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Kua piki ake te maha o ngā pokanga arthroscopic i roto i ngā tekau tau e rua kua pahure ake nei, ā, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā pūnaha heu arthroscopic hei taputapu orthopedic. Heoi, ko te nuinga o ngā heu kāore i te koi rawa, kāore i te ngāwari ki te mau, me ērā atu mea. Ko te kaupapa o tēnei tuhinga he tirotiro i ngā āhuatanga hanganga o te mata hou he rua-ngoi o te heu arthroscopic BJKMC (Bojin◊ Kinetic Medical). Ka whakaratohia he tirohanga whānui mō te hoahoa hua me te tukanga whakamana. Ko te heu arthroscopic BJKMC he hoahoa ngongo-i-roto-ngoi, he mea hanga mai i te ringaringa o waho he kowiri tira me te ngongo o roto tuwhera hurihuri. He rite ngā putanga momi me te tapahi o te anga o waho me te anga o roto, ā, he kohao kei runga i ngā anga o roto me waho. Hei whakamana i te hoahoa, i whakaritea ki te whakaurunga Dyonics◊ Incisor◊ Plus. I tirohia, i whakaritea hoki te āhua, te pakeke o te taputapu, te taratara o te ngongo whakarewa, te matotoru o te pakitara taputapu, te kōtaha niho, te koki, te hanganga whānui, ngā inenga nui, me ērā atu mea. I tirohia, i whakaritea hoki te mata mahi me te pito pakeke ake, angiangi ake. Nō reira, ka taea e ngā hua BJKMC te mahi pai i roto i te pokanga.
Ko te hononga i roto i te tinana tangata he momo hononga ā-kore i waenga i ngā wheua. He hanganga uaua, pumau hoki e whai wāhi nui ana ki tō tātou oranga o ia rā. Ka whakarerekē ētahi mate i te tohatoha taumaha i roto i te hononga, ka hua ake he herenga mahi me te ngaronga o te mahi1. He uaua te rongoā tika i te pokanga orthopedic tuku iho me te iti o te whakaekenga, ā, he roa te wā whakaora i muri i te maimoatanga. Ko te pokanga arthroscopic he tikanga iti te whakaekenga e hiahia ana ki te tapahi iti noa iho, he iti ake te whara me te mātā, he tere ake te wā whakaora, ā, he iti ake ngā raruraru. I te whanaketanga o ngā taputapu hauora, kua noho haere ngā tikanga pokanga iti te whakaekenga hei tikanga noa mō te tātaritanga me te maimoatanga orthopedic. I muri tata mai i te pokanga turi arthroscopic tuatahi, i whakaaetia mana hei tikanga pokanga e Kenji Takagi rāua ko Masaki Watanabe i Hapani2,3. Ko te Arthroscopy me te endoprosthetics e rua o ngā whanaketanga tino nui i roto i te orthopedic4. I ēnei rā, e whakamahia ana te pokanga arthroscopic iti rawa te whakaekenga hei rongoā i ngā momo mate me ngā whara, tae atu ki te osteoarthritis, ngā whara meniscal, ngā whara o te ligament cruciate o mua me muri, te synovitis, ngā whati hononga-roto, te patellar subluxation, te cartilage me ngā whara tinana wewete.
Kua piki ake te maha o ngā pokanga arthroscopic i roto i ngā tekau tau e rua kua pahure ake nei, ā, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā pūnaha heu arthroscopic hei taputapu orthopedic. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā kōwhiringa e wātea ana ki ngā taote pokanga, tae atu ki te hanga anō i te hononga cruciate, te whakatika meniscus, te tāpiri osteochondral, te arthroscopy hope, me te arthroscopy hononga facet, i runga i te hiahia o te taote pokanga1. I te whānui haere o ngā tikanga pokanga arthroscopic ki ētahi atu hononga, ka taea e ngā tākuta te tirotiro i ngā hononga synovial me te rongoā pokanga i ngā tūroro i ngā huarahi kāore i whakaarohia i mua. I taua wā anō, i whakawhanakehia ētahi atu taputapu. Ko te nuinga o te wā he wae whakahaere, he ringaringa me te motuka kaha me te taputapu tapahi. Ka taea e te taputapu wetewete te momi me te tango i te kiri i te wā kotahi me te haere tonu6.
Nā te uaua o te pokanga arthroscopic, he maha ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana. Ko ngā taputapu pokanga matua e whakamahia ana i roto i te pokanga arthroscopic ko ngā arthroscope, ngā kutikuti probe, ngā punch, ngā forcep, ngā maripi arthroscopic, ngā mata me ngā heu meniscus, ngā taputapu hiko, ngā laser, ngā taputapu auau reo irirangi me ētahi atu taputapu 7.
He taputapu nui te heu i roto i te pokanga. E rua ngā mātāpono matua o te pliers pokanga arthroscopic. Ko te tuatahi ko te tango i ngā toenga o te kiriuhi kua pakaru, tae atu ki ngā tinana wetekina me te kiriuhi hononga e rere ana, mā te momi me te horoi i te hononga ki te tote nui hei tango i ngā whara o roto i te hononga me ngā takawaenga mumura. Ko tētahi atu ko te tango i te kiriuhi hononga kua wehea mai i te wheua subchondral me te whakatika i te hapa kiriuhi kua pakaru. Ka tangohia te meniscus pakaru, ā, ka hangaia he meniscus kua pakaru, kua pakaru. Ka whakamahia hoki ngā heu hei tango i ētahi, i te katoa rānei o te kiko synovial mumura, pērā i te hyperplasia me te matotoru1.
Ko te nuinga o ngā maripi iti-whakaeke he wāhanga tapahi me te cannula o waho tuwhera me te ngongo o roto tuwhera. He onge te 8 o ngā niho niho-niho hei mata tapahi. He rerekē ngā taumata o te mana tapahi o ngā pito mata ki te heu. E toru ngā wāhanga o ngā niho heu arthroscopic tuku iho (Pikitia 1): (a) ngā ngongo o roto me waho maeneene; (b) ngā ngongo o waho maeneene me ngā ngongo o roto niho-niho; (c) ngā ngongo o roto me waho niho-niho (tērā pea he mata heu)). 9. Ka piki ake tō rātou koi ki ngā kiko ngohengohe. He pai ake te kaha tihi toharite me te pai o te tapahi o te kani o te whakatakotoranga kotahi i te pae papatahi 10.
Heoi, he maha ngā raruraru o ngā heu arthroscopic e wātea ana i nāianei. Tuatahi, kāore i te koi te mata, ā, he ngāwari ki te ārai i te wā e tapahia ana te kiko ngohengohe. Tuarua, ka taea anake e te heu te tapahi i roto i te kiko synovial ngohengohe—me whakamahi te tākuta i te maripi hei whakakanapa i te wheua. Nō reira, me whakawhiti pinepine ngā mata i te wā e whakamahia ana, ka roa ake te wā e whakamahia ana. He raruraru noa anō hoki te kino o te tapahi me te mau o te heu. Ko te miihini tika me te whakahaere tika i hanga i tētahi taupū aromatawai kotahi.
Ko te raruraru tuatahi, kāore i te tino maeneene te mata o te heu nā te nui rawa o te āputa i waenganui i ngā mata o roto me waho. Ko te otinga mō te raruraru tuarua ko te whakanui ake i te koki o te mata heu me te whakanui ake i te kaha o te rauemi hanga.
Ka taea e te heu hou BJKMC arthroscopic me te mata niho rua te whakaoti i ngā raruraru o ngā mata tapahi pūngoi, te ngāwari o te aukati me te tere o te mau o ngā taputapu. Hei whakamātautau i te whai huatanga o te hoahoa heu hou BJKMC, i whakaritea ki te hoa o Dyonics◊, te Incisor◊ Plus Blade.
He hoahoa ngongo-i-roto-ipu te heu arthroscopic hou, tae atu ki te ringaringa o waho he kowiri tira me te ngongo o roto tuwhera e hurihuri ana me ngā putanga momi me te tapahi e rite ana i te ringaringa o waho me te ngongo o roto. He kōhao ngā anga o roto me waho. I te wā e whakahaerehia ana, ka meinga e te pūnaha hiko te ngongo o roto kia huri, ā, ka ngau te ngongo o waho ki ngā niho, ka taunekeneke ki te tapahi. Ka tangohia te tapahi kiko kua oti me ngā tinana wewete mai i te hononga mā roto i te ngongo o roto tuwhera. Hei whakapai ake i te mahi tapahi me te whai huatanga, i whiriwhiria he hanganga niho kōpiko. Ka whakamahia te whakarewa laser mō ngā wāhanga hiato. Kei te whakaatuhia te hanganga o te pane heu niho rua tikanga i te Pikitia 2.
I roto i te hoahoa whānui, he iti ake te diameter o waho o te pito o mua o te heu arthroscopic i te pito o muri. Kaua te heu e akiakihia ki roto i te wāhi hononga, nā te mea ka horoia te pito me te taha o te matapihi tapahi ka pakaru te mata hononga. Hei tāpiri, me nui te whānui o te matapihi heu. Ko te whānui o te matapihi, ko te pai ake o te whakaritenga o te tapahi me te ngote o te heu, ā, ko te pai ake o te aukati i te aukati o te matapihi.
Matapakihia te pānga o te kōtaha niho ki te kaha tapahi. I hangaia te tauira 3D o te heu mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa SolidWorks (SolidWorks 2016, SolidWorks Corp., Massachusetts, USA). I ​​kawemaihia ngā tauira anga o waho me ngā kōtaha niho rerekē ki roto i te kaupapa huānga mutunga kore (ANSYS Workbench 16.0, ANSYS Inc., USA) mō te tātari whatunga me te ahotea. Kei te Ripanga ngā āhuatanga hangarau (te modulus o te elasticity me te ōwehenga Poisson) o ngā rauemi. 1. Ko te mātotoru whatunga i whakamahia mō ngā kiko ngohengohe he 0.05 mm, ā, i whakatikatikahia e mātou he 11 ngā mata mahere e pā ana ki ngā kiko ngohengohe (Pikitia 3a). He 40,522 ngā pona me te 45,449 ngā whatunga o te tauira katoa. I roto i ngā tautuhinga āhuatanga rohe, ka herea katoatia e mātou ngā nekehanga herekore e 6 i hoatu ki ngā taha e 4 o ngā kiko ngohengohe, ā, ka hurihia te mata heu 20° huri noa i te tuaka-x (Pikitia 3b).
I whakaatuhia i roto i te tātaritanga o ngā tauira heu e toru (Pikitia 4) ko te pūwāhi o te ahotea nui ka puta i te huringa ohorere o te hanganga, he mea e rite ana ki ngā āhuatanga miihini. He taputapu whakakorekore te heu4 ā, he iti noa te mōrearea o te whati o te mata i te whakamahinga kotahi. Nō reira, ko te arotahi matua ko tōna kaha tapahi. Ko te ahotea ōrite mōrahi e pā ana ki te kiko ngohengohe ka whakaata pea i tēnei āhuatanga. I raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi ōrite, ina nui rawa te ahotea ōrite mōrahi, ka whakaarohia tuatahitia ko ōna āhuatanga tapahi te mea pai rawa atu. Mō te ahotea kiko ngohengohe, ko te heu kōtaha niho 60° i whakaputa i te ahotea kutikuti kiko ngohengohe mōrahi (39.213 MPa).
Ka tohatoha te ahotea o te heu me te kiko ngohengohe ina tapahia ngā kiko ngohengohe e ngā pūeru heu me ngā kōtaha niho rerekē: (a) kōtaha niho 50°, (b) kōtaha niho 60°, (c) kōtaha niho 70°.
Hei whakamārama i te hoahoa o te mata BJKMC hou, i whakaritea ki tētahi mata Dyonics◊ Incisor◊ Plus ōrite (Pikitia 5) he rite tonu te mahi. E toru ngā momo ōrite o ia hua i whakamahia i roto i ngā whakamātautau katoa. He hou, kāore hoki i pakaru ngā heu katoa kua whakamahia.
Ko ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te mahi a te heu ko te pakeke me te matotoru o te mata, te taratara o te ngongo whakarewa, me te āhua me te koki o te niho. Hei ine i ngā āhua me ngā koki o ngā niho, i whiriwhiria he pūwhakaata āhua me te taumira o te 0.001 mm (Starrett 400 series, Fig. 6). I roto i ngā whakamātautau, i whakatakotoria ngā pane heu ki runga i te tēpu mahi. Inehia te āhua me te koki o te niho e pā ana ki ngā whiti i runga i te mata whakaata, ā, whakamahia he maikoromita hei rerekētanga i waenga i ngā rārangi e rua hei whakatau i te ine. Ka whiwhihia te rahi tūturu o te āhua o te niho mā te wehewehe i te whakanui o te whāinga i whiriwhiria. Hei ine i te koki o te niho, whakarārangihia ngā pūwāhi pumau i ia taha o te koki i inehia ki te whakawhiti rārangi-iti i runga i te mata kua oti te whakatō, ā, whakamahia ngā tohu koki i roto i te ripanga hei tango pānui.
Mā te whakahoki i tēnei whakamātautau, i inehia ngā ine matua o te roa mahi (ngā ngongo o roto me o waho), ngā diameter o mua me muri o waho, te roa me te whānui o te matapihi, me te teitei o te niho.
Tirohia te taratara o te mata mā te whakamahi i te pinpointer. Ka nekehia te pito o te taputapu ki runga ake i te tauira, kia poutū ki te ahunga o te kakano kua tukatukahia. Ko te taratara toharite Ra ka riro mai i te taputapu. Kei te pikitia 7 e whakaatu ana i tētahi taputapu me te ngira (Mitutoyo SJ-310).
Ka inehia te pakeke o ngā mata heu e ai ki te whakamātautau pakeke Vickers ISO 6507-1:20055. Ka pēhia te kōhao taimana ki roto i te mata o te tauira mō tētahi wā kua whakaritea i raro i tētahi kaha whakamātautau. Kātahi ka inehia te roa hauroki o te kōhao i muri i te tangohanga o te kōhao. He rite te pakeke o Vickers ki te ōwehenga o te kaha whakamātautau ki te horahanga mata o te tānga.
Ka inehia te matotoru o te pakitara o te pane heu mā te whakauru i tētahi pane pōro porotaka me te tika o te 0.01 mm me te whānuitanga ine tata ki te 0-200 mm. Ko te matotoru o te pakitara ka tautuhia ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te diameter o waho me te diameter o roto o te taputapu. Kei te whakaatuhia te tukanga whakamātautau mō te ine i te matotoru i te Pikitia 8.
I whakaritea te mahi hanganga o te heu BJKMC ki te heu Dyonics◊ o te whakatakotoranga ōrite. Ka inehia, ka whakatauritea ngā raraunga mahi mō ia wāhanga o te hua. I runga i ngā raraunga ā-ahu, ka taea te matapae i ngā kaha tapahi o ngā hua e rua. He tino pai ngā āhuatanga hanganga o ngā hua e rua, me whai tonu he tātaritanga whakatairite o te kawe hiko mai i ngā taha katoa.
E ai ki te whakamātautau koki, kei te Ripanga 2 me te Ripanga 3 ngā hua. Kāore i rerekē te toharite me te paerewa rerekētanga o ngā raraunga koki kōtaha mō ngā hua e rua.
Kei te Pikitia 9 te whakataurite i ētahi o ngā tawhā matua o ngā hua e rua. Mō te whānui me te roa o ngā ngongo o roto, o waho hoki, he roa ake, he whānui ake hoki ngā matapihi ngongo o roto, o waho hoki o Dyonics◊ i ērā o BJKMC. Ko te tikanga he nui ake te wāhi tapahi mō ngā Dyonics◊, ā, he iti ake te tūponotanga ka purua ngā ngongo. Kāore i rerekē ngā hua e rua i roto i ētahi atu āhuatanga.
Ka honoa ngā wāhanga o te heu BJKMC mā te whakarewa laser. Nō reira, kāore he pēhanga o waho ki te whakarewa. Kāore te wāhanga e whakarewahia ana e pāngia e te ahotea wera, e te rerekētanga wera rānei. He whaiti te wāhanga whakarewa, he nui te urunga, he teitei te kaha ā-pūkaha o te wāhanga whakarewa, he kaha te wiri, he teitei te ātete pānga. He tino pono ngā wāhanga whakarewa-laser i roto i te huihuinga14,15.
Ko te taratara o te mata he ine i te kakano o te mata. Ka whakaarohia ngā wāhanga auau-tiketike me ngā wāhanga ngaru-poto o te mata i inehia, e whakatau ana i te taunekeneke i waenga i te mea me tōna taiao. Ko te ringaringa o waho o te maripi o roto me te mata o roto o te ngongo o roto ngā mata mahi matua o te heu. Mā te whakaiti i te taratara o ngā mata e rua ka taea te whakaiti i te kakahu o te heu me te whakapai ake i tana mahi.
I whiwhihia te taratara o te mata o waho, me ngā mata o roto, o waho hoki o te mata o roto o ngā ngongo whakarewa e rua, mā te whakamātautau. Kei te Pikitia 10 ō rātou uara toharite. Ko te mata o roto o te takotoranga o waho me te mata o waho o te maripi o roto ngā mata mahi matua. He iti ake te taratara o te mata o roto o te takotoranga me te mata o waho o te maripi o roto BJKMC i ngā hua Dyonics◊ rite (he rite tonu ngā whakatakotoranga). Ko te tikanga ka taea e ngā hua BJKMC te whai hua pai mō te mahi tapahi.
E ai ki te whakamātautau pakeke o te mata, kei te Pikitia 11 ngā raraunga whakamātautau o ngā rōpū mata heu e rua. Ko te nuinga o ngā heu arthroscopic he mea hanga ki te maitai kore waikura austenitic nā te kaha nui, te pakari me te ngāwari e hiahiatia ana mō ngā mata heu. Heoi, ko ngā pane heu BJKMC he mea hanga ki te maitai kore waikura martensitic 1RK91. He nui ake te kaha me te pakari o ngā maitai kore waikura martensitic i ngā maitai kore waikura austenitic17. Ko ngā huānga matū i roto i ngā hua BJKMC e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga o te S46910 (ASTM-F899 Surgical Instruments) i te wā o te tukanga hanga. Kua whakamatautauria te rauemi mō te paitini pūtau, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā taputapu hauora.
Ka kitea mai i ngā hua o te tātari huānga mutunga kore ko te kukū ahotea o te heu e aro nui ana ki te kōtaha niho. He maitai kore waikura supermartensitic kaha-teitei a IRK91, he pakari teitei, he kaha kume pai hoki i te pāmahana rūma me te pāmahana teitei. Ka taea e te kaha kume i te pāmahana rūma te eke ki te neke atu i te 2000 MPa, ā, ko te uara ahotea mōrahi e ai ki te tātari huānga mutunga kore he tata ki te 130 MPa, he tawhiti rawa atu i te rohe pakaru o te rauemi. E whakapono ana mātou he tino iti te mōrearea o te whati o te mata.
Ka pā tika te matotoru o te mata ki te kaha tapahi o te heu. Ko te angiangi o te matotoru o te pakitara, ko te pai ake o te mahi tapahi. Ka whakaitihia e te heu BJKMC hou te matotoru o te pakitara o ngā pae hurihuri e rua e anga whakarara ana, ā, he angiangi ake te pakitara o te pane i ōna hoa mai i Dyonics◊. Ka taea e ngā maripi angiangi te whakanui ake i te kaha tapahi o te pito.
E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga i te Ripanga 4 he iti ake te matotoru o te pakitara o te heu BJKMC i inehia mā te tikanga ine matotoru o te pakitara hurihanga-pēhanga i tērā o te heu Dyonics◊ o taua whakatakotoranga anō.
E ai ki ngā whakamātautau whakatairite, kāore i kitea he rerekētanga hoahoa mārama o te heu arthroscopic BJKMC hou mai i te tauira Dyonics◊ rite. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā whakaurunga Dyonics◊ Incisor◊ Plus i runga i ngā āhuatanga rauemi, he maeneene ake te mata mahi o ngā whakaurunga niho takirua BJKMC, ā, he mārō ake, he angiangi ake te pito. Nō reira, ka taea e ngā hua BJKMC te mahi pai i roto i te pokanga. I hangaia tēnei rangahau mō te tirohanga whakamua, ā, me whakamātautau i te mahi motuhake i roto i ngā whakamātautau e whai ake nei.
Chen, Z., Wang, C., Jiang, W., Na, T. & Chen, B. He arotake mō ngā taputapu pokanga o te tango i te kiriuhi turi me te pokanga hope katoa. Chen, Z., Wang, C., Jiang, W., Na, T. & Chen, B. He arotake mō ngā taputapu pokanga o te tango i te kiriuhi turi me te pokanga hope katoa.Chen Z, Wang K, Jiang W, Na T, me Chen B. He arotake i ngā taputapu pokanga mō te tango i te kiri turi me te pokanga hope katoa. Chen, Z., Wang, C., Jiang, W., Na, T. & Chen, B. 膝关节镜清创术和全髋关节置换术手术器械综述。 Chen, Z., Wang, C., Jiang, W., Na, T. & Chen, B.Chen Z, Wang K, Jiang W, Na T, me Chen B. He arotake i ngā taputapu pokanga mō te tango i te turi arthroscopic me te whakakapinga hope katoa.Te Whakatūnga o te Hākari. 65, 291–298 (2017).
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Kāore tēnei rangahau i whiwhi pūtea motuhake mai i tētahi tari pūtea i roto i ngā rāngai tūmatanui, arumoni, kore-moni rānei.
Kura o ngā Pūrere Hauora me te Hangarau Kai, Te Whare Wānanga Hangarau o Shanghai, Nama 516, Te Huarahi o Yungong, Shanghai, Te Repupiripia o Haina, 2000 93