nanocomposite na Ag/NiS/TiO2 da bakin karfe 304 ya fi girma fiye da tsakanin TiO2 tsantsa da nanocomposite na NiS/TiO2 lokacin da aka kunna shi a ƙarƙashin fitilar xenon. A hoto na 5b kuma yana nuna tasirin yawan hasken da ke tsakanin na AgNO akan yawan hasken da ke tsakanin nano yayin rage hasken. A yawan hasken da ke tsakanin na azurfa da nitrate na 0.1 M, yawan hasken da ke tsakanin nanocomposite na TiO2 ya kai 410 μA/cm2, wanda ya fi na nanowires na TiO2 sau 12.8 (32 μA/cm2) da kuma sau 1.8 fiye da na nanocomposites na NiS/TiO2. An samar da filin lantarki mai heterojunction a hanyar haɗin Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite, wanda ke sauƙaƙe rabuwar electrons masu haifar da hasken da ke tsakanin nanocomposite.
Canje-canje a cikin yawan hasken wutar lantarki na na'urar lantarki ta bakin karfe 304 tare da (a) nanocomposite na NiS/TiO2 da (b) nanocomposite na Ag/NiS/TiO2 tare da haske da kuma ba tare da shi ba (λ > 400 nm).
Saboda haka, bayan zagaye 6 na nutsewar nickel sulfide a cikin nitrate mai ƙarfi na 0.1 M, yawan hasken rana tsakanin nanocomposites na Ag/NiS/TiO2 da bakin ƙarfe 304 ya kai 410 μA/cm2, wanda ya fi na calomel mai cike da sinadarai. electrodes ya kai -925 mV. A ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi, ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe tare da Ag/NiS/TiO2 na iya samar da mafi kyawun kariya daga cathodic.
A hoto na 6 yana nuna hotunan na'urorin microscope na saman lantarki na nanowires na titanium dioxide mai tsabta, nanoparticles na nickel sulfide masu haɗaka, da nanoparticles na azurfa a ƙarƙashin yanayi mafi kyau. A hoto na 6a, d yana nuna nanowires na TiO2 masu tsabta waɗanda aka samu ta hanyar anodization na mataki ɗaya. Rarraba saman nanowires na titanium dioxide iri ɗaya ne, tsarin nanowires suna kusa da juna, kuma rarraba girman ramin iri ɗaya ne. Hotuna na 6b da e sune micrographs na electron na titanium dioxide bayan an ninka shi sau 6 da kuma adana haɗin nickel sulfide. Daga hoton microscope na electron da aka ƙara girmansa sau 200,000 a Hoto na 6e, za a iya gani cewa nanoparticles na nickel sulfide masu haɗaka suna da kama da juna kuma suna da babban girman barbashi na kimanin 100-120 nm a diamita. Ana iya ganin wasu nanoparticles a matsayin sarari na nanowires, kuma nanowires na titanium dioxide suna bayyane. A hoto na 6c,f yana nuna hotunan nanocomposites na NiS/TiO2 masu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin yawan AgNO na 0.1 M. Idan aka kwatanta da Hotuna 6b da Hoto na 6e, Hoto na 6c da Hoto na 6f suna nuna cewa an ajiye ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na Ag a saman kayan haɗin, tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na Ag a rarraba su daidai gwargwado tare da diamita na kusan nm 10. A kan Hoto na 7 yana nuna wani sashe na giciye na fina-finan Ag/NiS/TiO2 da aka yi wa zagaye 6 na ajiyar NiS a cikin yawan AgNO3 na 0.1 M. Daga manyan hotunan girma, kauri na fim ɗin da aka auna shine 240-270 nm. Don haka, an haɗa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na nickel da azurfa sulfide a saman ƙananan ƙwayoyin TiO2.
Tsarkakken TiO2 (a, d), nanocomposites na NiS/TiO2 tare da zagaye 6 na dipping deposit na NiS (b, e) da Ag/NiS/NiS tare da zagaye 6 na dipping deposit na NiS a 0.1 M Hotunan AgNO3 SEM na nanocomposites na TiO2 (c, e).
Sashe na gaba na nanofilms na Ag/NiS/TiO2 da aka yi wa tiyatar cire NiS sau 6 a cikin wani adadin AgNO3 na 0.1 M.
A hoto na 8 yana nuna rarrabawar saman abubuwa a saman Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites da aka samu daga zagaye 6 na ajiyar nickel sulfide a yawan nitrate na azurfa na 0.1 M. Rarraba saman abubuwa ya nuna cewa an gano Ti, O, Ni, S da Ag. ta amfani da na'urar auna kuzari. Dangane da abun ciki, Ti da O sune abubuwan da aka fi sani a cikin rarrabawa, yayin da Ni da S kusan iri ɗaya ne, amma abun cikin su ya fi Ag ƙasa da haka. Haka kuma za a iya tabbatar da cewa adadin nanoparticles na azurfa da aka haɗa a saman ya fi na nickel sulfide girma. Rarraba abubuwa iri ɗaya a saman yana nuna cewa nickel da azurfa sulfide suna da alaƙa iri ɗaya a saman nanowires na TiO2. An kuma gudanar da nazarin X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic don nazarin takamaiman abun ciki da yanayin ɗaure abubuwa.
Rarraba abubuwan da ke cikin nanocomposites na Ag/NiS/TiO2 (Ti, O, Ni, S, da Ag) a cikin yawan AgNO3 na 0.1 M don zagayowar 6 na ajiyar NiS.
A hoto na 9 yana nuna siginar XPS na nanocomposites na Ag/NiS/TiO2 da aka samu ta amfani da zagaye 6 na ajiyar nickel sulfide ta hanyar nutsewa a cikin 0.1 M AgNO3, inda hoto na 9a shine cikakken siginar, kuma sauran siginar sune siginar ƙuduri mai girma na abubuwan. Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga cikakken siginar a Hoto na 9a, an sami kololuwar sha na Ti, O, Ni, S, da Ag a cikin nanocomposite, wanda ke tabbatar da wanzuwar waɗannan abubuwa biyar. Sakamakon gwajin ya yi daidai da EDS. Kololuwar da ta wuce a Hoto na 9a ita ce kololuwar carbon da aka yi amfani da ita don gyara kuzarin ɗaure samfurin. A hoto na 9b yana nuna babban siginar kuzari na Ti. Kololuwar sha na orbital 2p suna a 459.32 da 465 eV, waɗanda suka yi daidai da sha na orbital na Ti 2p3/2 da Ti 2p1/2. Kololuwa biyu na sha suna tabbatar da cewa titanium yana da ƙimar Ti4+, wanda yayi daidai da Ti a cikin TiO2.
Siffar XPS ta ma'aunin Ag/NiS/TiO2 (a) da siffar XPS mai inganci ta Ti2p(b), O1s(c), Ni2p(d), S2p(e), da Ag 3d(f).
A hoto na 9d yana nuna babban ƙarfin Ni mai ƙuduri tare da kololuwar sha huɗu don orbital Ni 2p. Kololuwar sha a 856 da 873.5 eV sun yi daidai da kololuwar Ni 2p3/2 da Ni 2p1/2 8.10, inda kololuwar sha na NiS ne. Kololuwar sha a 881 da 863 eV na nickel nitrate ne kuma sinadarin nickel nitrate ne ke haifar da shi yayin shirya samfurin. A hoto na 9e yana nuna babban ƙudurin S-spectrum. Kololuwar sha na kololuwar S 2p suna a 161.5 da 168.1 eV, waɗanda suka yi daidai da kololuwar S 2p3/2 da S 2p1/2 21, 22, 23, 24. Waɗannan kololuwar guda biyu suna cikin mahaɗan nickel sulfide. Kololuwar sha a 169.2 da 163.4 eV na sinadarin sodium sulfide ne. A hoto na 9f yana nuna babban ƙarfin Ag wanda kololuwar shaƙar azurfa ta 3d ke a 368.2 da 374.5 eV, bi da bi, kuma kololuwar shaƙa biyu sun yi daidai da kololuwar shaƙa ta Ag 3d5/2 da Ag 3d3/212, 13. Kololuwar da ke cikin waɗannan wurare biyu sun tabbatar da cewa nanoparticles na azurfa suna wanzu a yanayin azurfa na asali. Don haka, nanocomposites galibi sun ƙunshi Ag, NiS da TiO2, wanda aka ƙaddara ta hanyar X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa nanoparticles na nickel da azurfa sulfide an haɗa su cikin nasara a saman nanowires na TiO2.
A hoto na 10 yana nuna hasken UV-VIS mai yaduwa na nanowires na TiO2 da aka shirya sabo, nanocomposites na NiS/TiO2, da nanocomposites na Ag/NiS/TiO2. Ana iya gani daga hoton cewa iyakar sha na nanowires na TiO2 yana da kusan 390 nm, kuma hasken da aka sha ya fi yawa a yankin ultraviolet. Ana iya gani daga hoton cewa bayan haɗa nanoparticles na nickel da azurfa sulfide akan saman nanowires na titanium dioxide 21, 22, hasken da aka sha yana yaduwa zuwa yankin haske da ake iya gani. A lokaci guda, nanocomposite ya ƙara sha na UV, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙaramin rata na nickel sulfide. Yayin da rata ta band ta yi ƙasa, tonowar makamashi don sauyawar lantarki da kuma mafi girman matakin amfani da haske. Bayan haɗa saman NiS/TiO2 da nanoparticles na azurfa, ƙarfin sha da tsawon haske bai ƙaru sosai ba, galibi saboda tasirin plasmon resonance akan saman nanoparticles na azurfa. Tsawon sha na nanowires na TiO2 bai inganta sosai ba idan aka kwatanta da kunkuntar gibin da ke tsakanin nanoparticles na NiS. A taƙaice, bayan haɗa nickel sulfide da nanoparticles na azurfa a saman nanowires na titanium dioxide, halayen shan haskensa sun inganta sosai, kuma ana faɗaɗa kewayon sha na haske daga ultraviolet zuwa haske da ake iya gani, wanda ke inganta yawan amfani da nanowires na titanium dioxide. hasken da ke inganta ikon kayan don samar da photoelectrons.
Na'urorin UV/Vis masu nuna haske na sabbin na'urorin TiO2, na'urorin NiS/TiO2, da nanocomposites na Ag/NiS/TiO2.
A hoto na 11 ya nuna tsarin juriyar lalata ta hanyar amfani da sinadarai na Ag/NiS/TiO2 na nanocomposites a ƙarƙashin hasken da ake iya gani. Dangane da yuwuwar rarraba ƙwayoyin azurfa, nickel sulfide, da kuma hanyar sadarwa ta titanium dioxide, an gabatar da taswirar hanyar juriyar tsatsa. Saboda yuwuwar hanyar sadarwa ta nanosilver ba ta da kyau idan aka kwatanta da nickel sulfide, kuma yuwuwar hanyar sadarwa ta nickel sulfide ba ta da kyau idan aka kwatanta da titanium dioxide, alkiblar kwararar lantarki kusan Ag→NiS→TiO2→304 bakin karfe ne. Lokacin da aka haskaka haske a saman nanocomposite, saboda tasirin tasirin plasmon na saman nanosilver, nanosilver na iya samar da ramuka da electrons da aka samar da hotuna cikin sauri, kuma electrons da aka samar da hotuna cikin sauri suna motsawa daga matsayin valence band zuwa matsayin hanyar sadarwa saboda motsawa. Titanium dioxide da nickel sulfide. Tunda ikon sarrafa ƙwayoyin nanoparticles na azurfa ya fi na nickel sulfide muni, electrons a cikin TS na azurfa nanoparticles ana canza su cikin sauri zuwa TS na nickel sulfide. Ikon watsawa na nickel sulfide ya fi na titanium dioxide muni, don haka electrons na nickel sulfide da ikon watsawa na azurfa suna taruwa cikin sauri a cikin CB na titanium dioxide. Elektrons ɗin da aka samar ta hanyar photogenerated suna isa saman ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe ta hanyar matrix na titanium, kuma electrons masu wadatarwa suna shiga cikin tsarin rage iskar oxygen na cathodic na ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe. Wannan tsari yana rage amsawar cathodic kuma a lokaci guda yana danne amsawar narkewar anodic na ƙarfe 304, ta haka ne ake gane kariyar cathodic na bakin ƙarfe 304. Saboda samuwar filin lantarki na heterojunction a cikin Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite, ƙarfin watsawa na nanocomposite yana canzawa zuwa matsayi mafi muni, wanda ya inganta tasirin kariyar cathodic na bakin ƙarfe 304 cikin inganci.
Zane mai tsari na tsarin hana lalata na Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites a cikin haske mai gani.
A cikin wannan aikin, an haɗa ƙwayoyin nickel da azurfa sulfide a saman nanowires na TiO2 ta hanyar amfani da hanyar nutsewa da rage hasken haske. An gudanar da jerin bincike kan kariyar cathodic na nanocomposites na Ag/NiS/TiO2 akan ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe. Dangane da halayen siffar, nazarin abun da ke ciki da kuma nazarin halayen shan haske, an yanke manyan shawarwari masu zuwa:
Tare da yawan zagayowar da ke tattare da sinadarin nickel sulfide na 6 da kuma yawan sinadarin nitrate na azurfa don rage hasken 0.1 mol/l, sinadarin Ag/NiS/TiO2 da ya haifar yana da ingantaccen tasirin kariya daga cathodic akan bakin karfe 304. Idan aka kwatanta da sinadarin calomel mai cike da sinadarai, karfin kariya yana kaiwa -925 mV, kuma karfin kariya yana kaiwa 410 μA/cm2.
Ana samar da filin lantarki mai bambanci a hanyar sadarwa ta nanocomposite ta Ag/NiS/TiO2, wanda ke inganta ikon raba electrons da ramukan da aka samar ta hanyar photogenerated. A lokaci guda, ana ƙara yawan amfani da haske kuma ana faɗaɗa kewayon shaye-shayen haske daga yankin ultraviolet zuwa yankin da ake iya gani. Nanocomposite zai ci gaba da riƙe yanayinsa na asali tare da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali bayan zagaye 4.
Nanocomposites na Ag/NiS/TiO2 waɗanda aka shirya da gwaji suna da saman da ya dace kuma mai kauri. Nickel sulfide da nanoparticles na azurfa suna haɗuwa iri ɗaya a saman nanowires na TiO2. Cobalt ferrite da nanoparticles na azurfa suna da tsarki sosai.
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Li, H., Wang, XT, Liu, Y. & Hou, BR Ag da SnO2 sun haɗa kai wajen haɗa hotunan TiO2 don kariyar 304SS a ƙarƙashin haske da ake iya gani. Li, H., Wang, XT, Liu, Y. & Hou, BR Ag da SnO2 sun haɗa kai wajen haɗa hotunan TiO2 don kariyar 304SS a ƙarƙashin haske da ake iya gani. Li, H., Wang, XT, Liu, Y. & Hou, BR Ag и SnO2 совместно сенсибилизировали TiO2 для защиты 304SS в видимом. Li, H., Wang, XT, Liu, Y. & Hou, BR Ag da SnO2 sun haɗa hotunan TiO2 don kare 304SS a cikin haske mai gani. Li, H., Wang, XT, Liu, Y. & Hou, BR Ag 和SnO2 共敏化TiO2 光阳极，用于在可见光下保护304SS. Li, H., Wang, XT, Liu, Y. & Hou, BR Ag Li, H., Wang, XT, Liu, Y. & Hou, BR. Li, H., Wang, XT, Liu, Y. & Hou, BR A Ana haɗa TiO2 photoanode tare da Ag da SnO2 don kare haske mai gani na 304SS.koros. kimiyya. 82, 145–153 (2014).
Wen, ZH, Wang, N., Wang, J. & Hou, BR Ag da CoFe2O4 sun haɗa kai da nanowire na TiO2 don kariyar photocathodic na 304 SS a ƙarƙashin haske mai gani. Wen, ZH, Wang, N., Wang, J. & Hou, BR Ag da CoFe2O4 sun haɗa kai da nanowire na TiO2 don kariyar photocathodic na 304 SS a ƙarƙashin haske mai gani.Wen, ZH, Wang, N., Wang, J. da Howe, BR Ag da CoFe2O4 sun haɗu da nanowire na TiO2 don kariyar photocathode SS 304 a cikin haske mai gani. Wen, ZH, Wang, N., Wang, J. & Hou, BR Ag 和CoFe2O4 共敏化TiO2 纳米线，用于在可见光下对304 SS. Wen, ZH, Wang, N., Wang, J. & Hou, BR AgWen, ZH, Wang, N., Wang, J. da Howe, nanowires na TiO2 masu haɗin gwiwa na BR Ag da CoFe2O4 don kariyar photocathode SS 304 a cikin haske mai gani.Fassara. J. Electrochemistry. kimiyya. 13, 752–761 (2018).
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