Umbono ka-Anish Kapoor ngesithombe se-Cloud Gate eMillennium Park yaseChicago ukuthi sifana ne-mercury ewuketshezi, sibonakalisa kahle idolobha elizungezile. Ukufeza lokhu kuphelela kuwumsebenzi wothando.
“Engangifuna ukukwenza eMillennium Park kwakuwukufaka i-skyline yaseChicago … ukuze abantu babone amafu entanta kuyo kanye nalezi zakhiwo ezinde kakhulu zibonakala emsebenzini. Bese kuthi, njengoba zisesimweni somnyango, umhlanganyeli, umbukeli, akwazi ukungena kuleli gumbi elijulile kakhulu, elisebenza ngendlela efanayo ngokubonakaliswa komuntu, njengoba ukubonakala komsebenzi kwenza ngokubonakaliswa komuzi ozungezile. — Umdwebi odumile waseBrithani emhlabeni. U-Anish Kapoor, umqophi wezithombe we-Cloud Gate
Uma ubheka ubuso obuzolile balesi sithombe esikhulu sensimbi engagqwali, kunzima ukuqagela ukuthi ingakanani insimbi nesibindi esifihliwe ngaphansi kobuso baso. I-Cloud Gate ifihla izindaba zabakhi bensimbi abangaphezu kwe-100, abasiki, abashiseli, abasiki, onjiniyela, ochwepheshe, abasebenza ngensimbi, abafaki kanye nabaphathi - kuyo yonke iminyaka emihlanu.
Abaningi basebenza amahora amade, basebenza ezindaweni zokusebenzela phakathi nobusuku, bakanisa endaweni yokwakha futhi basebenza emazingeni okushisa angama-degree angu-110 begqoke amasudi aphelele e-Tyvek® kanye nama-half-masks. Abanye basebenza ngokumelene namandla adonsela phansi, belenga kuma-harnesses, bebamba amathuluzi, futhi besebenza ezindaweni ezishelelayo. Konke kuhamba kancane (futhi kude kakhulu) ukuze kwenzeke okungenakwenzeka.
Ukuthuthukisa umqondo womqophi u-Anish Kapoor wamafu antantayo angena esifanekisweni sensimbi engagqwali esingamathani angu-110, ubude bamamitha angu-66, ubude bamamitha angu-33 kwakuwumsebenzi we-Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), e-Oakland, eCalifornia, kanye ne-MTH. Villa Park, e-Illinois. Emcimbini wayo wokugubha iminyaka engu-120, i-MTH ingenye yezinkontileka ezindala kakhulu zensimbi nengilazi endaweni yaseChicago.
Izidingo zokuqaliswa kwale phrojekthi zizoncika ekusebenzeni kobuciko, ubuhlakani, amakhono okusebenza ngomshini kanye nolwazi lokukhiqiza lwezinkampani zombili. Ziyimishini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso futhi yakhiwe ngisho naleyo yale phrojekthi.
Ezinye zezinkinga zalo msebenzi zivela esimweni sawo esigobile ngendlela exakile – inkaba enamachashazi noma ebheke phansi – kanti ezinye zivela ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu. Izithombe eziqoshiwe zakhiwa izinkampani ezimbili ezahlukene ezindaweni ezahlukene eziqhelelene ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane, okudala izinkinga ngezokuthutha kanye nezitayela zomsebenzi. Izinqubo eziningi okumele zenziwe ensimini kunzima ukuzenza esitolo, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi zisensimini. Ubunzima obukhulu buvela ngoba nje isakhiwo esinjalo asikaze senziwe ngaphambili. Ngakho-ke, akukho sixhumanisi, akukho cebo, akukho mephu yendlela.
U-Ethan Silva we-PSI unolwazi olukhulu ekwakheni imikhumbi, okokuqala emikhunjini bese kamuva kweminye imisebenzi yobuciko, futhi uyafaneleka ukwenza imisebenzi eyingqayizivele yokwakha imikhumbi. U-Anish Kapoor ucele umfundi ophothule izifundo zeFiziksi nezobuCiko ukuthi anikeze imodeli encane.
“Ngakho ngenze isampula engu-2m x 3m, ucezu olucwebezelayo olugobile kahle, wathi ‘O, nguwe wedwa okwenzile’ ngoba ubelokhu efuna iminyaka emibili ukuthola umuntu ongakwenza.” kusho uSilva.
Uhlelo lokuqala kwakuwukuthi i-PSI yakhe futhi yakhe isithombe sonke bese isithumela yonke ingxenye eningizimu yePacific, idlule ePanama Canal, enyakatho eduze noLwandlekazi i-Atlantic kanye nomgwaqo iSt. Lawrence Seaway iye echwebeni eliseLake Michigan. , ngokusho kuka-Edward Ulir, isikhulu esiphezulu seMillennium Park Inc. Ngokusho kwesitatimende, uhlelo lokuthutha oluklanywe ngokukhethekile luzoyithutha iye eMillennium Park. Imikhawulo yesikhathi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwaphoqa la macebo ukuba ashintshe. Ngakho-ke, amaphaneli agobile kwadingeka aqinisekiswe ukuze athuthwe futhi athuthwe eChicago, lapho i-MTH yahlanganisa khona isakhiwo esingaphansi kanye nesakhiwo esingaphezulu, futhi yaxhuma amaphaneli nesakhiwo esingaphezulu.
Ukuqedela nokupholisha ama-weld e-Cloud Gate ukuze abonakale kahle kwakungenye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu ekufakweni nasekuhlanganisweni endaweni. Inqubo yezinyathelo ezingu-12 iqedwa ngokufaka i-blush ekhanyayo, efana ne-polish yobucwebe.
“Ngokuyisisekelo, sisebenze kulo msebenzi iminyaka engaba mithathu senza lezi zingxenye,” kusho uSilva. “Lona umsebenzi onzima. Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi ukuthola ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani futhi uthole imininingwane; uyazi, ukuze nje ufezeke. Indlela esisebenzisa ngayo ubuchwepheshe bamakhompyutha kanye nokusebenza kwensimbi okudala kuyinhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe bokwakha kanye nobezindiza.”
Ngokusho kwakhe, kunzima ukwenza into enkulu kangaka nesindayo ngokunemba okuphezulu. Ama-slab amakhulu kakhulu ayenobubanzi obungamamitha angu-1.5 ububanzi namamitha angu-1.5 ubude futhi enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1,500.
“Ukwenza wonke umsebenzi we-CAD nokudala imidwebo yangempela yesitolo somsebenzi kuwumsebenzi omkhulu ngokwawo,” kusho uSilva. “Sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha ukukala amapuleti nokuhlola ngokunembile ukuma kwawo kanye nokugoba kwawo ukuze avumelane kahle.
“Senze ukulingisa ikhompyutha sabe sesikuhlukanisa,” kusho uSilva. “Ngisebenzise ulwazi lwami ekwakheni amagobolondo futhi nganginemibono yokuthi ngingahlukanisa kanjani izimo ukuze imigqa yomthungo isebenze ukuze sithole imiphumela yekhwalithi engcono kakhulu.”
Amanye amapuleti ayizikwele, amanye anomumo wephayi. Uma esondelene noshintsho olubukhali, kulapho emumo wephayi khona kakhulu futhi kulapho i-radius yoshintsho lwe-radial iba nkulu khona. Engxenyeni engenhla ayacaba futhi makhulu.
USilva uthi i-plasma inquma insimbi engagqwali engu-316L enobukhulu obuyi-1/4 kuya ku-3/8 intshi, okuqinile ngokwanele ngokwayo. “Inselele yangempela ukunikeza ama-slab amakhulu ukugoba okunembile. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokubunjwa nokukhiqizwa kohlaka lwesistimu yembambo ye-slab ngayinye. Ngale ndlela, singanquma ngokunembile ukuma kwe-slab ngayinye.”
Amabhodi asongwa kuma-roller e-3D i-PSI eyiklamile futhi yawakhiqiza ngqo ukuze igoqe la mabhodi (bheka isithombe 1). “Kufana nomzala wama-roller aseBrithani. Siwagoqa sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo namaphiko,” kusho uSilva. Goba iphaneli ngayinye ngokuyihambisa emuva naphambili kuma-roller, ulungise ingcindezi kuma-roller kuze kube yilapho amaphaneli esengaphakathi kuka-0.01″ nosayizi owufunayo. Ngokusho kwakhe, ukunemba okuphezulu okudingekayo kwenza kube nzima ukwakha amashidi kahle.
Umshiseli ube eseshisela ucingo olune-flux-core esakhiweni sohlelo lwangaphakathi olune-ribbed. “Ngombono wami, ucingo olune-flux-core luyindlela enhle kakhulu yokwakha ama-weld esakhiwo sensimbi engagqwali,” kuchaza uSilva. “Lokhu kukunikeza ama-weld ekhwalithi ephezulu ngokugxila ekukhiqizeni nasekubukekeni okuhle.”
Zonke izindawo zamabhodi zihlanzwa ngesandla bese zigaywa emshinini ukuze zisikwe zibe yi-intshi eyodwa ukuze zilingane (bheka isithombe 2). Qinisekisa ubukhulu ngemishini yokulinganisa enembile kanye nemishini yokuskena nge-laser. Ekugcineni, ipuleti lipholishwa lize liphele esibukweni futhi limbozwe ngefilimu evikelayo.
Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yamaphaneli, kanye nesisekelo kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi, ahlanganiswa ndawonye ngaphambi kokuba amaphaneli athunyelwe esuka e-Auckland (bheka izithombe 3 no-4). Wahlela inqubo yokubopha amapulangwe futhi wahlanganisa amabhodi amancane amaningana ukuze awahlanganise ndawonye. “Ngakho lapho siwahlanganisa eChicago, sasazi ukuthi azofanelana,” kusho uSilva.
Izinga lokushisa, isikhathi kanye nokudlidliza kwenqola kungabangela ukuthi ishidi eligoqiwe likhululeke. I-ribbed grating ayiklanyelwe nje ukwandisa ukuqina kwebhodi, kodwa futhi nokugcina isimo sebhodi ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa.
Ngakho-ke, uma i-reinforcer mesh ingaphakathi, ipuleti liyalungiswa ngokushisa bese lipholiswa ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo oqhubekayo, kwenziwa ama-cradle esitsheni ngasinye bese efakwa ezitsheni, cishe ezine ngesikhathi.
Ama-container abe eselayishwa ngemikhiqizo eqediwe kancane, cishe emine ngesikhathi, athunyelwa eChicago namaqembu e-PSI ukuze afakwe namaqembu e-MTH. Omunye wabo unguchwepheshe wezokuthutha oqondisa ezokuthutha, kanti omunye ungumphathi emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe. Usebenza nsuku zonke nabasebenzi be-MTH futhi usiza ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe obusha njengoba kudingeka. “Yebo, wayeyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenqubo,” kusho uSilva.
Ngokusho kukaMongameli we-MTH uLyle Hill, i-MTH Industries ekuqaleni yayinomsebenzi wokufaka isithombe esibonakalayo phansi bese ifaka isakhiwo esingaphezulu, bese ihlanganisa amashidi kuso ngokusihlikihla nokuhlanza okokugcina, ibhalansi phakathi kobuciko nokusebenza, ithiyori kanye neqiniso, isikhathi esidingekayo kanye nesikhathi esihleliwe.
ULou Czerny, iphini likamongameli wobunjiniyela kanye nomphathi wephrojekthi we-MTH, uthe unesithakazelo ekuhlukeni kwale phrojekthi. “Ngokwazi kwethu, kunezinto ezenzekayo kule phrojekthi ethile ezingakaze zenziwe ngaphambili noma ezingakaze zicatshangelwe ngaphambili,” kusho uCerny.
Kodwa ukusebenza emsebenzini wokuqala wohlobo lwawo kudinga ubuhlakani obuguquguqukayo endaweni ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezingalindelekile futhi kuphendulwe imibuzo ephakamayo endleleni:
Uzinamathisela kanjani amaphaneli ensimbi engagqwali angu-128 angangemoto esakhiweni esihlala njalo ngenkathi ugqoke amagilavu ​​​​ezingane? Ungawushisela kanjani ubhontshisi omkhulu onjengomnsalo ngaphandle kokuthembela kuwo? Ngingangena kanjani kushisele ngaphandle kokukwazi ukushisela ngaphakathi? Ungafinyelela kanjani isiphetho esiphelele sesibuko samashidi ensimbi engagqwali ensimini? Kwenzekani uma umbani umshaya?
UCzerny uthe isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuthi lokhu kuzoba iphrojekthi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwaba lapho kuqala ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kwemishini engamakhilogremu angu-30,000. Isakhiwo sensimbi esisekela isithombe.
Nakuba insimbi yesakhiwo enezinki ephezulu enikezwe yi-PSI ukuhlanganisa isisekelo sesakhiwo esingaphansi yayilula kakhulu ukuyenza, ipulatifomu yesakhiwo esingaphansi yayiyingxenye ngaphezu kwendawo yokudlela kanye nengxenye ngaphezu kwendawo yokupaka izimoto, ngayinye iphakeme ngendlela ehlukile.
“Ngakho-ke isisekelo sinjengesicaba futhi siyaxega,” kusho uCzerny. “Lapho sifaka khona insimbi eningi, kuhlanganise nasekuqaleni kwe-slab uqobo, empeleni kwadingeka siphoqelele i-crane ukuba ingene emgodini ongamamitha angu-5.”
UCzerny uthe basebenzise uhlelo lokunamathisela oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa uhlelo lokufaka umfutho olufana nolusetshenziswa ekumbeni amalahle kanye nezinye izikhonkwane zamakhemikhali. Uma isisekelo sesakhiwo sensimbi sesinamathele kukhonkrithi, kufanele kwakhiwe isakhiwo esingaphezulu lapho kuzonamatheliswa khona igobolondo.
“Saqala ukufaka uhlelo lwe-truss sisebenzisa izindandatho ezimbili ezinkulu zensimbi engagqwali ezingama-304 ezenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali—eyodwa engxenyeni esenyakatho yesakhiwo kanti enye engxenyeni eseningizimu,” kusho uCzerny (bheka Umfanekiso 3). Izindandatho ziboshwe ngezinduku ze-tubular ezihlanganayo. Uhlaka olungaphansi lwe-ring core luhlukaniswe futhi luboshwe endaweni kusetshenziswa i-GMAW, i-bar welding kanye ne-welded stiffeners.
“Ngakho-ke kukhona isakhiwo esikhulu esingakaze sibonwe muntu; singohlaka lwesakhiwo kuphela,” kusho uCzerny.
Naphezu kwemizamo emihle kakhulu yokuklama, ubunjiniyela, ukwakha nokufaka zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo zephrojekthi yase-Auckland, lesi sithombe asikaze sibonwe ngaphambili futhi izindlela ezintsha zihlala zihambisana nama-burrs kanye nemihuzuko. Ngokufanayo, ukufanisa umqondo wokukhiqiza wenkampani eyodwa nenye akulula njengokudlulisa induku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibanga eliphakathi kwezindawo labangela ukubambezeleka kokulethwa, okwenza kwaba nengqondo ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo othile wendawo.
“Ngenkathi izinqubo zokuhlanganisa nokushisela zazihlelwe e-Auckland kusenesikhathi, izimo zangempela zendawo zazidinga wonke umuntu ukuba abe nobuciko,” kusho uSilva. “Futhi abasebenzi benyunyana bahle kakhulu.”
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, inqubo yansuku zonke ye-MTH kwakuwukunquma ukuthi umsebenzi wosuku wawuhilelani nokuthi zingakhiwa kanjani kangcono ezinye zezingxenye zokuhlanganisa izinhlaka ezingaphansi, kanye nezinye izinduku, “ama-shock”, izingalo, ama-pin, nama-pin. U-Er uthe izinti ze-pogo zazidingeka ukudala uhlelo lwesikhashana lwe-siding.
"Kuyinqubo eqhubekayo yokuklama nokukhiqiza ukuze izinto ziqhubeke futhi zifike ensimini ngokushesha. Sichitha isikhathi esiningi sihlela lokho esinakho, kwezinye izimo siklama kabusha futhi siklama kabusha, bese senza izingxenye esizidingayo."
“NgoLwesibili sizoba nezinto eziyi-10 okumele sizilethe kule ndawo ngoLwesithathu,” kusho uHill. “Sinomsebenzi omningi wesikhathi esengeziwe kanye nomsebenzi omningi esitolo owenziwa phakathi nobusuku.”
“Cishe amaphesenti angama-75 ezingxenye zokumiswa kwe-sideboard zenziwa noma zishintshwa ensimini,” kusho uCzerny. “Izikhathi ezimbalwa sasizikhokhela ngosuku lwamahora angama-24. Ngangisesitolo kwaze kwaba ngu-2, 3 ekuseni, kwathi ngo-5:30 ngabuyela ekhaya ukuyogeza nokudla izithako, kusamanzi.”
Uhlelo lokumiswa kwesikhashana lwe-MTN lokuhlanganisa i-hull luqukethe izipilingi, izinduku kanye nezintambo. Zonke izihlanganisi phakathi kwamapuleti ziboshwe okwesikhashana ngamabhawodi. “Ngakho-ke sonke isakhiwo sixhunywe ngomshini, siboshwe ngaphakathi kuma-trusses angu-304,” kusho uCzerny.
Ziqala kusukela edomeni elingaphansi kwesifanekiso sika-omgala – “inkaba yenkaba”. Idomeni yalengiswa ezisekelweni kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwesikhashana lokusekela isiphethu sokumiswa olunezikhonkwane ezine, oluqukethe ama-hangers, izintambo kanye neziphethu. UCzerny uthe isiphethu "sihlinzeka" njengoba kungezwa amabhodi engeziwe. Iziphethu zibe sezilungiswa ngokusekelwe esisindweni esengezwe yipuleti ngalinye ukuze kulinganiswe isithombe sonke.
Ibhodi ngalinye kulawa angu-168 linesistimu yalo yokusekela ukumiswa kwentwasahlobo enamaphuzu amane ngakho-ke lisekelwa ngalinye endaweni yalo. “Umqondo awukona ukuhlola ngokweqile noma yimaphi amalunga ngoba lawo malungu ahlanganiswa ukuze kufezwe ikhefu elingu-0/0,” kusho uCerny. “Uma ibhodi lishaya ibhodi ngaphansi kwalo lingaholela ekugobeni nakwezinye izinkinga.”
Njengobufakazi bokunemba kwe-PSI, ukwakhiwa kwayo kuhle kakhulu ngaphandle kokudlala okuningi. “I-PSI yenze umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ngamaphaneli,” kusho uCzerny. “Ngiyabancoma ngoba, ekugcineni, iyafanelana ngempela. Ukulingana kwayo kuhle kakhulu futhi kuhle kimi. Sikhuluma ngokoqobo ngamasentimitha ayinkulungwane.”
“Lapho beqeda ukuhlanganisa, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi sebeqedile,” kusho uSilva, hhayi nje ngoba imithungo iqinile, kodwa ngoba izingxenye ezihlanganiswe ngokuphelele, ezinamapuleti azo acwebezelisiwe kakhulu esibukweni, zaqala ukusebenza, zibonisa indawo emzungezile. . Kodwa imithungo yezinqe iyabonakala, i-mercury ewuketshezi ayinayo imithungo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithombe kwakudingeka sihlanganiswe ngokugcwele ukuze kulondolozwe ubuqotho besakhiwo saso ezizukulwaneni ezizayo, kusho uSilva.
Ukuqedwa kweSango Lamafu kwadingeka kubambezeleke ngesikhathi sokuvulwa okukhulu kwepaki ekwindla ka-2004, ngakho-ke i-omhalus yaba yi-GTAW ephilayo, futhi lokhu kwaqhubeka izinyanga eziningana.
“Ungabona amabala amancane ansundu nxazonke zesakhiwo, okuyizindawo zokuxhuma ze-TIG solder,” kusho uCzerny. “Saqala ukulungisa amatende ngoJanuwari.”
“Inselele enkulu elandelayo yokukhiqiza yalo msebenzi kwakuwukushisela umthungo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunemba kwesimo ngenxa yokuncipha kokushisela,” kusho uSilva.
Ngokusho kukaCzerny, ukushisela nge-plasma kunikeza amandla nokuqina okudingekayo ngengozi encane kakhulu ephepheni. Ingxube ye-argon engu-98% kanye ne-helium engu-2% iyona engcono kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukungcola kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuhlangana.
Abashiseli basebenzisa amasu okushisela e-plasma ye-keyhole besebenzisa imithombo yamandla ye-Thermal Arc® kanye nezinhlangano ezikhethekile ze-tractor kanye ne-torch eziklanywe futhi zasetshenziswa yi-PSI.