Masomphenya a Anish Kapoor pa chifaniziro cha Cloud Gate chomwe chili ku Millennium Park ku Chicago ndi akuti chimafanana ndi mercury yamadzimadzi, chomwe chikuwonetsa bwino mzinda wozungulira. Kukwaniritsa izi ndi ntchito yachikondi.
"Chomwe ndimafuna kuchita ku Millennium Park chinali kuphatikiza malo okwerera ku Chicago ... kuti anthu athe kuwona mitambo ikuyandama mmenemo ndi nyumba zazitali kwambiri izi zikuonekera mu ntchitoyo. Kenako, popeza ili ngati chitseko, wochita nawo, wowonera, azitha kulowa mchipinda chozama kwambirichi, chomwe mwanjira ina chimachita chimodzimodzi ndi kuwunikira kwa munthu, monga momwe mawonekedwe a ntchitoyo amakhalira ndi kuwunikira kwa mzinda wozungulira. — Wojambula wotchuka padziko lonse waku Britain. Anish Kapoor, wojambula zithunzi wa Cloud Gate
Poyang'ana pamwamba pa bata la chifaniziro chachikulu chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ichi, n'kovuta kuganiza kuti chitsulo ndi kulimba mtima zimabisala pansi pa pamwamba pake. Cloud Gate imabisa nkhani za opanga zitsulo oposa 100, odulira, osonkha, odulira zitsulo, mainjiniya, akatswiri, ogwira ntchito zachitsulo, okhazikitsa ndi oyang'anira - pazaka zisanu zonse.
Ambiri amagwira ntchito maola ambiri, amagwira ntchito m'ma workshop pakati pa usiku, amamanga msasa pamalo omanga ndipo amagwira ntchito kutentha kwa madigiri 110 atavala suti zonse za Tyvek® ndi masks theka. Ena amagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi mphamvu yokoka, kupachikidwa pa zingwe, kugwira zida, ndi kugwira ntchito pamalo otsetsereka. Chilichonse chimayenda pang'ono (ndipo chapitirira) kuti zinthu zosatheka zitheke.
Kukulitsa lingaliro la wosema ziboliboli Anish Kapoor la mitambo yoyandama ya ethereal kukhala chiboliboli chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha matani 110, chautali wa mapazi 66, chautali wa mapazi 33 chinali ntchito ya Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, California, ndi MTH. Villa Park, Illinois. Pa chikondwerero chake cha zaka 120, MTH ndi imodzi mwa makampani akale kwambiri opanga zitsulo ndi magalasi m'dera la Chicago.
Zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito pulojekitiyi zidzadalira luso la makampani onse awiri, luso lawo laukadaulo, luso lawo la makina, ndi luso lawo lopanga zinthu. Ndi zida zopangidwa mwamakonda komanso zomangidwa pa pulojekitiyi.
Mavuto ena a pulojekitiyi amachokera ku mawonekedwe ake ozungulira modabwitsa - dontho kapena mchombo wozondoka - ndipo ena ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu. Zibolibolizo zinamangidwa ndi makampani awiri osiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana makilomita zikwizikwi, zomwe zimapangitsa mavuto ndi mayendedwe ndi machitidwe antchito. Njira zambiri zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa m'munda zimakhala zovuta kuchita m'sitolo, osatinso m'munda. Vuto lalikulu limabwera chifukwa chakuti nyumba yotereyi sinapangidwepo kale. Chifukwa chake, palibe kulumikizana, palibe dongosolo, palibe mapu a msewu.
Ethan Silva wa ku PSI ali ndi luso lalikulu pa ntchito yomanga mabwato, choyamba pa sitima zapamadzi kenako m'mapulojekiti ena a zaluso, ndipo ali ndi ziyeneretso zogwira ntchito zapadera zomanga mabwato. Anish Kapoor anapempha wophunzira wa Physics and Art kuti apereke chitsanzo chaching'ono.
“Ndinapanga chitsanzo cha 2m x 3m, chidutswa chosalala bwino chopindika, ndipo anati ‘O, ndiwe wekha amene wachita’ chifukwa wakhala akufunafuna kwa zaka ziwiri kuti apeze wina wochita zimenezo.” Silva anatero.
Dongosolo loyambirira linali lakuti PSI ipange ndikumanga chifaniziro chonsecho kenako n’kutumiza chidutswa chonsecho kum’mwera kwa Pacific, kudzera mu Panama Canal, kumpoto m’mbali mwa Nyanja ya Atlantic ndi m’mbali mwa nyanja ya St. Lawrence kupita ku doko la Nyanja ya Michigan. , malinga ndi Edward Ulir, mkulu wa Millennium Park Inc. Malinga ndi mawuwo, makina onyamulira zinthu apadera adzachinyamula kupita ku Millennium Park. Kuchepa kwa nthawi ndi magwiridwe antchito zinapangitsa kuti mapulaniwa asinthe. Chifukwa chake, mapanelo opindika anayenera kumangidwa kuti anyamulidwe ndi kunyamulidwa kupita ku Chicago, komwe MTH inasonkhanitsa malo ogwirira ntchito ndi malo ogwirira ntchito, ndikulumikiza mapanelowo ku malo ogwirira ntchito.
Kumaliza ndi kupukuta ma weld a Cloud Gate kuti awoneke bwino chinali chimodzi mwa zinthu zovuta kwambiri pakuyika ndi kuyika pamalopo. Njira ya masitepe 12 imatsirizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito blush yowala, yofanana ndi polish yodzikongoletsera.
"Kwenikweni, tinagwira ntchito pa ntchitoyi kwa zaka pafupifupi zitatu kupanga zigawozi," adatero Silva. "Iyi ndi ntchito yovuta. Zimatenga nthawi yambiri kuti tidziwe momwe tingachitire ndikukonza tsatanetsatane; mukudziwa, kungokwaniritsa cholinga chathu. Momwe timagwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo wa makompyuta ndi ntchito zakale zachitsulo ndi kuphatikiza kwa ukadaulo wopanga ndi ukadaulo wa ndege."
Malinga ndi iye, n'zovuta kupanga chinthu chachikulu komanso cholemera chonchi mwaluso kwambiri. Ma slab akuluakulu anali ndi mulifupi wa mapazi 7 ndi kutalika kwa mapazi 11 ndipo anali olemera mapaundi 1,500.
“Kuchita ntchito yonse ya CAD ndikupanga zojambula zenizeni za shopu ya ntchitoyi ndi ntchito yaikulu yokha,” akutero Silva. “Timagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa makompyuta poyesa ma plate ndikuwunika molondola mawonekedwe awo ndi kupindika kwawo kuti agwirizane bwino.
“Tinachita kuyeserera kwa pakompyuta kenako tinagawa,” anatero Silva. “Ndinagwiritsa ntchito luso langa pakupanga zipolopolo ndipo ndinali ndi malingaliro amomwe ndingagawire mawonekedwe kuti mizere ya msoko igwire ntchito kuti tipeze zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.”
Ma mbale ena ndi ozungulira, ena ndi ofanana ndi pie. Akayandikira kwambiri kusintha kwamphamvu, amakhala ofanana ndi pie ndipo radius ya kusintha kwa radial imakula. Kumtunda amakhala osalala komanso okulirapo.
Plasma imadula chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316L chokhuthala ndi mainchesi 1/4 mpaka 3/8, akutero Silva, chomwe chili cholimba chokha. "Vuto lenileni ndikupatsa ma slab akuluakulu kupindika kolondola. Izi zimachitika mwa kupanga bwino kwambiri chimango cha nthiti za slab iliyonse. Mwanjira imeneyi, titha kudziwa bwino mawonekedwe a slab iliyonse."
Mabolodi amakulungidwa pa ma rollers a 3D omwe PSI adapanga ndikupanga makamaka kuti azikulungidwa pa mabolodi awa (onani chithunzi 1). "Ali ngati msuwani wa ma rollers aku Britain. Timawakulungidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womwewo monga mapiko," adatero Silva. Pindani gulu lililonse polisuntha kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo pa ma rollers, ndikukonza kupanikizika kwa ma rollers mpaka ma rollers ali mkati mwa 0.01″ kuchokera kukula komwe mukufuna. Malinga ndi iye, kulondola kwakukulu komwe kumafunika kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupanga mapepala bwino.
Kenako wowotcherera amawotcherera waya wozungulira ndi flux-core ku kapangidwe ka dongosolo lamkati la ribbed. "Malinga ndi maganizo anga, waya wozungulira ndi flux-core ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira ma weld a structural steel stainless steel," akutero Silva. "Izi zimakupatsani ma weld apamwamba kwambiri poganizira kwambiri kupanga ndi kukongola."
Malo onse a bolodi amapukutidwa ndi manja ndi kupukutidwa pa makina kuti adule mpaka mainchesi chikwi kuti agwirizane (onani chithunzi 2). Tsimikizani kukula kwake pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera molondola komanso zojambulira pogwiritsa ntchito laser. Pomaliza, mbaleyo imapukutidwa mpaka kumalizidwe ndi galasi ndikukutidwa ndi filimu yoteteza.
Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mapanelo, pamodzi ndi maziko ndi kapangidwe ka mkati, anasonkhanitsidwa mu msonkhano woyesera mapanelo asanatumizidwe kuchokera ku Auckland (onani zithunzi 3 ndi 4). Ndinakonza njira yopangira matabwa ndipo ndinalumikiza matabwa angapo ang'onoang'ono kuti ndiwalumikize pamodzi. "Chifukwa chake titakonza ku Chicago, tidadziwa kuti zigwirizana," adatero Silva.
Kutentha, nthawi ndi kugwedezeka kwa trolley kungapangitse kuti pepala lozungulira limasulidwe. Chingwe cholumikizira nthiticho sichimangopangidwira kulimbitsa bolodi, komanso kusunga mawonekedwe a bolodi panthawi yoyendetsa.
Chifukwa chake, pamene ukonde wolimbitsa uli mkati, mbaleyo imatenthedwa ndi kutentha ndikuziziritsidwa kuti ichepetse kupsinjika kwa zinthu. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu, makanda amapangidwa pa mbale iliyonse kenako amaikidwa m'zidebe, pafupifupi zinayi nthawi imodzi.
Kenako makontenawo anadzazidwa ndi zinthu zomalizidwa pang'ono, pafupifupi zinayi panthawi imodzi, ndipo anatumizidwa ku Chicago ndi ogwira ntchito ku PSI kuti akaikidwe ndi ogwira ntchito ku MTH. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi katswiri wa zinthu yemwe amayang'anira mayendedwe, ndipo winayo ndi woyang'anira gawo laukadaulo. Amagwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ogwira ntchito ku MTH ndipo amathandiza kupanga ukadaulo watsopano ngati pakufunika. "Zachidziwikire, anali gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ntchitoyi," adatero Silva.
Malinga ndi Purezidenti wa MTH Lyle Hill, MTH Industries poyamba inali ndi ntchito yomangirira chifaniziro cha ethereal pansi ndikuyika superstructure, kenako kulumikiza mapepala ndi sandpaper yomaliza ndikupukuta, kulinganiza pakati pa zaluso ndi zothandiza, chiphunzitso ndi zenizeni, nthawi yofunikira ndi nthawi yokonzedweratu.
Lou Czerny, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa uinjiniya ndi manejala wa polojekiti ya MTH, anati ali ndi chidwi ndi kusiyana kwa ntchitoyi. "Malinga ndi zomwe tikudziwa, zinthu zikuchitika pa ntchitoyi zomwe sizinachitikepo kapena zomwe sizinaganizidwepo kale," adatero Cerny.
Koma kugwira ntchito yoyamba kumafuna luso losinthasintha pamalopo kuti muthane ndi mavuto osayembekezereka ndikuyankha mafunso omwe amabuka panjira:
Kodi mumalumikiza bwanji mapanelo 128 achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha galimoto ku superstructure yokhazikika mutavala magolovesi a ana? Kodi mungalumikize bwanji nyemba yayikulu yooneka ngati uta popanda kudalira? Ndingalowe bwanji mu weld popanda kutha kulumikiza kuchokera mkati? Kodi ndingakwaniritse bwanji galasi loyenera la welds zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri m'munda? Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mphezi ikumugunda?
Czerny anati chizindikiro choyamba chakuti ntchitoyi idzakhala yovuta kwambiri chinali pamene ntchito yomanga ndi kukhazikitsa zida zolemera mapaundi 30,000 inayamba. Kapangidwe kachitsulo kochirikiza chibolibolicho.
Ngakhale kuti chitsulo chapamwamba chomwe chinaperekedwa ndi PSI kuti chigwirizane ndi maziko a nyumbayo chinali chosavuta kupanga, nsanja ya nyumbayo inali theka pamwamba pa lesitilanti ndi theka pamwamba pa malo oimika magalimoto, chilichonse chili pamtunda wosiyana.
“Chifukwa chake maziko ake ndi opindika komanso ogwedezeka,” anatero Czerny. “Kumene tinayika chitsulo chambirichi, kuphatikizapo kumayambiriro kwa slab yokha, tinayenera kukakamiza crane kulowa mu dzenje la mamita 5.”
Czerny anati adagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira yolimba kwambiri, kuphatikizapo njira yolumikizira yogwiritsira ntchito makina ofanana ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokumba malasha ndi zina zolumikizira mankhwala. Pansi pa chitsulocho pakakhala konkire, payenera kumangidwa malo omangira omwe chipolopolocho chidzamangiriridwa.
“Tinayamba kukhazikitsa makina odulira pogwiritsa ntchito mphete ziwiri zazikulu zopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304—imodzi kumpoto kwa nyumbayo ndi ina kum'mwera,” akutero Czerny (onani Chithunzi 3). Mphetezo zimamangiriridwa ndi ma trusses olumikizana. Chipinda chapakati cha mphete chimagawidwa m'magawo ndikumangidwa pamalo ake pogwiritsa ntchito GMAW, bar welding ndi welded stiffeners.
"Chifukwa chake pali nyumba yaikulu kwambiri yomwe palibe amene adaiwonapo; ndi ya chimango chokhacho," adatero Czerny.
Ngakhale kuti pakhala khama lalikulu popanga, kupanga, kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa zinthu zonse zofunika pa ntchito ya Auckland, chifanizirochi sichinachitikepo ndipo njira zatsopano nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi ziphuphu ndi mikwingwirima. Mofananamo, kufananiza lingaliro la kampani imodzi yopanga ndi ina sikophweka monga kupatsirana ndodo. Kuphatikiza apo, mtunda weniweni pakati pa malo unapangitsa kuti kutumiza kuchedwe, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zomveka kupanga zinthu zina zakomweko.
"Ngakhale kuti njira zomangira ndi kuwotcherera zidakonzedwa ku Auckland pasadakhale, momwe malowo analili zimafuna kuti aliyense akhale waluso," adatero Silva. "Ndipo ogwira ntchito m'bungwe la mgwirizano ndi abwino kwambiri."
Kwa miyezi ingapo yoyambirira, ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya MTH inali kudziwa zomwe ntchito ya tsikulo inali komanso momwe angapangire bwino zina mwa zigawo zomangira mafelemu, komanso zida zina, "zida zogwedezeka", manja, mapini, ndi mapini. Er anati ndodo za pogo zinkafunika kuti pakhale njira yakanthawi yolumikizirana.
"Ndi njira yopitilira yopangira ndi kupanga zinthu mwachangu kuti zinthu ziyende bwino komanso kuti zifike mwachangu. Timagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri kukonza zomwe tili nazo, nthawi zina kupanga ndi kukonzanso, kenako timapanga ziwalo zomwe timafunikira."
"Lachiwiri tidzakhala ndi zinthu 10 zomwe tiyenera kuzipereka ku malowa Lachitatu," adatero Hill. "Tili ndi ntchito yambiri yogwira ntchito nthawi yowonjezera komanso ntchito zambiri m'sitolo zomwe zachitika pakati pausiku."
“Pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya zinthu zoyimitsira pa sideboard zimapangidwa kapena kusinthidwa m'munda,” anatero Czerny. “Nthawi zingapo tinkalipira tsiku lonse la maola 24. Ndinali ku sitolo mpaka 2, 3 koloko m'mawa, ndipo nthawi ya 5:30 ndinabwerera kunyumba kukasamba ndikudya zosakaniza, ndidakali wonyowa.”
Dongosolo la MTN loyimitsa kwakanthawi lopangira chipolopolocho limapangidwa ndi ma spring, struts ndi zingwe. Zolumikizira zonse pakati pa mbale zimamangiriridwa kwakanthawi ndi mabolts. "Kotero kapangidwe konse kamakhala kolumikizidwa ndi makina, kolumikizidwa mkati mwa ma trusses 304," adatero Czerny.
Amayambira pa dome yomwe ili pansi pa chifaniziro cha omgala - "mchombo wa mchombo". Domeyo inapachikidwa pa ma trusses pogwiritsa ntchito makina ochirikiza kasupe woyimitsidwa wa mfundo zinayi kwakanthawi, wokhala ndi ma hangers, zingwe ndi masipeyala. Czerny adati kasupeyo "imagunda" pamene matabwa ambiri akuwonjezedwa. Masipeyalawo amasinthidwa kutengera kulemera komwe mbale iliyonse imawonjezera kuti chifanizirocho chikhale chofanana.
Bolodi lililonse mwa 168 lili ndi njira yake yothandizira yolumikizira masika ya mfundo zinayi kotero imathandizidwa payekhapayekha. "Lingaliro ndilakuti tisamaganizire mopitirira muyeso malo olumikizirana chifukwa malo olumikiziranawo amapangidwa kuti akwaniritse kusweka kwa 0/0," adatero Cerny. "Ngati bolodi ligunda bolodi lomwe lili pansi pake lingayambitse kupindika ndi mavuto ena."
Monga umboni wa kulondola kwa PSI, kapangidwe kake ndi kabwino kwambiri popanda kusewera kwambiri. "PSI yachita ntchito yabwino kwambiri ndi mapanelo," akutero Czerny. "Ndimawayamikira chifukwa, pamapeto pake, amakwanira bwino. Kuyenerera kwake ndi kwabwino kwambiri ndipo ndi kwabwino kwa ine. Tikulankhula za pafupifupi mainchesi chikwi."
“Akamaliza kusonkhanitsa, anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti amaliza,” adatero Silva, osati chifukwa chakuti mipiringidzo ndi yolimba, komanso chifukwa chakuti zigawo zonse zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa, ndi mbale zawo zopukutidwa bwino kwambiri, zinayamba kugwira ntchito, kuwonetsa malo omwe ali pafupi naye. . Koma mipiringidzo ya m'mbuyo imawoneka, mercury yamadzimadzi ilibe mipiringidzo. Kuphatikiza apo, chifanizirocho chinayenera kulumikizidwa mokwanira kuti chisunge bwino kapangidwe kake ka mibadwo yamtsogolo, adatero Silva.
Kumaliza ntchito ya Cloud Gate kunachedwetsedwa panthawi yotsegulira pakiyi mu nthawi yophukira ya 2004, kotero omhalus inakhala GTAW yamoyo, ndipo izi zinapitirira kwa miyezi ingapo.
"Mutha kuwona madontho ang'onoang'ono abulauni kuzungulira nyumbayo, omwe ndi malo olumikizirana a TIG solder," adatero Czerny. "Tinayamba kukonzanso mahema mu Januwale."
"Vuto lalikulu lotsatira pakupanga pulojekitiyi linali kulumikiza msoko popanda kutaya kulondola kwa mawonekedwe chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuwotcherera," adatero Silva.
Malinga ndi Czerny, kulumikiza plasma kumapereka mphamvu ndi kulimba kofunikira popanda chiopsezo chachikulu pa pepalalo. Kusakaniza kwa 98% argon ndi 2% helium ndikwabwino kwambiri pochepetsa kuipitsa mpweya ndikuwonjezera kusakanikirana.
Owotcherera amagwiritsa ntchito njira zowotcherera za keyhole plasma pogwiritsa ntchito magwero amagetsi a Thermal Arc® ndi ma trekitala apadera ndi ma torch omwe adapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi PSI.