Ko te moemoeā a Anish Kapoor mō te whakairo o Cloud Gate i te Millennium Park o Chicago he rite ki te wai mercury, he whakaata maeneene i te tāone e karapoti ana. He mahi aroha te whakatutuki i tēnei katoa.
"Ko taku i hiahia ai ki te mahi i roto i te Millennium Park ko te whakauru i te tirohanga whānui o Chicago … kia kite ai te iwi i ngā kapua e rere ana i roto, me ēnei whare tino teitei e whakaata ana i roto i te mahi toi. Ā, nā te mea he tatau te āhua, ka taea e te kaiuru, te kaimātakitaki, te tomo ki tēnei rūma hohonu rawa, e rite ana ki te whakaata o te tangata, pērā i te āhua o te mahi toi ki te whakaata o te tāone e karapoti ana." — He tohunga toi rongonui o te ao Piritana. Anish Kapoor, he kaiwhakairo o te Cloud Gate
Ki te titiro atu ki te mata marino o tēnei whakairo kowiri tira nui, he uaua ki te matapae i te nui o te konganuku me te maia e huna ana i raro i tōna mata. Kei roto i te Cloud Gate ngā kōrero mō ngā kaihanga konganuku neke atu i te 100, ngā kaitapahi, ngā kaiwhakarewa, ngā kaikōti, ngā miihini, ngā tohunga hangarau, ngā kaimahi konganuku, ngā kaiwhakauru me ngā kaiwhakahaere – mō ngā tau e rima katoa.
He tokomaha e mahi ana i ngā hāora roa, e mahi ana i ngā awheawhe i waenganui pō, e puni ana i te papa hangahanga, e mahi ana i ngā pāmahana 110-tohu i roto i ngā hūtu Tyvek® me ngā kopare haurua. Ko ētahi e mahi ana i te ātete ki te kaha ā-papa, e iri ana i ngā whitiki, e pupuri ana i ngā taputapu, e mahi ana i ngā pari pahekeheke. He iti noa iho ngā mahi katoa (ā, he nui rawa atu) hei whakatutuki i te mea kāore e taea.
Ko te mahi a te kaiwhakairo a Anish Kapoor, arā, ko ngā kapua e rere ana i roto i tētahi whakairo maitai kore waikura, 110 tana te taumaha, 66 putu te roa, 33 putu te teitei, nā Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, California, me MTH. Villa Park, Illinois. I tōna huritau 120 tau, ko MTH tētahi o ngā kaihanga maitai me te karāhe tawhito rawa atu i te rohe o Chicago.
Ko ngā whakaritenga mō te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa ka whakawhirinaki ki te mahi toi, te auahatanga, ngā pūkenga mīhini me te mōhiotanga hangahanga o ngā kamupene e rua. He taputapu hanga motuhake, he taputapu hanga hoki ēnei mō te kaupapa.
Ko ētahi o ngā raruraru o te kaupapa i ahu mai i tōna āhua piko rerekē – he ira, he pito rānei e huripokitia ana – ā, ko ētahi i tōna rahi rawa. I hangaia ngā whakairo e ngā kamupene rerekē e rua i ngā wāhi rerekē, he mano maero te tawhiti, ā, ka puta he raruraru ki te kawe waka me ngā momo mahi. He maha ngā tukanga me mahi i te mara he uaua ki te mahi i runga i te papa o te toa, ā, kāore anō kia kōrerotia i te mara. Ka puta te uauatanga nui nā te mea kāore anō kia hangaia he hanganga pēnei i mua. Nō reira, kāore he hononga, kāore he mahere, kāore he mahere ara.
He nui ngā wheako o Ethan Silva o PSI ki te hanga waka, i runga i ngā kaipuke i te tuatahi, ā, i muri mai i roto i ētahi atu kaupapa toi, ā, he tohunga ia ki te mahi i ngā mahi hanga waka ahurei. I tono a Anish Kapoor ki tētahi tauira paetahi o te Ahupūngao me te Toi kia homai he tauira iti.
"Nō reira i hanga e au he tauira 2m x 3m, he mea piko maeneene kua orohia, ā, ka mea ia 'Āe, nāu i mahi, ko koe anake te tangata i mahi' nā te mea kua rua tau ia e rapu ana i tētahi hei mahi." te kī a Silva.
Ko te mahere taketake kia hangaia e PSI te whakairo katoa, kātahi ka tukuna te whakairo katoa ki te tonga o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, mā te Awa o Panama, ki te raki i te Moana Ataratiki me te taha o te Moana Moana o St. Lawrence ki tētahi tauranga i te Roto o Michigan. , e ai ki a Edward Ulir, te tumuaki matua o Millennium Park Inc. E ai ki te kōrero, ka haria e tētahi pūnaha kawe waka motuhake ki Millennium Park. Nā te iti o te wā me te whaihua i huri ai ēnei mahere. Nō reira, me here ngā panera piko mō te kawe me te kawe taraka ki Chicago, ki reira i huihuia ai e MTH te hanganga raro me te hanganga o runga, ā, i honoa ai ngā panera ki te hanganga o runga.
Ko te whakaoti me te whakakanapa i ngā whakapiringa Cloud Gate kia ātaahua te āhua, ko tētahi o ngā wāhanga tino uaua o te tāutanga me te huihuinga i te papaanga. Ka oti te tukanga 12-taahiraa mā te pania he whero kanapa, he rite ki te whakakanapa whakapaipai.
"Ko te tikanga, e toru tau mātou e mahi ana i tēnei kaupapa ki te hanga i ēnei wāhanga," te kī a Silva. "He mahi uaua tēnei. He nui te wā e pau ana ki te whakaaro me pēhea te mahi me te whakaoti i ngā taipitopito; kia tino tika ai. Ko te huarahi e whakamahia ai e mātou te hangarau rorohiko me te mahi whakarewa tawhito he whakakotahitanga o te hanga me te hangarau rererangi."
E ai ki a ia, he uaua ki te hanga i tētahi mea nui, taumaha hoki me te tino tika. Ko te toharite o ngā pereti nui rawa ko te 7 putu te whānui, 11 putu te roa, ā, ko te taumaha ko te 1,500 pauna.
"He kaupapa nui te mahi i ngā mahi CAD katoa me te waihanga i ngā tuhi toa mō te mahi," te kī a Silva. "Ka whakamahia e mātou te hangarau rorohiko hei ine i ngā pereti, hei aromatawai tika hoki i ō rātou āhua me te piko kia tika ai te uru tahi."
"I whakahaerehia e mātou he whakatauira rorohiko, kātahi ka wehewehea," te kī a Silva. "I whakamahia e au taku wheako ki te hanga anga, ā, i a au ētahi whakaaro mō te wehewehe i ngā āhua kia pai ai te mahi a ngā rārangi tuitui kia whiwhi ai mātou i ngā hua kounga pai rawa atu."
He tapawhā ētahi pereti, he āhua pai ētahi. Ka tata atu ki te whakawhiti koi, ka nui ake te āhua pai, ā, ka nui ake te pūtoro o te whakawhiti pūtoro. I te taha o runga, he papatahi, he nui ake.
E ai ki a Silva, ka tapahia e te plasma te maitai kore waikura 316L he 1/4 ki te 3/8-inihi te matotoru, he kaha rawa atu i a ia anō. "Ko te wero tūturu ko te hoatu i tētahi piko tino tika ki ngā pereti nunui. Ka mahia tēnei mā te hanga me te hanga tino tika o te anga o te pūnaha rara mō ia pereti. Mā tēnei, ka taea e tātou te whakatau tika i te āhua o ia pereti."
Ka hurihia ngā papa ki runga i ngā roera 3D i hangaia, i hangaia hoki e PSI mō te hurihuri i ēnei papa (tirohia te pikitia 1). "He rite ki te whanaunga o ngā roera Piritana. Ka hurihia e mātou mā te whakamahi i te hangarau kotahi me ngā parirau," te kī a Silva. Pikohia ia panera mā te neke whakamua, whakamua hoki i runga i ngā roera, me te whakarite i te pēhanga ki runga i ngā roera kia tae rā anō ngā panera ki roto i te 0.01″ o te rahi e hiahiatia ana. E ai ki a ia, ko te tino tika e hiahiatia ana ka uaua ki te hanga pepa maeneene.
Kātahi ka whakarewahia e te kaitārai te waea kua whakapūmauhia ki te hanganga o te pūnaha rara o roto. "Ki taku whakaaro, he huarahi tino pai te waea kua whakapūmauhia ki te hanga i ngā whakarewa hanganga kowiri tira," te whakamārama a Silva. "Mā tēnei ka whiwhi koe i ngā whakarewa kounga teitei me te arotahi ki te hanga me te āhua ataahua."
Ka orohia ā-ringa ngā mata papa katoa, ka mirahia ki runga i te mīhini hei tapahi i te mano inihi kia uru tahi ai (tirohia te pikitia 2). Manatokohia ngā inenga mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu ine tika me te matawai laser. Hei whakamutunga, ka orohia te pereti kia rite ki te whakaata, ā, ka hipokina ki te kiriata tiaki.
Tata ki te hautoru o ngā panera, me te turanga me te hanganga o roto, i huihuia i roto i tētahi huihuinga whakamātautau i mua i te tukunga mai o ngā panera mai i Tāmaki Makaurau (tirohia ngā whakaahua 3 me te 4). I whakamaheretia te tukanga whakatakoto papa, ā, i whakapirihia ētahi papa iti hei hono atu. "Nō reira, i te wā i huihuia ai e mātou ki Chicago, i mōhio mātou ka uru," te kī a Silva.
Ka taea e te pāmahana, te wā me te wiri o te taraka te wetewete i te pepa kua hurihia. Ehara i te mea ko te whatu rara anake te mea i hangaia hei whakanui ake i te pakari o te papa, engari hei pupuri hoki i te āhua o te papa i te wā e kawe ana.
Nō reira, ina whakauruhia te mata whakakaha ki roto, ka whakamahanahia te pereti, ka whakamataohia hoki hei whakamama i te taumahatanga o te rauemi. Hei ārai i te kino i te wā e kawe ana, ka hangaia he whāriki mō ia rihi, kātahi ka utaina ki roto i ngā ipu, tata ki te whā i te wā kotahi.
Kātahi ka utaina ngā ipu ki ngā hua haurua-oti, tata ki te whā i te wā kotahi, ā, ka tukuna ki Chicago me ngā kaimahi PSI kia tāutahia me ngā kaimahi MTH. Ko tētahi o rātou he kaimahi whakahaere i ngā mahi kawe, ko tētahi he kaiwhakahaere i te wāhanga hangarau. Ka mahi ia i ia rā me ngā kaimahi MTH, ā, ka āwhina i te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau hou ina hiahiatia. "Ko te tikanga, he wāhanga nui ia o te tukanga," te kī a Silva.
E ai ki te Perehitini o MTH, a Lyle Hill, i te tīmatanga, ko te mahi a MTH Industries he here i te whakairo ataahua ki te whenua, me te tāuta i te hanganga o runga, kātahi ka whakarewahia ngā pepa ki reira, me te oro me te whakakanapa whakamutunga. Ko te taurite i waenga i te toi me te mahi whaihua, te ariā me te mooni, me te wā kua whakaritea.
I kī a Lou Czerny, te tumuaki tuarua o te miihini me te kaiwhakahaere kaupapa o MTH, he hiahia nui tōna ki te ahurei o te kaupapa. "Ki tā mātou e mōhio ana, kei te tupu ngā mea i runga i tēnei kaupapa kāore anō kia mahia i mua, kāore anō hoki kia whakaarohia i mua," te kī a Cerny.
Engari ko te mahi i tētahi mahi hou o tōna momo me whai pūkenga ngāwari i te papaanga hei whakatau i ngā raruraru ohorere me te whakautu i ngā pātai e ara ake ana i te huarahi:
Me pēhea te tāpiri i ngā panera maitai kore waikura 128 te rahi, rite ki te rahi o te motuka, ki tētahi hanganga pumau me te mau karapu tamariki? Me pēhea te whakarewa i tētahi pīni nui āhua-piko me te kore e whakawhirinaki ki a ia? Me pēhea taku uru ki tētahi whakarewa me te kore e taea te whakarewa mai i roto? Me pēhea te whakatutuki i te whakaotinga whakaata tino pai o ngā whakarewa maitai kore waikura i te mara? Ka aha mēnā ka pā te uira ki a ia?
I kī a Czerny ko te tohu tuatahi he kaupapa tino uaua tēnei ko te tīmatanga o te hanganga me te tāutanga o ngā taputapu 30,000-pauna. He hanganga rino hei tautoko i te whakairo.
Ahakoa he ngāwari te hanga i te maitai hanganga konutea-nui i whakaratohia e PSI hei huihui i te turanga o te hanganga raro, ko te papa mō te hanganga raro i haurua i runga ake i te wharekai, ko te haurua i runga ake i te papa waka, he rerekē te teitei o ia papa.
"Nō reira, he ahua piko, he wiri te turanga," te kī a Czerny. "I te wāhi i whakatakotoria ai e mātou he nui o tēnei rino, tae atu ki te tīmatanga o te pereti tonu, me pana e mātou te kerēni ki roto i tētahi kōhao e 5 putu te whānui."
I kī a Czerny i whakamahia e rātou tētahi pūnaha punga tino matatau, tae atu ki tētahi pūnaha whakapūmau-mua miihini e rite ana ki te mea e whakamahia ana i roto i te keri waro me ētahi punga matū. Kia mau te turanga o te hanganga maitai ki te raima, me hanga he hanganga o runga hei whakapiri atu i te anga.
"I tīmata mātou ki te tāuta i te pūnaha anga ma te whakamahi i ngā mowhiti-O nui e rua i hangaia mai i te maitai kore waikura 304—kotahi kei te pito raki o te hanganga, ko tētahi kei te pito tonga," te kī a Czerny (tirohia te Pikitia 3). Ka herea ngā mowhiti ki ngā anga ngongo e whakawhitiwhiti ana. Ka tapahia te anga raro o te anga mowhiti, ka whakapurua ki te wāhi tika ma te whakamahi i te GMAW, te whakarewa pae me ngā whakakaha whakarewa.
"Nō reira, he hanganga nui kei runga kāore anō kia kitea e tetahi; he mea hanga mō te anga hanganga anake," te kī a Czerny.
Ahakoa ngā mahi tino pai ki te hoahoa, ki te miihini, ki te hanga me te tāuta i ngā wāhanga katoa e tika ana mō te kaupapa o Tāmaki Makaurau, he mea hou tēnei whakairo, ā, he maha tonu ngā ara hou e haere tahi ana me ngā karawarawa me ngā pakarukaru. Waihoki, ko te whakataurite i te ariā hangahanga o tētahi kamupene ki tētahi atu ehara i te mea ngāwari pērā i te tuku i te tokotoko. Hei tāpiri, nā te tawhiti ā-tinana i waenga i ngā papa i roa ai te tuku, ā, he mea tika kia hangaia ētahi mahi ā-rohe.
"Ahakoa i whakamaheretia ngā tukanga huihuinga me te whakarewa i Tāmaki Makaurau i mua i te wā, i hiahiatia kia auaha te katoa i ngā āhuatanga o te papaanga," te kī a Silva. "Ā, he tino rawe ngā kaimahi o te uniana."
Mō ngā marama tuatahi, ko te mahi o ia rā a MTH he whakatau i ngā mahi o te rā, me pēhea te hanga i ētahi o ngā wāhanga huihuinga o te anga iti, tae atu ki ētahi pou, "ngā ru", ngā ringaringa, ngā pine, me ngā pine. I kī a Er me whakamahi ngā rākau pogo hei hanga i tētahi pūnaha taha rangitahi.
"He tukanga hoahoa me te whakaputa tonu tēnei hei whakahaere i ngā mea kia tere ai te haere me te tae atu ki te mara. He nui te wā e pau ana ki te whakarite i ngā mea kei a mātou, i ētahi wā ki te hanga anō me te hanga anō, kātahi ka hanga i ngā wāhanga e hiahiatia ana e mātou."
"I te Tūrei, e tekau ngā mea me tuku atu ki te wāhi i te Wenerei," te kī a Hill. "He nui ā mātou mahi tāpiri, ā, he nui hoki ngā mahi i roto i te toa e oti ana i waenganui pō."
"Tata ki te 75 ōrau o ngā wāhanga whakatārewatanga o te papa taha ka hangaia, ka whakarerekētia rānei i te mara," te kī a Czerny. "I ētahi wā i whakakīia e mātou he utu mō te rā 24-hāora. I noho ahau i te toa tae noa ki te 2, 3 i te ata, ā, i te 5:30 ka hoki ahau ki te kāinga ki te kaukau me te tiki i ngā kai, kei te mākū tonu."
Ko te pūnaha whakatārewatanga rangitahi MTN mō te whakakotahi i te anga he mea hanga ki ngā puna, ngā pou me ngā taura. Ko ngā hononga katoa i waenga i ngā pereti ka herea rangitahi ki ngā pūtu. "Nō reira, ka honoa te hanganga katoa mā te miihini, ka iri mai i roto i runga i ngā pou 304," te kī a Czerny.
Ka tīmata rātou mai i te tuanui kei te pūtake o te whakairo omgala – "te pito o te pito". I whakairihia te tuanui mai i ngā taura mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha tautoko puna whakairi e whā ngā pito, he mea hanga mai i ngā whakairi, ngā taura me ngā puna. I kī a Czerny ka "pekepeke" te puna i te mea ka tāpirihia atu ētahi atu papa. Kātahi ka whakatikatikaina ngā puna i runga i te taumaha i tāpirihia e ia pereti hei taurite i te whakairo katoa.
He pūnaha tautoko puna whakatārewatanga whā-ira tō ia papa 168, nō reira ka tautokona takitahitia. "Ko te whakaaro kia kaua e arotakehia rawatia ngā hononga nā te mea kua honoa aua hononga kia tutuki ai he whati 0/0," te kī a Cerny. "Mēnā ka pā te papa ki te papa i raro, ka taea te piko me ētahi atu raruraru."
Hei tohu i te tika o te PSI, he tino pai te hanganga me te iti o te mahi. "He mahi tino pai a PSI ki ngā panera," te kī a Czerny. "E mihi ana ahau ki a rātou nā te mea, i te mutunga, he tino pai te taunga. He tino pai te taunga, ā, he tino pai ki ahau. Kei te kōrero tātou mō ngā haumano o te inihi."
"Ina oti te huihui, he tokomaha e whakaaro ana kua oti," te kī a Silva, ehara i te mea he piri noa ngā hononga, engari nā te mea i uru mai ngā wāhanga kua huihui katoatia, me ā rātou pereti whakaata kua orohia rawatia, e whakaata ana i tōna taiao. Engari e kitea ana ngā hononga o te papa, kāore he hononga o te konukōre wai. Hei tāpiri, me whakapiri katoa te whakairo kia mau tonu tōna hanganga mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai, te kī a Silva.
I whakaroahia te otinga o te Keti Kapua i te whakatuwheratanga nui o te pāka i te ngahuru o te tau 2004, nō reira ka noho ko omhalus hei GTAW ora, ā, i mau tonu tēnei mō ētahi marama.
"Ka kitea ngā ira parauri iti huri noa i te hanganga, he hononga honohono TIG ēnei," te kī a Czerny. "I tīmata mātou ki te whakaora i ngā tēneti i te marama o Hānuere."
"Ko te wero whakaputa nui e whai ake nei mō tēnei kaupapa ko te whakarewa i te tuitui me te kore e ngaro te tika o te āhua nā te whakahekenga o te whakarewa," te kī a Silva.
E ai ki a Czerny, mā te whakarewa plasma ka puta te kaha me te pakari e tika ana, me te iti rawa o te mōrearea ki te pepa. Ko te ranunga o te 98% argon me te 2% helium te mea pai rawa atu hei whakaiti i te parahanga me te whakapai ake i te hanumitanga.
Ka whakamahia e ngā kaiwhakarewa ngā tikanga whakarewa plasma kōhao kī mā te whakamahi i ngā pūtake hiko Thermal Arc® me ngā huihuinga tarakihana me ngā rama motuhake i hoahoatia, i whakamahia hoki e PSI.