Iyo ikoze mu cyuma gikomeza gukora, igitutu cy’icyuma gifata ahantu hatari ikintu, imiterere y’igitutu, n’ibikoresho fatizo byose bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo kubona ibisubizo bihoraho byo kunanura imiterere y’icyuma nta minkanyari.
Q: Turimo gushushanya ibikombe mu cyuma cya 304 cy’ubugari. Ku gice cya mbere cy’icyuma cyacu gikomeza, dushushanya kugeza kuri santimetero 0.75 z’ubujyakuzimu. Iyo ndebye ubugari bw’umuzenguruko w’urukuta rw’aho hantu hadakoreshejwe, itandukaniro hagati y’uruhande n’uruhande rishobora kuba rirerire nka santimetero 0.003. Buri gikubitwa kiratandukanye kandi ntikigaragara ahantu hamwe. Bambwiye ko bifitanye isano no gutunganya ibikoresho fatizo, wenda ku nkombe y’inyuma y’uruziga rw’ingenzi. Ni gute twabona igikombe gifite ishusho ihamye tudapfunyaguritse?
A: Ndabona ikibazo cyawe gitera ibibazo bibiri: icya mbere, impinduka ubona mu nzira ya tombola, icya kabiri, ibikoresho fatizo n'ibipimo byabyo.
Ikibazo cya mbere kivuga ku makosa y’ibanze mu gushushanya ibikoresho, reka turebere hamwe iby’ibanze. Guhindagurika kw’iminkanyari n’ubugari nyuma yo gushushanya ku bikombe bigaragaza ko nta bikoresho bihagije biri mu gice cyawe cyo gushushanya. Tutabonye igishushanyo cyawe, natekereza ko imirasire yawe yo gushushanya n’imirongo n’imyanya yabyo byujuje ibipimo byose bisanzwe by’igishushanyo.
Mu gushushanya byimbitse, ubusa bufatwa hagati y’icyuma gishushanya n’icyuma gifata ubusa, mu gihe igipfundikizo gikurura ibikoresho mu cyuma gishushanya, kikabikurura ku gice cyo gukurura kugira ngo bikore igikonoshwa. Hariho ukugongana gukomeye hagati y’icyuma n’icyuma gifata ubusa. Muri iki gikorwa, ibikoresho bikandamizwa ku ruhande, ari na yo mpamvu ituma icyuma gifata ubusa kigenda gihindagurika kandi kigakomeza kurekura imirasire y’urumuri ku bijyanye n’urujya n’uruza rw’ibikoresho. Niba igitutu cyo gufata kiri hejuru cyane, ibikoresho bizameneka bitewe n’uko icyuma gifata. Niba kiri hasi cyane, hazavuka iminkanyari.
Hari umupaka uri hagati y'umurambararo w'igikonoshwa n'umurambararo w'ubusa udashobora kurengwa kugira ngo igikorwa cyo gushushanya kigende neza. Uyu mupaka uratandukana bitewe n'ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho. Itegeko rusange ni 55% kugeza kuri 60% ku gushushanya bwa mbere na 20% kuri buri gushushanya gukurikiraho. Ishusho ya 1 ni formula isanzwe yo kubara igitutu cy'icyuma gikoreshwa mu gukurura (Njyewe nongeraho nibura 30% by'imbaraga z'inyongera nk'ikintu cy'umutekano, gishobora kugabanuka bibaye ngombwa, ariko biragoye kongera nyuma y'uko igishushanyo kirangiye).
Igitutu cy'icyuma gifunga ibintu ni 2.5 N/mm2 ku byuma, 2.0 kugeza 2.4 N/mm2 ku byuma bivanze n'umuringa na 1.2 kugeza 1.5 N/mm2 ku byuma bivanze n'umuringa.
Ihindagurika ry'ubugari bw'urushundura rigaragaza kandi ko igishushanyo mbonera cy'igikoresho cyawe kidakomeye bihagije. Inkweto zawe zigomba kuba zifite ubunini buhagije kugira ngo zishobore kwihanganira gukururwa zidapfundika. Inkweto iri munsi y'inkweto zipfundika igomba kuba ari icyuma gikomeye, kandi udupira tw'icyuma tugomba kuba tunini bihagije kugira ngo wirinde ko igice cyo hejuru n'icyo hasi cyazinjira mu ruhande rw'icyuma mu gihe cyo kurambura.
Reba amakuru yawe. Niba amabwiriza y'imashini ashaje kandi adakora neza, ntacyo bitwaye niba igikoresho cyawe gikomeye - ntabwo uzabigeraho. Reba agace k'imashini kugira ngo urebe neza ko uburebure bwose bw'imashini ari ukuri kandi ko ari kare. Genzura ko amavuta yo gushushanya yawe yayunguruwe neza kandi abungabunzwe neza, kandi ko ingano y'igikoresho n'aho amazi aherereye bihamye. Suzuma neza ibikoresho byose byo gucapa kugira ngo urebe neza ko ubuso burangiye neza, ko ariho irangi rikwiye kandi ko bingana neza. Kandi witondere cyane imirasire y'imashini; imiterere yabyo n'irangira ryabyo bigomba kuba bitunganye.
Nanone, nubwo abakiriya bakunda kubona 304L na 304 isanzwe nk'aho ishobora guhindurwa, 304L ni yo mahitamo meza yo gushushanya. L isobanura karubone nkeya, iha 304L imbaraga zo gutanga umusaruro zingana na 0.2% bya 35 KSI na 304 bya 0.2% bya 42 KSI. Hamwe n'igabanuka rya 16% ry'imbaraga zo gutanga umusaruro, 304L isaba imbaraga nke kugira ngo itanga umusaruro mugihe cyo gukora no gushyiraho ishusho yakozwe. Biroroshye cyane kuyikoresha.
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STAMPING Journal ni cyo kinyamakuru cyonyine cy’inganda cyihaye intego yo guhaza ibyifuzo by’isoko ry’ibikoresho byo gusiga ibishushanyo by’ibyuma. Kuva mu 1989, iki kinyamakuru cyagiye kivuga ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ibigezweho mu nganda, uburyo bwiza bwo gukora n’amakuru kugira ngo gifashe abanyamwuga mu gusiga ibishushanyo gukora ubucuruzi bwabo neza.
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