Chiono chaAnish Kapoor chemufananidzo weCloud Gate uri muMillennium Park muChicago ndechekuti wakafanana nemercury yemvura, uchiratidza guta rakatenderedza zviri nyore. Kuzadzisa izvi ibasa rerudo.
"Chandaida kuita muMillennium Park kwaive kusanganisira skyline yeChicago ... kuitira kuti vanhu vagone kuona makore achiyangarara mairi uye zvivakwa izvi zvirefu zvichiratidzwa mubasa racho. Uye ipapo, sezvo iri muchimiro chemusuwo, mutori wechikamu, muoni, achakwanisa kupinda mukamuri iri rakadzika kwazvo, iro neimwe nzira rinoita chinhu chimwe chete nekuratidzira kwemunhu, sezvinoita chitarisiko chebasa nekuratidzira kweguta rakapoteredza. - Muimbi weBritain ane mukurumbira pasi rose. Anish Kapoor, muvezi weCloud Gate
Tichitarisa pamusoro pechifananidzo ichi chikuru chesimbi isina ngura, zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti simbi nehushingi zvakavanda pasi pechifananidzo ichi zvakavanda zvakadii. Cloud Gate inovanza nyaya dzevagadziri vesimbi vanopfuura zana, vacheki, vanowelders, vanochekerera, mainjiniya, matekiniki, vashandi vesimbi, vanoisa uye maneja - mumakore mashanu ese.
Vazhinji vanoshanda maawa marefu, vanoshanda mumaworkshop pakati pehusiku, vanodzika musasa panzvimbo yekuvaka uye vanoshanda patembiricha ye110-degree vakapfeka masutu eTyvek® akazara uye hafu-masiki. Vamwe vanoshanda vachidzivirira simba remagetsi, vachirembera pamahanesi, vachibata maturusi, uye vachishanda panzvimbo dzinotsvedza. Zvese zvinoitwa zvishoma (uye kure kure) kuti zvisagoneke.
Kuvandudza pfungwa yemuvezi wemifananidzo Anish Kapoor yemakore anoyangarara muchimiro chesimbi isina ngura ine hurefu hwematani 110, hurefu hwemamita 66, hurefu hwemamita 33 raive basa rePerformance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, California, neMTH. Villa Park, Illinois. Pakupemberera kwayo makore 120, MTH ndeimwe yemakambani ekare ekugadzira simbi negirazi munzvimbo yeChicago.
Zvinodiwa pakuita chirongwa ichi zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi, hunyanzvi, hunyanzvi hwemakanika uye ruzivo rwekugadzira rwemakambani ese ari maviri. Izvi zvakagadzirwa nenzira yakasarudzika uye kunyange zvivakwa zvechirongwa ichi.
Mamwe ematambudziko epurojekiti iyi anobva muchimiro chayo chakakombama zvisinganzwisisike - dot kana kuti guvhu rakasimudzwa - uye mamwe kubva pahukuru hwayo. Zvifananidzo izvi zvakavakwa nemakambani maviri akasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, zvichikonzera matambudziko ekufambisa uye maitiro ebasa. Maitiro mazhinji anofanirwa kuitwa mumunda akaoma kuita pachitoro, tisingatauri nezvemunda. Dambudziko guru rinomuka nekuti chivakwa chakadaro hachina kumbogadzirwa kare. Saka, hapana chinongedzo, hapana hurongwa, hapana gwara remugwagwa.
Ethan Silva wePSI ane ruzivo rwakakura mukuvaka ngarava, kutanga nengarava uye gare gare mune mamwe mapurojekiti eunyanzvi, uye ane hunyanzvi hwekuita mabasa akasiyana ekuvaka ngarava. Anish Kapoor akakumbira mudzidzi weFizikisi neArt kuti amupe modhi diki.
"Saka ndakagadzira sampuli ye 2m x 3m, chidimbu chakakwenenzverwa chakatsetseka, uye akati 'Oh ndiwe wakazviita, ndiwe wega wakazviita' nekuti anga achitsvaga kwemakore maviri kuti awane mumwe munhu wekuzviita." Silva akadaro.
Chirongwa chekutanga chaive chekuti PSI igadzire uye ivake chivezwa chacho chose uye yozotumira chivezwa chose kumaodzanyemba kwePacific, kuburikidza nePanama Canal, kuchamhembe neAtlantic Ocean uye neSt. Lawrence Seaway kuenda kuchiteshi chiri paLake Michigan. , sekureva kwaEdward Ulir, mukuru weMillennium Park Inc. Sekureva kwechirevo ichi, sisitimu yakagadzirwa zvakanaka yekutakura zvinhu ichachiendesa kuMillennium Park. Nguva shoma uye kushanda kwayo zvakamanikidza zvirongwa izvi kuchinja. Saka, mapaneru akakombama aifanira kuchengetwa kuti atakurwe uye kuendeswa nemotokari kuenda kuChicago, uko MTH yakaunganidza substructure ne superstructure, uye yakabatanidza mapaneru kune superstructure.
Kupedzisa nekupukuta ma weld eCloud Gate kuti ape chitarisiko chisina musono kwaive chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma zvikuru pakuaisa nekubatanidza panzvimbo yacho. Maitiro aya ane matanho gumi nemaviri anopedzwa nekushandisa blush inopenya, yakafanana ne polish yezvishongo.
"Chaizvoizvo, takashanda pachirongwa ichi kwemakore angangoita matatu tichigadzira zvikamu izvi," akadaro Silva. "Iri ibasa rakaoma. Zvinotora nguva yakawanda kuti tizive kuti tingazviita sei uye tiwane ruzivo rwakakwana; unoziva, kungozadzisa zvese. Mashandisiro atinoita tekinoroji yemakomputa nekugadzira simbi yekare musanganiswa wekugadzira nekugadzira zvinhu mudenga."
Sekureva kwake, zvakaoma kugadzira chinhu chakakura uye chinorema kudaro nemazvo. Matombo makuru aisvika paavhareji yehupamhi hwemamita 1.2 uye kureba kwemamita 1.8 uye airema mapaundi 1,500.
"Kuita basa rese reCAD uye kugadzira madhirowa chaiwo echitoro chebasa racho ibasa guru pacharo," anodaro Silva. "Tinoshandisa tekinoroji yemakombiyuta kuyera maplate uye kuongorora nemazvo chimiro chawo nekukombama kwawo kuitira kuti akwane pamwe chete nemazvo.
“Takaita simulation yekombiyuta ndokuzoipatsanura,” akadaro Silva. “Ndakashandisa ruzivo rwangu mukuvaka magoko uye ndaiva nemazano ekuti ndingapatsanura sei maumbirwo kuitira kuti mitsetse yemusono ishande zvakanaka kuti tiwane mhedzisiro yepamusoro.”
Mamwe maplate ane sikweya, mamwe akaita sepai. Kana ari pedyo nekuchinja kwakapinza, anowedzera kuita sepai uye radius yekuchinja kwe radial yakakura. Muchikamu chepamusoro anenge akati sandara uye akakura.
Plasma iyi inocheka simbi isina tsvina ine ukobvu hwe 316L ine ukobvu hwe 1/4 kusvika 3/8-inch, anodaro Silva, iyo yakasimba zvakakwana yoga. "Dambudziko guru nderekupa slabs hombe curvature chaiyo. Izvi zvinoitwa nekuumbwa kwakanyatsojeka uye kugadzirwa kwefuremu yehurongwa hwembabvu yeslab yega yega. Nenzira iyi, tinogona kuziva nemazvo chimiro cheslab yega yega."
Mabhodhi anomonerwa pamaroller e3D akagadzirwa nePSI uye akagadzirwa zvakanangana nekumonerwa kwemapuranga aya (ona mufananidzo 1). "Zvakafanana nehama yemaroller ekuBritain. Tinoamonera tichishandisa tekinoroji yakafanana nemapapiro," akadaro Silva. Peta panel yega yega nekuifambisa mberi nekumashure pamaroller, uchigadzirisa kumanikidzwa kwemaroller kusvika mapaneru asvika mukati me0.01″ yehukuru hwaunoda. Sekureva kwake, kunyatsoita kwakakodzera kunoita kuti zviome kugadzira mapepa zvakanaka.
Muchina wekupinza wesimbi anobva abatanidza waya ine flux-core nechimiro chemukati memuchina wemukati weribbed. "Semaonero angu, waya ine flux-core inzira yakanaka kwazvo yekugadzira simbi isina ngura," anotsanangura Silva. "Izvi zvinokupa zvidimbu zvemhando yepamusoro zvine chekuita nekugadzira uye chitarisiko chakanaka."
Nzvimbo dzese dzemapuranga dzinochekwa nemaoko uye dzinokweshwa pamuchina kuti dzichekwe kusvika pachikamu chimwe chete cheinji kuti dzikwane (ona mufananidzo 2). Simbisa hupamhi hwadzo nemidziyo yekuyera nemazvo uye yekuskena nelaser. Pakupedzisira, ndiro yacho inokweshwa kusvika yagadzirwa negirazi uye yakafukidzwa nefirimu rekudzivirira.
Chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemapaneru, pamwe chete nehwaro nechimiro chemukati, zvakaunganidzwa muchikamu chekuyedza mapaneru asati atumirwa kubva kuAuckland (ona mifananidzo 3 ne4). Ndakaronga maitiro ekugadzira mapuranga uye ndakasonwa mabhodhi madiki akati wandei kuti ndiabatanidze pamwe chete. "Saka patakaita kuti zvive pamwe chete muChicago, taiziva kuti zvaizokwana," akadaro Silva.
Tembiricha, nguva uye kudedera kwetrolley zvinogona kukonzera kuti jira rakamonerwa risasununguke. Girazi rine mitsetse rakagadzirwa kwete chete kuti riwedzere kuomarara kwebhodhi, asiwo kuchengetedza chimiro chebhodhi panguva yekufambisa.
Saka, kana mesh yekusimbisa iri mukati, ndiro yacho inogadziriswa nekupisa uye inotonhodzwa kuti isanyanya kushushikana nezvinhu. Kuti zvisanyanya kukuvara pakufamba, macradle anogadzirwa padhishi rega rega uye obva aiswa mumidziyo, inenge mina panguva imwe chete.
Makontena acho akazozadzwa nezvinhu zvakapedzwa zvishoma, zvinenge zvina panguva imwe chete, ndokutumirwa kuChicago nevashandi vePSI kuti vanoisa pamwe chete nevashandi veMTH. Mumwe wavo inyanzvi yezvekutakura zvinhu anotungamira kutakurwa kwezvinhu, uye mumwe wacho inyanzvi yezvehunyanzvi. Anoshanda zuva nezuva nevashandi veMTH uye anobatsira kugadzira matekinoroji matsva sezvinodiwa. "Ehe, aive chikamu chakakosha kwazvo chemaitiro acho," akadaro Silva.
Sekureva kwaPresident weMTH Lyle Hill, MTH Industries pakutanga yakapihwa basa rekusimbisa chivezwa ichi pasi uye kuisa chivakwa chepamusoro, yozobatanidza machira acho nejecha rekupedzisira nekupolisha, kuenzanisa pakati pehunyanzvi nekushanda, dzidziso nechokwadi, nguva inodiwa nenguva yakarongwa.
Lou Czerny, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weinjiniya uye maneja wepurojekiti yeMTH, akati aifarira kusiyana kwepurojekiti iyi. "Sekuziva kwedu, zvinhu zviri kuitika papurojekiti iyi zvisati zvamboitwa kana kuti zvisati zvambofungwa nezvazvo," Cerny akadaro.
Asi kushanda pabasa rekutanga-rega kunoda hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa matambudziko asingatarisirwi uye kupindura mibvunzo inomuka munzira:
Ungabatanidza sei mapaneru esimbi isina ngura 128 emota panzvimbo inogara iripo uchipfeka magirovhosi evana? Ungabatanidza sei bhinzi hombe yakaita sebow usina kuvimba nayo? Ndingapinda sei mu weld ndisingakwanise ku weld kubva mukati? Ndingawana sei girazi rakakwana rema welds esimbi isina ngura mumunda? Chii chinoitika kana mheni ikamurova?
Czerny akati chiratidzo chekutanga chekuti chirongwa ichi chaizova chakaoma zvikuru chaive pakatanga kuvakwa nekuiswa kwemidziyo inorema mapaundi zviuru makumi matatu. Chivako chesimbi chinotsigira chifananidzo.
Kunyangwe simbi yekuvaka ine zinc yakawanda yakapihwa nePSI yekubatanidza hwaro hwechivako chaive nyore kugadzira, chikuva chechivako chaive hafu pamusoro peresitorendi uye hafu pamusoro penzvimbo yekupaka mota, chimwe nechimwe chiri pakukwirira kwakasiyana.
"Saka hwaro hwacho hwakaita sehwakavharika uye hwakadengenyeka," akadaro Czerny. "Patakaisa simbi iyi yakawanda, kusanganisira pakutanga kweslab pachayo, takatofanira kumanikidza crane kupinda mugomba remamita mashanu."
Czerny akati vaishandisa sisitimu yekunamira yakasimba kwazvo, kusanganisira sisitimu yekuisa simba remagetsi yakafanana neinoshandiswa mukuchera marasha uye mamwe maankora emakemikari. Kana hwaro hwesimbi hwaiswa mukongiri, chivakwa chepamusoro chinofanira kuvakwa icho ganda racho richanamirwa.
"Takatanga kuisa sisitimu yetruss tichishandisa maO-rings maviri makuru akagadzirwa nesimbi isingatsvinda ye304—imwe iri kumucheto wekuchamhembe kwechivakwa uye imwe iri kumucheto wekumaodzanyemba," anodaro Czerny (ona Mufananidzo 3). MaRin'i aya akabatanidzwa nematubhu akabatana. Chikamu che ring core chinopatsanurwa uye chinosungirirwa panzvimbo yacho tichishandisa GMAW, bar welding uye welded stiffeners.
"Saka kune chivakwa chikuru chisina kumboonekwa nemunhu; chakagadzirirwa chimiro chechivakwa chete," akadaro Czerny.
Pasinei nekuedza kwakanakisisa mukugadzira, kugadzira, kugadzira uye kuisa zvese zvinodiwa pachirongwa cheAuckland, chifananidzo ichi hachina kumboitika uye nzira itsva dzinogara dzichiperekedzwa nemaburi nemavanga. Saizvozvowo, kuenzanisa pfungwa yekugadzira yekambani imwe neimwe hakusi nyore sekupfuudza tsvimbo. Pamusoro pezvo, daro riripo pakati penzvimbo dzakakonzera kunonoka kwekutumira, izvo zvakaita kuti zvive nemusoro kugadzira zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemuno.
"Kunyange zvazvo nzira dzekubatanidza nekunamira dzakarongwa muAuckland pachine nguva, mamiriro chaiwo enzvimbo yacho aida kuti munhu wese ave neunyanzvi," akadaro Silva. "Uye vashandi vesangano revashandi vakanaka chaizvo."
Mumwedzi mishoma yekutanga, maitiro ezuva nezuva eMTH aive ekuona kuti basa rezuva nezuva raisanganisirei uye kuti nzira yakanakisisa yekugadzira zvimwe zvezvikamu zve subframe assembly, pamwe chete nezvimwe struts, "shocks", maoko, mapini, nemapini. Er akati pogo sticks dzaidiwa kugadzira siding system yenguva pfupi.
"Inzira inoramba ichiitwa yekugadzira nekugadzira zvinhu nekukurumidza kuti zvinhu zvifambe zvakanaka uye zvisvike mumunda nekukurumidza. Tinopedza nguva yakawanda tichironga zvatiinazvo, dzimwe nguva tichigadzira patsva uye tichigadzira patsva, tobva tagadzira zvikamu zvatinoda."
"NeChipiri tichava nezvinhu gumi zvatichafanira kuendesa kunzvimbo iyi neChitatu," akadaro Hill. "Tine basa rakawanda rekushanda nguva yakawanda uye basa rakawanda muchitoro rinoitwa pakati pehusiku."
"Inenge 75 muzana yezvinhu zvinosungirirwa padivi zvinogadzirwa kana kugadziriswa mumunda," akadaro Czerny. "Kazhinji taibhadhara maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva. Ndakanga ndiri kuchitoro kusvika na2, na3 mangwanani, uye na5:30 ndakadzokera kumba kunogeza nekutenga zvinoshandiswa, zvichiri kunyorova."
Sisitimu yeMTN yekumisikidza kwenguva pfupi yekubatanidza ganda remugungwa ine masprings, struts netambo. Majoini ese ari pakati pemaplates anobatanidzwa nemabhaudhi kwenguva pfupi. "Saka chivakwa chose chakabatana nehunyanzvi, chakarembera kubva mukati pamatanda mazana matatu nemana," akadaro Czerny.
Dzinotangira padome riri pasi pechifananidzo cheomgala - "guvhu reguvhu". Dome rakasungirirwa kubva pamatanda esimbi uchishandisa sisitimu yechitubu chenguva pfupi ine mapoinzi mana, ine ma hangers, tambo nema springs. Czerny akati chitubu chinopa "kusvetuka" sezvo mamwe mapuranga achiwedzerwa. Masipiringi anozogadziriswa zvichienderana nehuremu hunowedzerwa neplate yega yega kuti chifananidzo chose chienzane.
Bhodhi rega rega re168 rine sisitimu yaro yekutsigira kumiswa kwechitubu ine mapoinzi mana saka inotsigirwa yega yega panzvimbo yayo. "Pfungwa haisi yekuongorora zvakanyanya majoini nekuti majoini iwayo anoiswa pamwe chete kuti pave nekuputsika kwe0/0," akadaro Cerny. "Kana bhodhi rikarova bhodhi riri pasi payo zvinogona kukonzera kupenga nezvimwe zvinetso."
Seuchapupu hwekururama kwePSI, chivakwa chacho chakanaka kwazvo pasina kutamba kwakawanda. "PSI yakaita basa rakanaka nemapaneru," anodaro Czerny. "Ndinovapa rumbidzo nekuti, pakupedzisira, anokwana zvechokwadi. Kukwana kwacho kwakanaka chaizvo uye kwakanaka kwandiri. Tiri kutaura nezve chiuru cheinji."
"Pavanopedza kuunganidza, vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti vapedza," akadaro Silva, kwete chete nekuti misono yacho yakasimba, asi nekuti zvikamu zvakaungana zvizere, nemaplate avo akagadzirwa negirazi, zvakatanga kushanda, zvichiratidza zvakamupoteredza. . Asi misono yebutt inoonekwa, mvura yemercury haina misono. Pamusoro pezvo, chifananidzo chaifanira kusungirirwa zvizere kuchengetedza chimiro chayo chezvizvarwa zvinotevera, akadaro Silva.
Kupedzwa kweGore reMakore kwakanonoka panguva yekuvhurwa kukuru kwepaki mumatsutso a2004, saka omhalus yakava GTAW iri kurarama, uye izvi zvakaenderera kwemwedzi yakati wandei.
"Unogona kuona matema madiki ebrown akatenderedza chivako chose, ayo ari maTIG solder joints," akadaro Czerny. "Takatanga kugadzirisa matende muna Ndira."
"Dambudziko guru rinotevera rekugadzira purojekiti iyi raive rekusundira musono pasina kurasikirwa nechimiro chakakodzera nekuda kwekuoma kwekusundira," akadaro Silva.
Sekureva kwaCzerny, kubatanidza plasma kunoita kuti pave nesimba uye kuomarara kunodiwa pasina njodzi huru pajira racho. Musanganiswa we98% argon ne2% helium ndiwo wakanakisisa mukuderedza kusvibiswa uye kuvandudza kusanganiswa kwesimbi.
Vanowedera vanoshandisa matekiniki ekuwedera eplasma vachishandisa maturusi emagetsi eThermal Arc® uye magungano etractor netochi akagadzirwa uye anoshandiswa nePSI.