I ke kūkulu ʻana i loko o kahi make holomua, ke kaomi o ka mea paʻa hakahaka, nā kūlana kaomi, a me nā mea maka e hoʻopilikia i ka hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena kīkoʻo mau me ka ʻole o ka wrinkling.
Q: Ke kahakiʻi nei mākou i nā kīʻaha mai ke kila kila 304. Ma ke kū mua o kā mākou make holomua, kahakiʻi mākou i kahi hohonu o 0.75 ʻīniha. Ke nānā au i ka mānoanoa o ka palena flange o ka blank, hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ka ʻokoʻa mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a i kēia ʻaoʻao i ka 0.003 ʻīniha. He ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia hahau a ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ma kahi like. Ua haʻi ʻia mai iaʻu he mea ia e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā mea maka, ʻo ia paha ka lihi waho loa o ka wili nui. Pehea e hiki ai iā mākou ke loaʻa i kahi kīʻaha i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻole o ka wrinkling?
A: Ke ʻike nei au i kāu nīnau e hāpai ana i ʻelua mau nīnau: ʻo ka mua, nā loli āu e loaʻa ai i ke kaʻina hana lotiri, a ʻo ka lua, nā mea maka a me kā lākou mau kikoʻī.
ʻO ka nīnau mua e pili ana i nā hemahema hoʻolālā mea hana koʻikoʻi, no laila e nānā hou kākou i nā kumu. ʻO ka wrinkling intermittent a me nā loli mānoanoa ma hope o ke kaha kiʻi ʻana ma nā flanges kīʻaha e hōʻike ana i ka lawa ʻole o nā blanks mea hana i kāu kahua kaha kiʻi make holomua. Me ka ʻike ʻole ʻana i kāu hoʻolālā make, pono wau e manaʻo e hoʻokō kāu punch draw a me nā radii make a me kā lākou mau hakahaka i nā palena hoʻolālā maʻamau āpau.
I ke kaha kiʻi hohonu, ua paʻa ka hakahaka ma waena o ka make kaha kiʻi a me ka mea paʻa hakahaka, ʻoiai ke kaha kiʻi e huki i ka mea i loko o ka make kaha kiʻi, e huki ana a puni ka radius huki e hana i ka pūpū. Nui ka friction ma waena o ka make a me ka mea paʻa hakahaka. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mea ma ka ʻaoʻao, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka wrinkling a me ka radial elongation o ka mea paʻa hakahaka e kūʻē i ke kahe o ka mea. Inā kiʻekiʻe loa ke kaomi paʻa, e haki ka mea ma lalo o ka huki ʻana o ka punch stretch. Inā haʻahaʻa loa, e hana ʻia ka wrinkling.
Aia kahi palena ma waena o ke anawaena o ka pūpū a me ke anawaena hakahaka ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua no kahi hana kaha kiʻi holomua. ʻOkoʻa kēia palena ma muli o ka pakeneka elongation o ka mea. ʻO ke kānāwai maʻamau he 55% a 60% no ke kaha mua a me 20% no kēlā me kēia kaha ma hope. ʻO ke Kiʻi 1 kahi ʻano maʻamau no ka helu ʻana i ke kaomi paʻa hakahaka e pono ai no ke kīkoʻo ʻana (Hoʻohui mau wau i ka liʻiliʻi he 30% o ka ikaika hou ma ke ʻano he kumu palekana, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia inā pono, akā paʻakikī ke hoʻonui ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻolālā).
ʻO ke kaomi o ka mea paʻa hakahaka p he 2.5 N/mm2 no ke kila, 2.0 a 2.4 N/mm2 no nā mea hao keleawe a me 1.2 a 1.5 N/mm2 no nā mea hao alumini.
Hōʻike pū nā ʻano like ʻole o ka mānoanoa o ka flange ʻaʻole i lawa ka ikaika o kāu hoʻolālā mea hana. Pono kou mau kāmaʻa hoʻoheheʻe e lawa ka mānoanoa e kū i ka huki me ka ʻole o ka buckling. Pono ke kākoʻo ma lalo o ke kāmaʻa make i ke kila paʻa, a pono e lawa ka nui o nā pine alakaʻi make e pale aku i kekahi neʻe ʻaoʻao o ka make luna a me lalo i ka wā e kīkoʻo ana.
E nānā pū i kāu nūhou. Inā ua ʻaʻahu ʻia a palaka nā alakaʻi kaomi, ʻaʻohe mea nui inā ikaika kāu mea hana - ʻaʻole ʻoe e holomua. E nānā i ka paheʻe kaomi e hōʻoia i ka lōʻihi piha o ka hahau ʻana o ka mīkini paʻi he ʻoiaʻiʻo a kūlike. E hōʻoia i ka kānana maikaʻi ʻia a mālama ʻia kāu lubricant kaha kiʻi, a ua paʻa ka nui o ka noi mea hana a me ke kūlana nozzle. E nānā pono i nā mea hana paʻi a pau e hōʻoia i ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili, ka uhi ʻana a me ka symmetry. A e hoʻolohe pono i ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i nā radii; pono e kūpono ko lākou geometry a me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili.
Eia kekahi, ʻoiai ke nānā nei nā mea kūʻai aku i ka 304L a me ke kūlana 304 ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻololi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka 304L no ke kaha kiʻi ʻana. ʻO L ke kū nei no ke kalapona haʻahaʻa, e hāʻawi ana iā 304L i ka ikaika hua o 0.2% o 35 KSI a me 304 o 0.2% o 42 KSI. Me ka hōʻemi ʻana o 16% i ka ikaika hua, pono ka 304L i ka ikaika liʻiliʻi e hua ai i ka wā e hana ai a hoʻonohonoho i ke ʻano i hana ʻia. He maʻalahi wale nō ka hoʻohana ʻana.
Are shop stamping or tool and die issues confusing you?If so, please send your questions to kateb@thefabricator.com and have them answered by Thomas Vacca, Director of Engineering at Micro Co.
ʻO STAMPING Journal wale nō ka puke pai ʻoihana i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka lawelawe ʻana i nā pono o ka mākeke sila metala. Mai ka makahiki 1989, ua uhi ka puke pai i nā ʻenehana holomua, nā ʻano ʻoihana, nā hana maikaʻi loa a me nā nūhou e kōkua i nā poʻe loea sila e holo i kā lākou ʻoihana me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
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