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TiO2 chinhu chinoshandiswa semiconductor pakushandura photoelectric. Kuti vawedzere kushandisa kwavo chiedza, nickel nesilver sulfide nanoparticles zvakagadzirwa pamusoro peTiO2 nanowires nenzira iri nyore yekunyudza nekuderedza photoreduction. Zvidzidzo zvakatevedzana zve cathodic protective action yeAg/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites pa304 stainless steel zvakaitwa, uye morphology, composition, uye light absorption characteristics yezvinhu zvakawedzerwa. Zvakabuda zvinoratidza kuti Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites dzakagadzirwa dzinogona kupa dziviriro yakanakisa ye cathodic ye304 stainless steel kana huwandu hwe nickel sulfide impregnation-precipitation cycles huri 6 uye silver nitrate photoreduction concentration iri 0.1M.
Kushandiswa kwema semiconductor emhando ye n kudzivirira photocathode uchishandisa chiedza chezuva kwave nyaya inonyanya kutaurwa mumakore achangopfuura. Kana achinge afadzwa nezuva, maerekitironi anobva ku valence band (VB) yezvinhu zve semiconductor achafadzwa achipinda mu conduction band (CB) kuti agadzire maerekitironi anogadzirwa ne photo. Kana conduction band potential ye semiconductor kana nanocomposite iri negative kupfuura self-etching potential yesimbi yakasungwa, aya maerekitironi anogadzirwa ne photo achaendeswa pamusoro pesimbi yakasungwa. Kuunganidzwa kwemaerekitironi kuchaita kuti cathodic polarization yesimbi ipe cathodic dziviriro yesimbi inobatanidzwa1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Zvinhu zve semiconductor zvinoonekwa se non-sacrificial photoanode, sezvo anodic reaction isingakanganisi zvinhu zve semiconductor pachayo, asi oxidation yemvura kuburikidza nemaburi akaumbwa ne photo kana adsorbed organic pollutions, kana kuvapo kwevaunganidzi vekubata maburi akaumbwa ne photo. Chinonyanya kukosha, zvinhu zve semiconductor zvinofanira kunge zvine CB negative kupfuura corrosion potential yesimbi iri kudzivirirwa. Ndipo chete panogona kuti maerekitironi anogadzirwa nemufananidzo apfuure kubva mubhandi rekufambisa re semiconductor kuenda kusimbi yakachengetedzwa. Zvidzidzo zvekudzivirira ngura ye photochemical zvakatarisa pazvinhu zve semiconductor zve inorganic n-type zvine mipata yakakura (3.0–3.2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7, izvo zvinongopindura chiedza che ultraviolet (<400 nm), zvichideredza kuwanikwa kwechiedza. Zvidzidzo zvekudzivirira ngura ye photochemical zvakatarisa pazvinhu zve semiconductor zve inorganic n-type zvine mipata yakakura (3.0–3.2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7, izvo zvinongopindura chiedza che ultraviolet (<400 nm), zvichideredza kuwanikwa kwechiedza. Исследования стойкости к фотохимической коррозии были сосредоточены на неорганических полупроводниковых материалах n-типа с широкой,3 EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7, уменьшение доступности света. Tsvagiridzo pamusoro pekudzivirira ngura kubva ku photochemical yakatarisa pazvinhu zve semiconductor zvisina kugadzirwa zvemhando ye n zvine bandgap yakakura (3.0–3.2 EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7 zvinongopindura mwaranzi ye ultraviolet (<400 nm), zvichideredza kuwanikwa kwechiedza.光化学耐腐蚀性研究主要集中在具有宽带隙(3.0–3.2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7 的无机n型半导体材料上，這些材料仅对紫外光（< 400 nm）有响应，减少光的可用性.光 化学 耐腐 蚀性 研究 主要 在 具有 宽带隙 宽带隙 宽带隙 (3.0–3.2ev) 1.2,3,4,7,6, 1.2,3,4,7,6,材料 上， 這些 材料 仅 对 （<400 nm） 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有 有响应，减少光的可用性. Исследования стойкости к фотохимической коррозии в основном были сосредоточены на неорганических полупроводниковых материалах n-тизешен (3,0–3,2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7, которые чувствительны только к УФ-излучению (<400 нм). Tsvagiridzo pamusoro pekudzivirira ngura kubva mu photochemical yakanyanya kutarisa pa wide bandgap (3.0–3.2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7 n-type inorganic semiconductor zvinhu zvinongonzwa chete nemwaranzi yeUV. (<400 nm).Mukupindura, kuwanikwa kwechiedza kunoderera.
Mumunda wekudzivirira ngura yemugungwa, tekinoroji yekudzivirira cathodic ye photoelectrochemical inoita basa guru. TiO2 chinhu che semiconductor chine kupinza kwakanaka kwechiedza cheUV uye hunhu hwe photocatalytic. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekushandiswa kushoma kwechiedza, maburi ema electron anogadzirwa ne photo anosangana zvakare nyore uye haakwanise kudzivirirwa mumamiriro erima. Tsvagiridzo yakawedzerwa inodiwa kuti pawane mhinduro inonzwisisika uye inogoneka. Zvakataurwa kuti nzira dzakawanda dzekugadzirisa pamusoro dzinogona kushandiswa kuvandudza photosensitivity yeTiO2, senge doping neFe, N, uye kusanganisa neNi3S2, Bi2Se3, CdTe, nezvimwewo. Saka, TiO2 composite ine zvinhu zvine photoelectric conversion efficiency inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda we photogenerated cathodic protection.
Nickel sulfide chinhu che semiconductor chine gap yakamanikana ye 1.24 eV8.9 chete. Gap yakamanikana, ndipo panoshandiswa chiedza nesimba. Mushure mekunge nickel sulfide yasanganiswa ne titanium dioxide pamusoro, mwero wekushandiswa kwechiedza unogona kuwedzerwa. Pamwe chete ne titanium dioxide, inogona kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwema electron nemaburi anogadzirwa ne photogenerated. Nickel sulfide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwe electrocatalytic hydrogen, mabhatiri uye decomposition ye pollutant8,9,10. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwayo mukudzivirira photocathode hakusati kwataurwa. Muchidzidzo ichi, chinhu che semiconductor chakamanikana chakasarudzwa kugadzirisa dambudziko rekushandiswa kwechiedza che TiO2 kwakaderera. Nickel ne silver sulfide nanoparticles zvakasungirirwa pamusoro pe TiO2 nanowires nenzira dzekunyudza uye dze photoreduction, zvichiteerana. Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite inovandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwechiedza uye inowedzera huwandu hwekupinza chiedza kubva kunzvimbo ye ultraviolet kusvika kunzvimbo inoonekwa. Zvichakadaro, kuiswa kwe nanoparticles dzesirivha kunoita kuti Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite ive yakasimba uye ine dziviriro yakasimba ye cathodic.
Kutanga, jira retitanium rine ukobvu hwe 0.1 mm rine hutsanana hwe 99.9% rakachekwa kuita saizi ye 30 mm × 10 mm kuti zviitwe bvunzo. Zvadaro, pamusoro pega pega pejira retitanium rakakweshwa ka100 ne 2500 grit sandpaper, uye rakazogezwa zvakatevedzana ne acetone, absolute ethanol, nemvura yakachekwa. Isa plate retitanium mumusanganiswa we 85 °C (sodium hydroxide: sodium carbonate: mvura = 5:2:100) kwemaminitsi makumi mapfumbamwe, bvisa wosuka nemvura yakachekwa. Pamusoro pacho pakachekwa ne HF solution (HF:H2O = 1:5) kwemaminitsi 1, wozogezwa zvakachinjana ne acetone, ethanol, nemvura yakachekwa, uye pakupedzisira yakaomeswa kuti ishandiswe. Titanium dioxide nanowaya dzakagadzirwa nekukurumidza pamusoro pejira retitanium nemaitiro eanodizing edanho rimwe chete. Paanodizing, sisitimu yechinyakare ye two-electrode inoshandiswa, electrode inoshanda ipepa retitanium, uye counter electrode i platinum electrode. Isa titanium plate mu400 ml ye2 M NaOH solution uchishandisa electrode clamps. DC power supply current yakagadzikana pa1.3 A. Tembiricha yemushonga yakaramba iri pa80°C kwemaminitsi 180 panguva yesystemic reaction. Titanium sheet yakabviswa, yakagezwa neacetone neethanol, yakagezwa nemvura yakasanganiswa, uye yakaomeswa zvakasikwa. Zvadaro sampuro dzakaiswa mufurnace yemuffle pa450°C (muyero wekupisa 5°C/min), dzakachengetwa patembiricha yakaganhurirwa kwemaminitsi 120, uye dzakaiswa mutireyi yekuomesa.
Musanganiswa we nickel sulfide-titanium dioxide wakawanikwa nenzira iri nyore uye iri nyore yekudip-deposition. Kutanga, nickel nitrate (0.03 M) yakanyungudutswa mu ethanol ndokuchengetwa pasi pekusanganisa kwe magnetic kwemaminitsi makumi maviri kuti pave ne ethanol solution ye nickel nitrate. Wobva wagadzira sodium sulfide (0.03 M) ne mixed solution ye methanol (methanol:water = 1:1). Zvadaro, mapiritsi e titanium dioxide akaiswa mu mixed solution yakagadzirwa pamusoro, obviswa mushure memaminitsi mana, uye osukwa nekukurumidza ne mixed solution ye methanol nemvura (methanol:water = 1:1) kweminiti imwe. Mushure mekunge pamusoro paoma, mapiritsi akaiswa mu muffle furnace, opiswa mu vacuum pa 380°C kwemaminitsi makumi maviri, otonhorerwa kusvika patembiricha yemumba, obva aomeswa. Huwandu hwema cycles 2, 4, 6 na 8.
Zvidimbu zveAg nanoparticles zvakagadziriswa Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites ne photoreduction12,13. Zvidimbu zveAg/NiS/TiO2 zvakazoiswa mumushonga wesirivha wenitrate waidiwa pakuedza. Zvadaro, sampuli dzakapiswa nechiedza cheultraviolet kwemaminitsi makumi matatu, nzvimbo dzadzo dzakacheneswa nemvura yakabviswa ion, uye zvidimbu zveAg/NiS/TiO2 zvakawanikwa nekuomeswa kwechisikigo. Maitiro ekuedza anotsanangurwa pamusoro apa anoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1.
Ma nanocomposites eAg/NiS/TiO2 anonyanya kuzivikanwa ne field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), uye diffuse reflectance mu ultraviolet uye visible ranges (UV-Vis). FESEM yakaitwa uchishandisa Nova NanoSEM 450 microscope (FEI Corporation, USA). Kukurumidza voltage 1 kV, spot size 2.0. Mudziyo uyu unoshandisa CBS probe kugamuchira ma secondary uye backscattered electrons kuti aongorore topography. EMF yakaitwa uchishandisa Oxford X-Max N50 EMF system (Oxford Instruments Technology Co., Ltd.) ine acceleration voltage ye15 kV uye spot size ye3.0. Qualitative uye quantitative analysis uchishandisa characteristic X-rays. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy yakaitwa paEscalab 250Xi spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation, USA) ichishanda muchimiro chesimba rakagadzika rine simba rekumutsa re150 W uye monochromatic Al Kα radiation (1486.6 eV) senzvimbo yekumutsa. Range yakazara yekuskena 0–1600 eV, total energy 50 eV, step width 1.0 eV, uye impre carbon (~284.8 eV) zvakashandiswa semareferensi ekugadzirisa simba rekusunga. Simba rekupfuura rekuongorora rakamanikana raive 20 eV ne step ye0.05 eV. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy munzvimbo inoonekwa neUV yakaitwa paCary 5000 spectrometer (Varian, USA) ne standard barium sulfate plate iri pa range ye10–80°.
Mubasa iri, musanganiswa (huremu muzana) wesimbi isingatsvedzeri 304 i0.08 C, 1.86 Mn, 0.72 Si, 0.035 P, 0.029 s, 18.25 Cr, 8.5 Ni, uye yasara iFe. 10mm x 10mm x 10mm 304 simbi isingatsvedzeri, epoxy yakaputirwa ne1 cm2 pamusoro penzvimbo. Pamusoro payo pakaiswa jecha ne2400 grit silicon carbide sandpaper ndokugezwa neethanol. Simbi isingatsvedzeri yakazoiswa sonic mumvura yakabviswa ion kwemaminitsi mashanu ndokuzoichengeta muovheni.
Mukuyedza kweOCP, 304 stainless steel neAg/NiS/TiO2 photoanode zvakaiswa mu corrosion cell ne photoanode cell, zvichiteerana (Mufananidzo 2). Corrosion cell yakazadzwa ne 3.5% NaCl solution, uye 0.25 M Na2SO3 yakadururwa mu photoanode cell semusungo wegomba. Ma electrolyte maviri akaparadzaniswa kubva mumusanganiswa uchishandisa naphthol membrane. OCP yakayerwa pa electrochemical workstation (P4000+, USA). Reference electrode yaive saturated calomel electrode (SCE). Chitubu chechiedza (xenon lamp, PLS-SXE300C, Poisson Technologies Co., Ltd.) uye cut-off plate 420 zvakaiswa panzvimbo yekubuda kwechiedza, zvichibvumira chiedza chinoonekwa kuti chipfuure negirazi re quartz kuenda ku photoanode. 304 stainless steel electrode yakabatana ne photoanode ne copper wire. Pamberi pekuyedza, electrode yesimbi isina ngura ye304 yakanyikwa mu3.5% NaCl solution kwemaawa maviri kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti yakamira zvakanaka. Pakutanga kwekuyedza, kana mwenje wabatidzwa uye wadzimwa, maerekitironi ane simba ephotoanode anosvika pamusoro pesimbi isina ngura ye304 kuburikidza newaya.
Mukuyedza pamusoro pehuwandu hwe photocurrent, 304SS neAg/NiS/TiO2 photoanodes zvakaiswa mumasero ekuora uye mumasero e photoanode, zvichiteerana (Mufananidzo 3). Huremu hwe photocurrent hwakayerwa pane imwe setup seOCP. Kuti uwane huwandu hwe photocurrent chaiyo pakati pe 304 stainless steel ne photoanode, potentiostat yakashandiswa se zero resistance ammeter kubatanidza 304 stainless steel ne photoanode pasi pemamiriro asina polarized. Kuti uite izvi, ma reference uye counter electrodes mu experimental setup akapfupikiswa, kuitira kuti electrochemical workstation ishande se zero-resistance ammeter inogona kuyera true current density. 304 stainless steel electrode yakabatana nevhu re electrochemical workstation, uye photoanode yakabatana ne working electrode clamp. Pakutanga kwekuyedza, kana chiedza chavhurwa uye chadzimwa, ma electron anofara e photoanode kuburikidza newaya anosvika pamusoro pe 304 stainless steel. Panguva ino, kuchinja kwehuwandu hwe photocurrent pamusoro pesimbi isina ngura ye304 kunogona kuonekwa.
Kuti tidzidze mashandiro ekudzivirira kwecathodic kwe nanocomposites pa304 stainless steel, shanduko mu photoionization potential ye304 stainless steel ne nanocomposites, pamwe neshanduko mu photoionization current density pakati pe nanocomposites ne304 stainless steels, dzakaedzwa.
Pamufananidzo 4 panoratidza shanduko mu open circuit potential ye304 stainless steel ne nanocomposites pasi pechiedza chinoonekwa uye mumamiriro erima. Pamufananidzo 4a panoratidza simba reNiS deposition time nekunyudzwa pa open circuit potential, uye mufananidzo 4b panoratidza mhedzisiro yesilver nitrate concentration pa open circuit potential panguva ye photoreduction. Pamufananidzo 4a panoratidza kuti open circuit potential yeNiS/TiO2 nanocomposite yakabatana ne304 stainless steel inoderedzwa zvakanyanya panguva iyo rambi rinobatidzwa zvichienzaniswa ne nickel sulfide composite. Pamusoro pezvo, open circuit potential haina kunaka kupfuura ye pure TiO2 nanowires, zvichiratidza kuti nickel sulfide composite inogadzira maerekitironi akawanda uye inovandudza photocathode protection effect kubva kuTiO2. Zvisinei, pakupera kwekuratidzwa, no-load potential inokwira nekukurumidza kusvika pa no-load potential ye stainless steel, zvichiratidza kuti nickel sulfide haina effect yekuchengetedza simba. Mhedzisiro yehuwandu hwema immersion deposition cycles pa open circuit potential inogona kuonekwa muFig. 4a. Panguva yekuisa 6, extreme potential ye nanocomposite inosvika -550 mV zvichienzaniswa ne saturated calomel electrode, uye potential ye nanocomposite yakaiswa ne factor ye6 yakaderera zvakanyanya pane ye nanocomposite pasi pemamwe mamiriro. Saka, NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites yakawanikwa mushure me6 deposition cycles yakapa dziviriro yakanakisa ye cathodic ye304 stainless steel.
Kuchinja kweOCP kwemaelectrode esimbi isina ngura 304 ane nanocomposites dzeNiS/TiO2 (a) uye nanocomposites dzeAg/NiS/TiO2 (b) dzine uye dzisina kuvhenekerwa (λ > 400 nm).
Sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 4b, kugona kwesekitori yakavhurika yesimbi isina tsvina ye304 uye nanocomposites dzeAg/NiS/TiO2 kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya pakwakaiswa chiedza. Mushure mekuiswa pamusoro pesilver nanoparticles, kugona kwesekitori yakavhurika kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya zvichienzaniswa neTiO2 nanowires yakachena. Kugona kweNiS/TiO2 nanocomposite kwakashata zvakanyanya, zvichiratidza kuti cathodic protective effect yeTiO2 inovandudzika zvakanyanya mushure mekunge Ag nanoparticles yaiswa. Kugona kwesekitori yakavhurika kwakawedzera nekukurumidza pakupera kwekuiswa, uye zvichienzaniswa nesaturated calomel electrode, kugona kwesekitori yakavhurika kwaigona kusvika -580 mV, iyo yaive yakaderera pane iyo ye304 stainless steel (-180 mV). Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti nanocomposite ine simba rinoshamisa rekuchengetedza mushure mekunge zvidimbu zvesirivha zvaiswa pamusoro payo. Pamufananidzo 4b inoratidzawo mhedzisiro yesilver nitrate concentration pa open circuit potential. Pa silver nitrate concentration ye0.1 M, kugona kunoderedza kana tichienzanisa ne saturated calomel electrode inosvika -925 mV. Mushure mekushandisa ka4, mukana wakaramba uri padanho mushure mekushandisa kwekutanga, izvo zvinoratidza kugadzikana kwakanaka kwe nanocomposite. Saka, pahuwandu hwesilver nitrate hwe0.1 M, nanocomposite yeAg/NiS/TiO2 inobuda ine mhedzisiro yakanakisa yekudzivirira cathodic pa304 stainless steel.
Kuiswa kweNiS pamusoro peTiO2 nanowaya kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma nekuwedzera kwenguva yekuiswa kweNiS. Kana chiedza chinoonekwa chikarova pamusoro penanowaya, nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinoshanda dzenickel sulfide dzinofara kugadzira maerekitironi, uye kugona kwephotoionization kunoderera zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, kana nickel sulfide nanoparticles dzakaiswa zvakanyanya pamusoro, nickel sulfide yakafara inodzikira panzvimbo pezvo, izvo zvisingabatsire mukunyudzwa kwechiedza. Mushure mekunge zvidimbu zvesirivha zvaiswa pamusoro, nekuda kwesimba replasmon resonance rezvikamu zvesirivha, maerekitironi anogadzirwa achakurumidza kutamiswa pamusoro pe304 stainless steel, zvichikonzera mhedzisiro yakanaka yekudzivirira cathodic. Kana zvidimbu zvesirivha zvakawandisa zvaiswa pamusoro, zvidimbu zvesirivha zvinova nzvimbo yekubatanidza maphotoelectrons nemaburi, izvo zvisingabatsire mukugadzirwa kwemaphotoelectrons. Mukupedzisa, Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites inogona kupa dziviriro yakanakisa yecathodic ye304 stainless steel mushure mekuiswa kwe6-fold nickel sulfide pasi pe0.1 M silver nitrate.
Kuwanda kwe photocurrent density kunomiririra simba rekuparadzanisa maerekitironi nemaburi anogadzirwa ne photo, uye kana photocurrent density yakakura, simba rekuparadzanisa maerekitironi nemaburi anogadzirwa ne photocatalytic rakasimba. Kune zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinoratidza kuti NiS inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira zvinhu zvinogadzira photocatalytic kuti ivandudze hunhu hwe photoelectric hwezvinhu uye kuparadzanisa maburi15,16,17,18,19,20. Chen nevamwe vake vakadzidza noble-metal-free graphene uye g-C3N4 composites zvakagadziriswa pamwe chete neNiS15. Simba guru re photocurrent re modified g-C3N4/0.25%RGO/3%NiS i0.018 μA/cm2. Chen nevamwe vake vakadzidza CdSe-NiS ine photocurrent density inosvika 10 µA/cm2.16. Liu nevamwe vake vakagadzira CdS@NiS composite ine photocurrent density ye15 µA/cm218. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kweNiS kudzivirira photocathode hakusati kwataurwa. Mukudzidza kwedu, huwandu hweTiO2 hwakanyanya kuwedzerwa nekushandurwa kweNiS. Pamufananidzo 5 panoratidza shanduko muhuwandu hwe304 stainless steel ne nanocomposites pasi pechiedza chinoonekwa uye pasina chiedza. Sezvakaratidzwa pamufananidzo 5a, huwandu hweNiS/TiO2 nanocomposite hunowedzera nekukurumidza panguva inobatidzwa chiedza, uye huwandu hwephotocurrent hunoratidza kufamba kwemaerekitironi kubva ku nanocomposite kuenda pamusoro kuburikidza nesimbi isina tsvina ye electrochemical. Mushure mekugadzirwa kwe nickel sulfide composites, huwandu hwephotocurrent hwakakura kupfuura hweTiO2 nanowires dzakachena. Huwandu hweNiS hunosvika 220 μA/cm2, iyo yakakwira ka6.8 pane yeTiO2 nanowires (32 μA/cm2), apo NiS inonyudzwa uye inoiswa ka6. Sezvakaratidzwa pamufananidzo. 5b, huwandu hwe photocurrent pakati peAg/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite ne304 stainless steel hwakanga hwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura pakati peTiO2 yakachena neNiS/TiO2 nanocomposite payakabatidzwa pasi perambi rexenon. Mufananidzo 5b unoratidzawo mhedzisiro yehuwandu hweAgNO pahuwandu hwe photocurrent panguva yekuderedza photoreduction. Pahuwandu hwesilver nitrate hwe0.1 M, huwandu hwayo hwe photocurrent hunosvika 410 μA/cm2, iyo yakakwira ka12.8 kupfuura iyo yeTiO2 nanowires (32 μA/cm2) uye yakakwira ka1.8 kupfuura iyo yeNiS/TiO2 nanocomposites. Munda wemagetsi we heterojunction unoumbwa paAg/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite interface, iyo inobatsira kupatsanurwa kwemaerekitironi anogadzirwa ne photoreduced kubva mumaburi.
Kuchinja kwehuwandu hwe photocurrent hwe electrode yesimbi isingatsvi ye304 ine (a) NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite uye (b) Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite ine uye isina kuvhenekerwa (λ > 400 nm).
Saka, mushure mematanho matanhatu ekunyudzwa kwe nickel sulfide mu 0.1 M concentrated silver nitrate, huwandu hwe photocurrent pakati peAg/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites ne 304 stainless steel hunosvika 410 μA/cm2, iyo yakakwira kupfuura iyo ye saturated calomel. electrodes inosvika -925 mV. Pasi pemamiriro aya, 304 stainless steel yakasanganiswa neAg/NiS/TiO2 inogona kupa dziviriro yakanakisa ye cathodic.
Pamufananidzo 6 panoratidza mifananidzo ye electron microscope pamusoro pema "nanowires" e "titanium dioxide", "composite nickel sulfide nanoparticles", uye "silver nanoparticles" pasi pemamiriro akanaka. Pamufananidzo 6a, d panoratidza "pure TiO2 nanowires" dzinowanikwa ne "single-stage anodization". Kupararira kwe "uso" kwe "titanium dioxide nanowires" kwakafanana, maumbirwo e "nanowires" ari pedyo, uye "pore size distribution" yakaenzana. Mifananidzo 6b na e i "electron micrographs" ye "titanium dioxide" mushure mekuiswa kwe "6-fold impregnation" uye kuiswa kwe "nickel sulfide composites". Kubva pamufananidzo we "electron microscopic" wakakudzwa ka200,000 muMufananidzo 6e, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti "nickel sulfide composite nanoparticles" dzakafanana uye dzine saizi huru ye "particles" inosvika 100–120 nm mudhayamita. Mamwe ma "nanoparticles" anogona kuonekwa munzvimbo ye "nanowires", uye "titanium dioxide nanowires" anoonekwa zvakajeka. Pamufananidzo 6b na "e" i "electron micrographs" ye "titanium dioxide" mushure mekuiswa kwe "6-fold impregnation" uye kuiswa kwe "nickel sulfide composites". Kubva pamufananidzo we "electron microscopic" wakakudzwa ka200,000 muMufananidzo 6e, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti "nickel sulfide composite nanoparticles" dzakafanana uye dzine "particles" yakakura inosvika 100–120 nm mudhayamita. Mamwe ma "nanoparticles" anogona kuonekwa munzvimbo ye "nanowires", uye "titanium dioxide nanowires" anoonekwa zvakajeka. Pamufananidzo 6b na "e" i "electron micrographs" ye "titanium dioxide" yakasanganiswa. 6c,f inoratidza mifananidzo ye electron microscopic yeNiS/TiO2 nanocomposites paAgNO concentration ye0.1 M. Zvichienzaniswa neMifananidzo 6b neFig. 6e, Fig. 6c neFig. 6f inoratidza kuti Ag nanoparticles dzakaiswa pamusoro pezvinhu zvakasanganiswa, neAg nanoparticles dzakagoverwa zvakaenzana nedhayamita inosvika 10 nm. PaFig. 7 inoratidza chikamu cheAg/NiS/TiO2 nanofilms chakaiswa muma cycles matanhatu eNiS dip deposition paAgNO3 concentration ye0.1 M. Kubva pamifananidzo yakakura, ukobvu hwefirimu hwakayerwa hwaive 240-270 nm. Saka, nickel nesilver sulfide nanoparticles zvakaunganidzwa pamusoro peTiO2 nanowires.
TiO2 yakachena (a, d), NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites ine ma cycles matanhatu eNiS dip deposition (b, e) uye Ag/NiS/NiS ine ma cycles matanhatu eNiS dip deposition pa 0.1 M AgNO3 SEM mifananidzo yeTiO2 nanocomposites (c, e).
Chikamu cheAg/NiS/TiO2 nanofilms chakaiswa muNiS dip deposition katanhatu paAgNO3 concentration ye0.1 M.
Pamufananidzo 8 panoratidza kugoverwa kwezvikamu pamusoro peAg/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites zvakawanikwa kubva kuma cycles matanhatu e nickel sulfide dip deposition pa silver nitrate concentration ye 0.1 M. Kugoverwa kwezvikamu pamusoro kunoratidza kuti Ti, O, Ni, S na Ag zvakaonekwa. uchishandisa energy spectroscopy. Panyaya yehuwandu, Ti naO ndizvo zvinhu zvinonyanya kuwanikwa mukugoverwa, nepo Ni na S zvakafanana, asi huwandu hwazvo hwakaderera pane Ag. Zvinogonawo kuratidzwa kuti huwandu hwepamusoro pe composite silver nanoparticles hwakakura kupfuura hwe nickel sulfide. Kugoverwa kwakafanana kwezvinhu pamusoro kunoratidza kuti nickel nesilver sulfide zvakabatana zvakaenzana pamusoro peTiO2 nanowires. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis yakaitwawo kuti iongorore kuumbwa kwacho uye mamiriro ekubatanidza zvinhu.
Kugoverwa kwezvinhu (Ti, O, Ni, S, uye Ag) zveAg/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites paAgNO3 concentration ye0.1 M kwema cycle matanhatu eNiS dip deposition.
Pamufananidzo 9 panoratidza XPS spectra yeAg/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites inowanikwa uchishandisa ma cycles matanhatu e nickel sulfide deposition nekunyudzwa mu 0.1 M AgNO3, uko mufananidzo 9a iri full spectrum, uye mamwe ma spectra ari high-resolution spectra yezvinhu. Sezvatinoona kubva pa full spectrum muMufananidzo 9a, ma absorption peaks eTi, O, Ni, S, uye Ag akawanikwa mu nanocomposite, izvo zvinoratidza kuvapo kwezvinhu izvi zvishanu. Mhedzisiro yebvunzo yaienderana neEDS. Iyo yakawandisa peak muMufananidzo 9a ndiyo carbon peak inoshandiswa kugadzirisa simba rekubatanidza remuenzaniso. Pamufananidzo 9b panoratidza high resolution energy spectrum yeTi. Ma absorption peaks e2p orbitals ari pa459.32 ne465 eV, ayo anoenderana neku absorption kweTi 2p3/2 neTi 2p1/2 orbitals. Mapoka maviri ekunyudzwa kwe titanium anoratidza kuti titanium ine Ti4+ valence, iyo inoenderana neTi muTiO2.
XPS spectra yezviyero zveAg/NiS/TiO2 (a) uye high resolution XPS spectra yeTi2p(b), O1s(c), Ni2p(d), S2p(e), uye Ag 3d(f).
Pamufananidzo 9d panoratidza high-resolution Ni energy spectrum ine ma peaks mana ekunyudzwa kweNi 2p orbital. Ma peaks ekunyudzwa pa856 ne873.5 eV anoenderana neNi 2p3/2 neNi 2p1/2 8.10 orbitals, uko ma peaks ekunyudzwa ari eNiS. Ma peaks ekunyudzwa pa881 ne863 eV ndee nickel nitrate uye anokonzerwa ne nickel nitrate reagent panguva yekugadzirira sampuro. Pamufananidzo 9e panoratidza high resolution S-spectrum. Ma peaks ekunyudzwa eS 2p orbitals ari pa161.5 ne168.1 eV, ayo anoenderana neS 2p3/2 neS 2p1/2 orbitals 21, 22, 23, 24. Ma peaks maviri aya ndee nickel sulfide compounds. Ma peaks ekunyudzwa pa169.2 ne163.4 eV ndee sodium sulfide reagent. Pamufananidzo 9e panoratidza high resolution S-spectrum. Ma peaks ekunyudzwa eS 2p orbitals ari pa161.5 ne168.1 eV, ayo anoenderana neS 2p3/2 neS 2p1/2 orbitals 21, 22, 23, 24. Ma peaks maviri aya ndee nickel sulfide compounds. Ma peaks ekunyudzwa pa169.2 ne163.4 eV ndee sodium sulfide reagent. Pamufananidzo 9e panoratidza high resolution S-spectrum. 9f inoratidza high-resolution Ag spectrum umo 3d orbital absorption peaks yesirivha iri pa368.2 uye 374.5 eV, zvichiteerana, uye 2 absorption peaks dzinoenderana ne absorption orbits dzeAg 3d5/2 naAg 3d3/212, 13. ...
Pamufananidzo 10 panoratidza maspectra eUV-VIS anoratidzwa neTiO2 nanowires dzakagadzirwa dzichangobva kugadzirwa, NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites, uye Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti mwero wekunyudzwa kweTiO2 nanowires ungangoita 390 nm, uye chiedza chinonyudzwa chinonyanya kuzara munzvimbo yeultraviolet. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti mushure mekusanganiswa kwe nickel nesilver sulfide nanoparticles pamusoro pe titanium dioxide nanowires 21, 22, chiedza chinonyudzwa chinopararira munzvimbo yechiedza chinoonekwa. Panguva imwe chete, nanocomposite yakawedzera kunyudzwa kweUV, iyo inobatanidzwa nebanga rakamanikana re nickel sulfide. Kana gomba rakamanikana, bhandi rinodzikira, simba rinovharirwa pakuchinja kwemagetsi uye mwero wekushandiswa kwechiedza unokwira. Mushure mekubatanidza NiS/TiO2 pamusoro ne silver nanoparticles, simba rekunyudzwa uye wavelength yechiedza hazvina kuwedzera zvakanyanya, kunyanya nekuda kwemhedzisiro yeplasmon resonance pamusoro pe silver nanoparticles. Kureba kwewaya dzinoshandiswa neTiO2 nanowaya hakunyanyi kuvandudzika kana tichienzanisa nepakati pebhandi rakamanikana rema nanoparticles ecomposite NiS. Muchidimbu, mushure me composite nickel sulfide nesilver nanoparticles pamusoro pe titanium dioxide nanowayas, hunhu hwayo hwekunyamwa kwechiedza hunovandudzika zvikuru, uye huwandu hwekunyamwa kwechiedza hunowedzerwa kubva ku ultraviolet kuenda kuchiedza chinoonekwa, izvo zvinovandudza mwero wekushandiswa kwe titanium dioxide nanowayas. chiedza chinovandudza kugona kwechinhu kugadzira ma photoelectrons.
Magirazi eUV/Vis anoratidzira magirazi matsva eTiO2 nanowaya, maNiS/TiO2 nanocomposites, uye maAg/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites.
Pamufananidzo 11 panoratidza mashandiro ekudzivirira ngura kweAg/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites kuburikidza nemwaranzi inooneka. Zvichibva pakupararira kwesilver nanoparticles, nickel sulfide, uye conduction band yetitanium dioxide, mepu ingangodaro yemaitiro ekudzivirira ngura inokurudzirwa. Nekuti conduction band potential ye nanosilver haina kunaka kana ichienzaniswa ne nickel sulfide, uye conduction band potential ye nickel sulfide haina kunaka kana ichienzaniswa ne titanium dioxide, direction ye electron flow inenge iri Ag→NiS→TiO2→304 stainless steel. Kana chiedza chikapiswa pamusoro pe nanocomposite, nekuda kwemhedzisiro ye surface plasmon resonance ye nanosilver, nanosilver inogona kukurumidza kugadzira maburi ane photogenerated nema electrons, uye photogenerated ma electrons anokurumidza kufamba kubva panzvimbo ye valence band kuenda panzvimbo ye conduction band nekuda kwekukurudzwa. Titanium dioxide uye nickel sulfide. Sezvo kufambiswa kwesimba resirivha nanoparticles kuri kwakaipa kupfuura kwenickel sulfide, maerekitironi ari muTS yesirivheri nanoparticles anoshandurwa nekukurumidza kuita TS yenickel sulfide. Kugona kwesimba renickel sulfide kuri kwakaipa kupfuura kwetitanium dioxide, saka maerekitironi enickel sulfide nekufambisa simba resirivha zvinoungana nekukurumidza muCB yetitanium dioxide. Maerekitironi anogadzirwa ne photogenerated anosvika pamusoro pe304 stainless steel kuburikidza netitanium matrix, uye maerekitironi akapfuma anobatanidzwa mu cathodic oxygen reduction process ye304 stainless steel. Maitiro aya anoderedza cathodic reaction uye panguva imwe chete anodzvinyirira anodic dissolving reaction ye304 stainless steel, nokudaro zvichiita kuti cathodic protection ye304 stainless steel ionekwe. Nekuda kwekuumbwa kwe electric field ye heterojunction muAg/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite, conductive potential ye nanocomposite inochinjirwa kune imwe nzvimbo isina kunaka, iyo inovandudza zvakanyanya cathodic protection effect ye304 stainless steel.
Dhiyagiramu yemufananidzo wemaitiro ekudzivirira ngura eAg/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites muchiedza chinoonekwa.
Mubasa iri, nickel nesilver sulfide nanoparticles zvakagadzirwa pamusoro peTiO2 nanowires nenzira iri nyore yekunyudza uye yekuderedza chiedza. Zvidzidzo zvakatevedzana pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kweAg/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites pa304 stainless steel zvakaitwa. Zvichibva pahunhu hwechimiro, ongororo yehunhu uye ongororo yehunhu hwekunyudzwa kwechiedza, mhedziso huru dzinotevera dzakaitwa:
Nekuwanda kwe nickel sulfide inoiswa muropa ye6 uye huwandu hwesilver nitrate yekuderedza 0.1 mol/l, Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites dzakabuda dzakaita kuti pave nekudzivirira kwakanaka kwe cathodic pa 304 stainless steel. Kana tichienzanisa ne saturated calomel electrode, protection potential inosvika -925 mV, uye protection current inosvika 410 μA/cm2.
Munda wemagetsi we heterojunction unoumbwa paAg/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite interface, iyo inovandudza simba rekuparadzanisa maerekitironi nemaburi anogadzirwa ne photogenerated. Panguva imwe chete, kushanda zvakanaka kwechiedza kunowedzerwa uye huwandu hwekupinza chiedza hunowedzerwa kubva kunzvimbo ye ultraviolet kuenda kunzvimbo inoonekwa. Nanocomposite icharamba iine mamiriro ayo ekutanga nekugadzikana kwakanaka mushure mematanho mana.
Ma nanocomposites eAg/NiS/TiO2 akagadzirwa nekuyedzwa ane pamusoro pakaenzana uye pakaoma. Nickel sulfide ne nanoparticles dzesirivha zvakabatana zvakaenzana pamusoro peTiO2 nanowaya. Composite cobalt ferrite ne nanoparticles dzesirivha dzakachena kwazvo.
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