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Ukwakheka kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-chlorhexidine hydrochloride nanoemulsion njengomjovo wezimpande othembisayo wokulwa namagciwane: izifundo ze-in vitro kanye ne-ex vivo
作者 Abdelmonem R., Younis MK, Hassan DH, El-Sayed Ahmed MAEG, Hassanien E., El-Batuti K., Elfaham A.
Ukuvuselelwa kuka-Abdelmonem, 1 uMona K. Younis, 1 uDoaa H. Hassan, 1 uMohamed Abd El-Gawad El-Sayed Ahmed, 2 u-Ehab Hassanein, 3 uKariem El-Batuti, 3 u-Alaa Elfaham 31 Isayensi Nobuchwepheshe, I-Faculty of Pharmacy and Industrial Pharmacy, i-Misr University, 6 Okthoba City, eGibhithe; 2 uMnyango We-Microbiology and Immunology, I-Faculty of Pharmacy, i-Misr University of Science and Technology, 6 Okthoba, eGibhithe; 3 uMnyango We-Endodontics, i-Ain Shams University, eCairo, eGibhithe Isingeniso Nenhloso: I-Chlorine hexidine hydrochloride [Chx.HCl] inomsebenzi obanzi wokulwa namagciwane, isenzo eside kanye nobuthi obuphansi, ngakho-ke inconywa njenge-root canal irrigant engaba khona. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukusebenzisa i-nanoemulsion entsha ye-Chx.HCl ukwandisa amandla okungena, ukuhlanza kanye nesenzo sokulwa namagciwane se-Chx.HCl futhi uyisebenzise njenge-root canal irrigant. Izindlela: Ama-nanoemulsion e-Chx.HCl alungiswa kusetshenziswa amafutha amabili ahlukene: i-oleic acid kanye ne-Labrafil M1944CS, ama-surfactants amabili, i-Tween 20 kanye ne-Tween 80, kanye ne-co-surfactant, i-propylene glycol. Hlela umdwebo wesigaba se-pseudo-ternary ukuze ubonise uhlelo olufanele. Amafomula e-nanoemulsion alungisiwe ahlolwe ngokuqukethwe kwemithi, isikhathi se-emulsification, ukuhlakazeka, usayizi wamaconsi, ukukhishwa kwemithi ye-in vitro, ukuzinza kwe-thermodynamic, umsebenzi we-antibacterial we-in vitro, kanye nezifundo ze-in vitro zamafomula akhethiwe. Isenzo sokungena, ukuhlanza kanye ne-antibacterial se-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl engu-0.75% kanye ne-1.6% siqhathaniswe nosayizi wezinhlayiya ojwayelekile njengesithasiselo somsele wezimpande. Imiphumela. Ifomula ekhethiwe yayiyi-F6 ene-2% Labrafil, i-12% Tween 80 kanye ne-6% propylene glycol. Usayizi wezinhlayiya ezincane (12.18 nm), isikhathi esifushane se-emulsification (imizuzwana engu-1.67) kanye nokuncibilika okusheshayo ngemva kwemizuzu emi-2. Kutholakale ukuthi iyisistimu ezinzile ngokwe-thermodynamic/ngokomzimba. Uma kuqhathaniswa nosayizi wezinhlayiya ze-Chx.HCl ojwayelekile, ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl engu-1.6% kubonise ukungena okungcono ngenxa yobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezincane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezijwayelekile zobukhulu bezinhlayiya (2609.56 µm2), i-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl engu-1.6% inendawo encane kakhulu ephakathi nendawo yemfucumfucu eseleyo (2001.47 µm2). Isiphetho: Ukwakheka kwe-Nanoemulsion I-Chx.HCl inekhono lokuhlanza elingcono kanye nesenzo sokulwa namagciwane. Inesenzo esisebenza kahle kakhulu sokubulala amagciwane ngokumelene ne-Enterococcus faecalis, futhi izinga lokufinyela kwamaseli ebhaktheriya liphezulu noma libhujiswe ngokuphelele. Amagama ayisihluthulelo: i-chlorhexidine hydrochloride, i-nanoemulsion, i-root canal irrigant, i-penetration, umphumela wokuhlanza, i-antibacterial irrigant.
Ama-nanoemulsion, uhlobo lwama-emulsion anamaconsi amancane aphakathi kuka-50–500 nm, athole ukunakwa okukhulu eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezihlukile. Izakhiwo ezinhle zokuhlanza, azithintwa ubulukhuni bamanzi, ezimweni eziningi zinobuthi obuphansi kanye nokungabikho kokuxhumana kwe-electrostatic. 2 I-nanotechnology inosayizi wezinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu, isilinganiso esikhulu sobuso kuya kobuningi kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ezihlukile uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo efanayo yobuningi, futhi ivula imibono emisha ekwelapheni nasekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka kwamazinyo. 3 I-Chlorhexidine hydrochloride (Chx.HCl) incibilika kancane emanzini, incibilika kancane kakhulu otshwaleni futhi kancane kancane ingcola ekukhanyeni. 4.5 SH. I-HCl inesenzo esibanzi sokulwa namagciwane, isenzo eside kanye nobuthi obuphansi. Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo, inconywa futhi njengendlela yokunisela imisele yezimpande. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-Chx.HCl ubuthi obuphansi, akukho phunga kanye nokunambitheka okungathandeki. 6-9 Izinhlobo eziningana zama-laser zisetshenziswe ukuthuthukisa ukubulala amagciwane emisele yezimpande. Umphumela wokubulala amagciwane wama-laser uncike kubude be-wavelength kanye namandla, kanye nokuchayeka ekushiseni, okubangela izinguquko odongeni lweseli lebhaktheriya, okuholela ekushintsheni kwe-gradient ye-osmotic kuze kube sekufeni kweseli. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-laser kanye nabaniseli bemisele yezimpande kuvula ama-horizons amasha ekuhlanzeni i-pulp. Amandla e-Ultrasonic akhiqiza amaza aphezulu kodwa ama-amplitude aphansi. Amafayela aklanyelwe ukujikisa kumaza e-ultrasonic angu-25–30 kHz, angaphezu komkhawulo wokuqonda komuntu kokuzwa (>20 kHz). Amafayela aklanyelwe ukujikisa kumaza e-ultrasonic angu-25–30 kHz, angaphezu komkhawulo wokuqonda komuntu kokuzwa (>20 kHz). Файлы предназначены для колебаний на ультразвуковых частотах 25–30 кГц, которые находятся за пределами слухового восприяка Господь. Amafayela aklanyelwe ukudlidliza kumaza e-ultrasonic angu-25-30 kHz, angaphezulu kwebanga lokuzwa komuntu (> 20 kHz).這些文件被设计成在25–30 kHz 的超声波频率下振荡，這超出了人类听觉感知的极限(>20 kHz).I-這些文件被设计成在 25–30 kHz Файлы рассчитаны на колебания на ультразвуковых частотах 25–30 кГц, что выходит за пределы слухового восприятия человека (>). Amafayela aklanyelwe ukudlidliza kumaza e-ultrasonic angu-25-30 kHz, okungaphezu kwemingcele yokuzwa komuntu (>20 kHz).Zisebenza ngokuzulazula okuphambeneyo, zibeka izindlela ezihlukile zamafindo nama-antinode ngobude bazo. Igama elithi “i-passive ultrasonic irrigation” (PUI) liyinqubo yokunisela lapho kungekho zinsimbi noma izindonga ezithinta amafayela noma izinsimbi ze-endodontic. Ngesikhathi se-PUI, amandla e-ultrasound adluliselwa kusuka kufayela elidlidlizayo aye esixazululweni sokunisela emseleni wempande. Lokhu kokugcina kungabangela ukugeleza kwe-sonic kanye ne-cavitation ye-agent yokuhlanzwa. 11 Ngokusekelwe kudatha engenhla, kubhekwa njengokufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-nanotechnology ukuhlola isenzo esithuthukisiwe sokungena nokuhlanza se-Chx.HCl.
I-Chlorhexidine hydrochloride Chx.HCl inikezwe ngomusa yi-Arab Drug Company for Pharmaceuticals (eCairo, eGibhithe). I-Labrafil M 1944 CS (oleoylpolyoxy-6-glyceride) inikezwe ngomusa yi-Gattefosse (Saint Priest, eFrance). I-Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate), i-Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate), i-oleic acid, i-propylene glycol evela eGomhorya Company (eCairo, eGibhithe)). Ukukhishwa kwamazinyo angenawo ama-carious amazinyo angenawo ama-carious okwelashwa kwe-periodontal noma i-orthodontic, uMnyango Wezesayensi Ye-Maxillofacial, i-Faculty of Dentistry, i-Ain Shams University, eCairo, eGibhithe. Isiko elihlanzekile le-Enterococcus faecalis (uhlobo lwe-ATCC 29212) elikhuliswe kumhluzi we-brain heart extract (BHI) (RC CLEANER, IIchung Dental Ltd., eSeoul, eKorea).
Ukuncibilika kwe-Chx.HCl ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene (i-oleic acid, i-Labrafil M 1944CS, i-Tween 20, i-Tween 80, i-propylene glycol, kanye namanzi) kwafundwa. I-Chx.HCl enkulu kakhulu (50 mg) ifakwa epayipini le-centrifuge bese kufakwa u-5.0 g wesigaba esiphakathi. Ingxube yanyakaziswa ku-mixer ye-vortex imizuzu eyi-15 bese igcinwa ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ngemuva kwamahora angama-24, i-pellet yezidakamizwa engancibiliki epayipini yafakwa ku-centrifuge ku-3000 rpm imizuzu emi-5 ukuze kutholakale i-supernatant ecacile. Qoqa isisombululo sesampula esanele bese usixuba nge-n-butanol. Amasampula axubile ahlungiwe ngephepha lokuhlunga le-Whatman 102 bese exubile ngendlela efanele nge-n-butanol ukuze kutholakale ukugcwala kwesidakamizwa esixazululweni esigcwele. Amasampula ahlaziywe nge-UV spectrophotometer ku-260 nm nge-n-butanol njengokulawula. 12.13
Kwakhiwa umdwebo wesigaba esingama-pseudo-triple ukuze kutholakale isilinganiso esiqondile sengxenye ngayinye edingekayo ekwakhiweni ukuze kutholakale amapharamitha afanele e-nanoemulsion efanelekile. 14 Ukwakheka kwaklanywa kusetshenziswa amafutha (okungukuthi i-oleic acid kanye ne-Labrafil M1944CS), ama-surfactants (okungukuthi i-Tween 20 kanye ne-Tween 80) kanye ne-surfactant eyengeziwe, okungukuthi i-propylene glycol. Okokuqala, kwalungiswa izingxube ezihlukene zama-surfactants (ngaphandle kwama-cosurfactants) kanye namafutha ngezilinganiso ezahlukene zamavolumu (kusukela ku-1:9 kuya ku-9:1). Lapho ingxube ifakwa amanzi (engeza amanzi ngokuwa phansi), qapha ngokucophelela ingxube kusukela ekukhanyeni kuya ekuweni njengephuzu lokugcina. Lawa maphuzu okugcina abese emakwa kumdwebo wesigaba esingama-pseudo-triple. Yonke inqubo yaphindwa ngezingxube ze-surfactant kanye ne-surfactant yesibili (i-Smix) ezilungiselelwe ngezilinganiso ezingu-2:1 kanye no-3:1 futhi zixutshwe namafutha akhethiwe angu-15,16.
Izinhlelo ze-Nanoemulsion eziqukethe i-Chx.HCl zalungiswa kusetshenziswa i-Labrafil M 1944 CS njengesigaba samafutha kanye ne-Tween 80 noma 20 surfactant kanye ne-propylene glycol njenge-surfactant eyengeziwe futhi ekugcineni amanzi, Ithebula 1. Umuthi wancibilikiswa ku-Labrafil M 1944 CS futhi amanzi ahlanganisiwe e-surfactant kanye ne-surfactant yesibili anezelwa ngesivinini esisheshayo ngokuxubana kancane kancane. Inani le-surfactant kanye ne-co-surfactant engeziwe, kanye nephesenti lesigaba samafutha elingangezwa, linqunywa kusetshenziswa umdwebo wesigaba esingama-pseudo-ternary. Ijeneretha ye-ultrasonic (i-Ultrasonic LC 60 H, i-Elma, eJalimane) yasetshenziswa ukufeza ububanzi bosayizi obufiselekayo bokusabalalisa ama-granules. Bese uyilinganisela. 17
Ukuhlolwa kokuhlakazeka kwenziwe kusetshenziswa umshini wokuncibilikisa (uDkt. Schleuniger Pharmaton, Model Diss 6000, Thun, Switzerland) lapho i-1 ml yokulungiselela ngakunye yanezelwa ku-500 ml wamanzi ku-37±0.5°C. Ukushukuma okuthambile kuqinisekiswa ngama-paddles ajwayelekile okuncibilikisa insimbi engagqwali ajikelezayo ku-50 rpm. I-emulsion ephumelayo yanqunywa ngokubonakalayo futhi yahlukaniswa njengokucacile, okukhanyayo okunombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okufana nobisi noma okufiphele. Khetha ifomula ecacile yocwaningo olwengeziwe. 18.19
Ukukhishwa kwe-Chx.HCl kusuka ezinhlakeni ze-nanoemulsion ezilungiselelwe ngokusekelwe kumdwebo wesigaba esingama-pseudo-triple kuholela ekukhiqizweni kwe-n-butanol kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic. Ngemva kokuxuba okufanele, izinhlayiya zahlaziywa nge-spectrophotometrically ku-wavelength engu-260 nm ukuze kutholakale okuqukethwe yi-Chx.HCl. 20.
Ukuze kuhlolwe isikhathi sokuzixuba, i-1 ml yokwakheka ngakunye kwenezelwe ebhekheni eligcwele ama-250 ml wamanzi acwengekile futhi kwagcinwa ku-37 ± 1°C ngokuxuba njalo ku-50 rpm. Isikhathi sokuzixuba sithathwa njengesikhathi lapho i-preconcentrate yakha ingxube efanayo ngemva kokuxutshwa. Amashumi amabili nanye
Ukuze kuhlaziywe usayizi wamaconsi, ncibilikisa u-50 mg wefomula elungiselelwe kahle ibe ngu-1000 ml ngamanzi ebhodleleni bese uxuba ngobumnene ngesandla. Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wamaconsi kunqunywe kusetshenziswa ithuluzi le-Malvern Zetasizer 2000 (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK) ngaphansi kwezimo zokuthola i-backscatter ezingu-173º, izinga lokushisa elingu-25ºC, kanye ne-refractive index engu-1.330.22.
Izifundo zokuncibilikisa ngaphakathi kwe-vitro zenziwe kusetshenziswa i-USP Type II apparatus (paddle) (Dr. Schleuniger Pharmaton, Diss Model 6000) ngesivinini esingama-50 rpm. Amanzi acwecwe (500 ml) agcinwe ekushiseni okungama-37±0.5°C asetshenziswa njengendawo yokuncibilikisa, kwathi ama-5 ml enhlanganisela elungisiwe afakwa ngendlela ehlayo endaweni yokuncibilikisa. Kwabe sekuthi, ngezikhathi ezahlukene, kwathathwa ama-5 ml endawo yokuncibilikisa futhi inani lomuthi okhishwe lanqunywa nge-spectrophotometrically kuma-254 nm. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kathathu.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kwalinganiswa amapharamitha e-kinetic okukhululwa kwe-Chx.HCl in vitro kusuka kuma-nanoemulsions alungiselelwe ngesisekelo sawo. Amamodeli e-kinetics e-zero, i-first and second order kanye ne-Higuchi diffusion ahlolwe ukuze kukhethwe ukulandelana kwe-kinetic okufanelekela kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-Chx.HCl.
Ama-2 ml efomula ngayinye agcinwe ekushiseni okujwayelekile amahora angu-48 ngaphambi kokuba kubonwe ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba. Amasampula angu-1 ml efomula ngayinye ye-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion abe esexutshwa abe yi-10 ml kanye ne-100 ml ngamanzi acwecwe ku-25° C. bese egcinwa amahora angu-24. Kwabe sekubhekwa ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba. Amashumi amabili nanye
Ngemuva kwalokho amasampula angu-2 ml womxube ngamunye adluliselwa ngokwehlukana emabhodleleni abonakalayo anesivalo sesikulufo bese egcinwa esiqandisini ku-2°C amahora angama-24. Ngemuva kwalokho asuswa futhi agcinwa ku-25°C kanye no-40°C. Kwenziwa umjikelezo owodwa wokuncibilikisa ukupholisa. Amasampula abe esebhekwa ukuze kuhlukaniswe isigaba kanye nokunisela kwemithi.
Isampula engu-5 ml yefomula ngayinye ye-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion idluliselwe epayipini lengilazi yafakwa ku-centrifuge yelabhorethri (iShanghai Surgical Instrument Factory Microcentrifuge Model 800, eShanghai, eRiphabhulikhi Yabantu baseShayina) yabe isifakwa ku-centrifuge ngo-4000 rpm imizuzu emi-5. Amasampula abe esebhekwa ukuze kuhlukaniswe isigaba kanye nokunisela kwemithi.
Zonke izivivinyo zavunyelwa yiKomidi Lokuziphatha Lezikhungo lase-Ain Shams University, eGibhithe. Kwakhethwa amazinyo omuntu angama-50 angacasuli anezimpande ezilodwa ane-apex eyakhiwe. Amazinyo akhishwe asetshenziswa ngemuva kokuthola imvume ebhaliwe esayinwe yisiguli. Amazinyo afaka phakathi ama-incisors e-maxillary kanye ne-mandibular kanye nama-premolars e-mandibular. Ubuso bangaphandle bezimpande baphathwa nge-curette futhi wonke amazinyo ahlanzwa nge-surface sterilization ku-0.5% NaOCl amahora angama-24 bese egcinwa ku-saline engcolile kuze kube yilapho esetshenziswa. Umqhele wasuswa nge-safe side diamond disc kanti ubude bezinyo balungiswa baba yi-16 mm ukusuka phezulu kuya emaphethelweni e-coronal. 24,25 Ngokusho kwesisombululo sokuhlanza, amazinyo ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu alandelayo:
(A) Amasampula eqembu (n=24) ahlanzwe nge-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl. Amasampula ahlanzwe yiqembu elincane (I) (n=12) ane-5 ml ye-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl engu-0.75%. Iqembu elincane (II) (n=12) lihlanzwe amasampula nge-5 ml ye-1.6% ye-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl. (B) Iqembu (n=24) lamasampula lizohlanzwa nge-5 ml ye-2% ye-Chx.HCl usayizi wezinhlayiya ojwayelekile. Iqembu lokulawula: (n=2) lihlanzwe nge-5 ml ye-saline ngaphandle kokusebenza.
Kwakhethwa amazinyo omuntu angu-44 angacasuli angenawo umdlavuza ane-tip eyakhiwe. Amazinyo ahlanganisa ama-incisors e-maxillary kanye ne-mandibular kanye nama-premolars e-mandibular. Ubuso bangaphandle bezimpande baphathwa nge-curette futhi wonke amazinyo ahlanzwa nge-surface saline ku-0.5% NaOCl amahora angu-24 bese egcinwa ku-sterile saline kuze kube yilapho esetshenziswa. Ama-crown asuswa nge-safety diamond disc kanti ubude bezinyo balungiswa baba ngu-16 mm kusukela phezulu kuya emaphethelweni e-coronal. 24,25,29
Ukulungiswa ngomshini kwefayela eliyinhloko le-apical elingu-50 kusetshenziswa izindlela ezijwayelekile. Sebenzisa i-saline engcolile njengesithako sokunisela ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ekugcineni, umsele wezimpande wahlanzwa nge-2 ml ye-17% EDTA umzuzu owodwa ukuze kususwe ungqimba lwe-smear. Lonke uhlangothi lwempande, okuhlanganisa ne-apical foramen yesampula ngayinye, lwambozwa ngemibala emibili ye-nail polish (i-cyanoacrylate glue) ukuvimbela ukuvuza. Amazinyo abe esebekwa ngokuqondile ku-block ye-tartar ukuze kube lula ukuwaphatha nokuwabona. Amasampula angu-29-33 abe esefakwa nge-autoclave ku-121ºC kanye ne-15 psi imizuzu engu-20. Ngemva kokuhlanza, wonke amasampula athuthwa futhi acutshungulwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlanzekile kusetshenziswa amathuluzi ahlanzekile. Imisele yezimpande yangcoliswa yi-culture emsulwa ye-Enterococcus faecalis (uhlobo lwe-ATCC 29212) ekhuliswe kumhluzi we-brain heart extract (BHI) amahora angu-24 ku-37°C. Usebenzisa i-micropipette engenamagciwane, faka i-E. faecalis inoculum ecacile emiseleni yezimpande elungisiwe yawo wonke amazinyo. Amabhulokhi abe esefakwa kuma-beakers angenamagciwane bese efakwa ku-37°C amahora angama-24. 31, 34, 35
(A) Amasampula eqembu (n=24) ahlanzwe nge-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl. Amasampula eqembu elincane (I) (n=12) ahlanzwe nge-5 ml ye-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl engu-0.75%. Iqembu elincane (II) (n = 12) lihlanzwe amasampula nge-5 ml ye-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl engu-1.6%.
Iqembu lokulawula: ukulawula okuhle, (n=4) umsele wezimpande ongcolile wahlanzwa nge-saline engu-5 ml futhi wagcinwa njengokulawula okuhle. Ukulawula Okubi: (n=4) Izibonelo azizange zifakwe nge-suspension, okungukuthi umsele wezimpande awuzange ungcoliswe yi-E. faecalis, futhi zagcinwa zingenamagciwane njengokulawula okubi ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanza nokuthembeka kwenqubo. Sebenzisa isisombululo sokuhlanza sokuhlola esingu-5 ml kusampula ngayinye. Isampula ngayinye yabe isigezwa okokugcina nge-saline engu-1 ml.
Iphepha eliyi-sterile elingusayizi 35 lisetshenziswa ukuqoqa amasampula avela emiseleni yezimpande. Iphepha eliyi-sterile lifakwe epayipini libe ubude bokusebenza, lashiywa imizuzwana eyi-10, labe selidluliselwa kuma-agar plate ukuze kutholakale inani lamayunithi okwenza ikoloni (CFU) ngepuleti ngalinye. Amapuleti afakwa ku-37ºC amahora angama-24 bese ehlolwa ngokubonakalayo ukuthi akhula kahle yini amabhaktheriya. Ipuleti elibonakalayo libonisa ukuhlanza okuphelele. Amapuleti afiphele abhekwa njengabonisa ukukhula okuhle. Inani elimaphakathi lama-CFU endaweni yokukhula kwamabhaktheriya ngesidlo ngasinye lanqunywa futhi inani lama-CFU labalwa. Abasindile balinganiswa ngokuyinhloko ngamanani asebenzayo kumapuleti okuconsa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indebe yokuthela yasetshenziswa ukubala ama-CFU aphansi, futhi ukuncishiswa kuya ku-106 kwasetshenziswa ukubala ama-CFU aphezulu. 36.37
Lungisa amashubhu aqukethe i-15 ml ye-agar medium encibilikisiwe ehlanjululwe kusengaphambili ku-autoclave ngosuku olufanayo nolwesilingo. I-Enterococcus faecalis iyi-facultative Gram-positive anaerobic coccus engasinda ku-pH ephezulu kakhulu, i-acidity kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Amasampula ebhaktheriya angu-39 (i-Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) alungiswa ngokuxuba amaseli avela kumakholoni ne-saline engcolile. Amasampula ebhaktheriya abe esehlanjululwa nge-saline ukuze afane ne-McFarland 0.5, elingana ne-108 CFU/mL. Umthamo wesampula owengeziwe wawuyi-10 µl. 39 I-turbidity standard (i-McFarland 0.5)40 yalungiswa ngokuthulula isixazululo se-barium chloride dihydrate esingu-0.6 ml esingu-1% (10 g/l) ku-cylinder ephothuliwe engu-100 ml bese kugcwaliswa ku-100 ml nge-1% (10 g/l) sulfuric acid. Izindinganiso zokuguquguquka kwafakwa emapayipini afanayo namasampula omhluzi futhi agcinwa ekamelweni lokushisa izinyanga eziyi-6 ebumnyameni futhi avalwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhwamuka. Vula isembozo sesitsha sePetri esingenalutho bese uthela isampula phakathi kwesitsha. Uma i-agar iqine ngokuphelele, guqula ipuleti bese uyibeka ku-37°C amahora angama-24.
Yonke idatha yaqoqwa, yahlelwa futhi yahlolwa ngezibalo. Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-IBM® SPSS® Statistical Version 17 ye-Windows (SPSS Inc., IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA).
Ukuncibilika kwe-Chx.HCl ezigabeni ezahlukene zamafutha, izixazululo ze-surfactant, izixazululo ze-co-surfactant, kanye namanzi kwafundwa. I-Chx.Hcl inokuncibilika okuphezulu kakhulu ku-Labrafil M kanye nokuncibilika okuphansi kakhulu ku-oleic acid. Ukuncibilika okuphezulu kwezidakamizwa esigabeni samafutha kubalulekile kuma-nanoemulsions ngoba ama-nanoemulsions ayakwazi ukugcina umuthi usesimweni esincibilikisiwe, okusho ukuthi ukuncibilika okuphezulu kwezidakamizwa kumafutha kuphumela kumafutha amancane ekwakhiweni futhi ngaleyo ndlela kube umuthi omncane. ukulayisha Inani elithile le-surfactant kanye ne-co-surfactant liyadingeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe amaconsi kawoyela.
Kwakhiwa umdwebo wesigaba esingama-pseudo-triple ukuze kuchazwe izifunda ze-nanoemulsion futhi kuthuthukiswe amazinga amafutha akhethiwe, ama-surfactants, kanye nama-surfactants engeziwe (i-Labrafil M, i-Tween 80, i-Tween 20, kanye ne-propylene glycol, ngokulandelana). I-Chx.Hcl ikhombisa ukuncibilika okuphansi kakhulu ku-oleic acid, okuholela ekuguquguqukeni kwamafu lapho i-oleic acid ifakwa ngethonsi lokuqala lamanzi. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwe-oleic acid aluzange lukhishwe kulolu cwaningo. Amanye amafomula alungiselelwe kusetshenziswa ingxube ka-1:9 kawoyela kanye ne-surfactant. ububanzi be-pH kanye namandla e-ionic, ngakho-ke lawa ma-surfactants akhethiwe.
Zonke izinhlobo ezilungiselelwe zazicacile ngaphandle kweSistimu F2, eyayibonakala inamafu ngakho-ke yayingafakwanga ezifundweni ezengeziwe zokuhlola.
Ukwakheka kwe-nanoemulsion okuhle kufanele kukwazi ukuhlakazeka ngokuphelele nangokushesha uma kuxutshwe ngokushukuma okuthambile. Ukwakheka kwe-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl kubonise izikhathi ezimfushane ze-emulsification, kusukela kumasekhondi angu-1.67 kuya kwangu-12.33. I-Tween 80 inesikhathi esifushane kakhulu se-emulsification. Lokhu kungachazwa amandla aphezulu okuncibilikisa e-Tween 80. Isikhathi se-self-emulsification siyanda ngokwanda kokuhlushwa kwe-surfactant, okungase kube ngenxa yokwanda kwe-viscosity yesistimu ngaphansi kwesenzo se-surfactant.
Usayizi weconsi le-emulsion unquma izinga kanye nobukhulu bokukhishwa kwesidakamizwa. Usayizi weconsi elincane le-emulsion uholela esikhathini esifushane se-emulsification kanye nendawo engaphezulu yokumuncwa kwesidakamizwa. Usayizi weconsi ojwayelekile wezingxenye ezikhethiwe ze-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl wawungu-711±0.44, 587±15.3, 10.97±0.11, 16.43±4.55, kanye no-12.18±2.48, kanti i-PDI yayingu-0.76, 0.19, 0.61, 0.47 kanye no-0.76 we-F1, F2., F3 kanye no-0.16 ngokulandelana i-F4, F5 kanye ne-F6. Ama-formulations aqukethe i-Tween 80 njenge-surfactant abonise ama-spherulite amancane. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu e-emulsifying. Inani eliphansi le-PDI libonisa ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wesistimu okunciphile. Lezi zindlela zokwakheka zibukeka zihlanzekile ngoba ama-radii azo amaconsi mancane kunobude be-optical bokukhanya okubonakalayo (390-750 nm) lapho kwenzeka khona ukuhlakazeka okuncane kokukhanya.
Ku-Fig. 2 kukhombisa iphesenti le-Chx.HCl elikhishwe ekwakhiweni okulungiselelwe. Ukukhishwa okuphelele komuthi kusuka ekwakhiweni okulungiselelwe kwe-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion kwaqala kumaminithi angu-2 kuya kwangu-7. Kwabonwa ukuthi izinga lokukhishwa kwemithi eliphakeme kakhulu latholakala endabeni ye-Chx.HCl F6 nanoemulsion formula (2 min), okungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokuba khona kwe-Tween 80, ebonise izinga eliphezulu le-emulsification, kanye ne-nanoemulsion ephumela. inikeza indawo enkulu yokukhishwa kwemithi, okuvumela amazinga okukhishwa kwemithi akhuphukile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izakhiwo zokuncibilika kwe-propylene glycol zivumela inani elikhulu lama-surfactants aphilizayo ukuthi ancibilike emafutheni. 40
Ukukhishwa kwe-Chx.HCl ku-vitro kutholakale ukuthi kulandela uhlelo oluhlukile lwe-kinetic, futhi akukho myalelo ocacile we-kinetic ongabonisa ukukhishwa kwemithi kusuka kumafomula e-nanoemulsion alungiselelwe ngendlela ehlukile. Ukukhishwa kwe-kinetic kwemithi ye-F4 kuyi-kinetics ye-first order, okusho ukuthi ikhishwa ngokulingana nenani lemithi esele ngaphakathi kwayo. 42 Ukukhishwa kwe-kinetic kweminye imithi kwakuhambisana nemodeli yokusabalalisa ye-Higuasha, ekhombisile ukuthi inani lemithi ekhishwe lalilingana nempande yesikwele yemithi iyonke kanye nokuncibilika kwemithi ku-nanoemulsion. 42
Ama-formulations akhethiwe abekwe ngaphansi kokuqina okuhlukahlukene kwe-thermodynamic ngokuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kusetshenziswa imijikelezo yokushisa-epholile, i-centrifugation kanye nemijikelezo yokuqandisa-eqandisiwe. Kwabonwa ukuthi ama-formulations F3 kanye ne-F4 abonise ukuna kwesidakamizwa ngemva kwemijikelezo yokuncibilika, kuyilapho i-F1 ibonise ukujiya (i-gelling). I-F5 kanye ne-F6 badlule umjikelezo wokugqamisa okuqhubekayo, ukuhlolwa kokupholisa ukushisa kanye nokuhlolwa kokugqamisa-eqandisiwe. Ama-nanoemulsion ayizinhlelo ezizinzile ze-thermodynamic ezakhiwe ngamanani athile kawoyela, i-surfactant namanzi ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, i-emulsification noma ukuqhekeka. Ukuzinza kwe-thermal okuhlukanisa ama-nanoemulsion kuma-emulsion, azinzile nge-kinetically futhi azogcina ehlukene ngezigaba. 19 F3 ibonise usayizi omkhulu wezinhlayiya (587 nm) kunezinye izinhlobo, okungachaza ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba kanye nokuna kwesidakamizwa ekuhlolweni kokuzinza kwe-thermodynamic. I-F4 equkethe i-Tween 80 futhi kungekho-co-surfactant ebonise ukuna kwesidakamizwa, lokhu kungabonisa isidingo sokusebenzisa i-propylene glycol kanye ne-Tween 80 ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwama-formulations e-nanoemulsion. I-F1 equkethe i-Tween 20 ngaphandle kwe-surfactant eyengeziwe ibonise ukuqina (i-gelling), okuwukwanda kwe-viscosity noma amandla e-gel ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwamaconsi.
Imiphumela yokuzinza ikhombisa ukubaluleka kokuba khona kwe-propylene glycol surfactant eyengeziwe ukwandisa ukusabalala kwezinhlayiya nokuvimbela ukuna kwemithi. I-43 F6 yayiyifomula engcono kakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezincane (12.18 nm), isikhathi esifushane se-emulsification (imizuzwana engu-1.67) kanye nesilinganiso sokuncibilika okusheshayo ngemva kwemizuzu emi-2. Kutholakale ukuthi kuyisistimu ezinzile ngokwe-thermodynamic/ngokomzimba ngakho-ke yakhethwa ukuze ifundwe kabanzi.
Ukwehluleka ngemva kokwelashwa kwemisele yezimpande kuya ngokuya kuvama, okusho ukuthi iziguli zisengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. 44,45 I-Biofilm kumele isuswe ngesikhathi sokuhlanza nokugcwalisa imisele yezimpande. 46,47 Ngenxa yobunzima besistimu yemisele yezimpande, kuba nzima ukususa ngokuphelele imisele yezimpande zamagciwane kusetshenziswa amathuluzi kanye nokunisela kuphela. 48 Ukusebenza kahle kwezixazululo zokuhlanza imisele yezimpande kuncike ekungeneni kwe-inrigant ku-DT kanye nesikhathi sokuchayeka kumagciwane. 49 Ngakho-ke, izindlela ezintsha zokuhlanza imisele yezimpande ngokuphelele ziye zazanywa futhi zahlolwa. Ukuhlanza okuvamile akuqedi ngokuphelele i-E. faecalis ngenxa yokungena okuncane kwe-DT.50.
Amandla okuhlanza ajwayelekile e-nanoemulsion rinse ayengu-2001.47 µm2, kanti ubukhulu bezinhlayiya ezijwayelekile ze-rinse aid babungu-2609.56 µm. Umehluko ojwayelekile phakathi kwe-nanoemulsion wash kanye ne-particle size wash evamile wawungu-608.09 µm2. Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokunisela kwe-nanoemulsion kanye nokunisela kosayizi wezinhlayiya ojwayelekile one-(P-value 0.00052). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokunisela kwe-nanoemulsion kanye nokunisela kosayizi wezinhlayiya ojwayelekile one-(P-value 0.00052). Между ирригационными растворами наноэмульсии и ирригационными растворами с нормальным размером частиц наблюдалась статистически зна0,омаш разница (значение P 0,00052). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) (inani le-P 0.00052) phakathi kokunisela kwe-nanoemulsion kanye nokunisela kwezinhlayiya ezivamile.纳米乳液冲洗剂和正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的差异（P<0.001）P<0.001）纳米乳液冲洗剂和正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的差异（P<0.001）P<0.001） I-Между ополаскивателем с наноэмульсией и ополаскивателем с нормальным размером частиц была статистически очень значимая разница0000000 (P10) 0,00052). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.0001) phakathi kokuhlanza nge-nanoemulsion kanye nokuhlanza okuvamile kosayizi wezinhlayiya (inani le-P lingu-0.00052).I-nanoemulsion ibonise umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezivamile zosayizi wezinhlayiya, ikhombisa indawo ephansi yobuso bemfucumfucu eseleyo, okungukuthi izinto ze-nanoemulsion zazinekhono lokuhlanza elihle kakhulu, njengoba kuboniswe kumfanekiso 3.
Umfanekiso 3. Ukuqhathaniswa kokusebenza kokuhlanza kwezinsiza zokuhlanza: (A) nge-Nano CHX laser esebenzayo, (B) nge-CHX laser esebenzayo, (C) nge-PUI Nano CHX, (D) ngaphandle kwe-Nano CHX activation, (E) ngaphandle kwe-CHX activation, kanye (F) ) ne-CHX PUI activation.
Indawo ephakathi nendawo yezingcezu ze-Chx.HCl 1.6% ezisele yayingu-2320.36 µm2, kanti indawo ephakathi nendawo ye-Chx.HCl 2% yayingu-2949.85 µm2. Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwezithasiselo ze-nanoemulsion kanye nezithasiselo zosayizi wezinhlayiya ezivamile (inani le-P elingu-0.00000). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwezithasiselo ze-nanoemulsion kanye nezithasiselo zosayizi wezinhlayiya ezivamile (inani le-P elingu-0.00000). Наблюдалась статистически высокозначимая (P<0,001) разница между более высокой концентрацией наноэмульсионных ирригационых ирригацион ирригационными растворами с нормальным размером частиц (значение P 0,00000). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwezithasiselo ze-nanoemulsion kanye nezithasiselo zosayizi wezinhlayiya ezivamile (inani le-P lingu-0.00000).较高浓度的纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的Ｎ显着的0显着的Ｎ1P 0.00000.较高浓度的纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学显着的差异弈01P0.（001P0. Наблюдалась статистически очень значимая разница (P<0,001) между более высокими концентрациями ополаскивателя с наноэмульпсы нормальным размером частиц (значение P 0,00000). Bekukhona umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kwamazinga aphezulu e-nanoemulsion rinse kanye ne-normal particle size rinse (inani le-P elingu-0.00000).Nakuba ukuhlushwa kwe-nanoemulsion irrigant kwakuphansi kunokwe-particle size irrigant evamile, lokhu kuhlushwa okuphansi kwakusebenza kahle kakhulu ekususeni udoti futhi kusebenza kahle ekuhlanzeni imisele yezimpande.
I-PUI yayinomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwenza kusebenze. I-PUI yayinomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwenza kusebenze. PUI имел статистически высокозначимую разницу (p<0,001) по сравнению с другими методами активации. I-PUI yayinomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwenza kusebenze.与其他激活方法相比，PUI 具有统计学上非常显着的差异(p<0.001).与其他激活方法相比，PUI 具有统计学上非常显着的差异(p<0.001). По сравнению с другими методами активации PUI имел статистически очень значимую разницу (p<0,001). Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwenza kusebenze, i-PUI yayinomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (p<0.001).Ngokusebenza kwe-ISP, indawo evamile yobuso obusele bemfucumfucu yayingu-1695.31 µm2. Umehluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI ne-Laser wawungu-987.89929 obonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) nge (inani le-p elingu-0.00000). Umehluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI ne-Laser wawungu-987.89929 obonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) nge (inani le-p elingu-0.00000). I-Средняя разница между PUI ne-Laser составила 987,89929, демонстрируя высокостатистически значимую (P<0,001) разницу с (p-значение 0000). Umehluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI ne-Laser wawungu-987.89929, okubonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) kusuka ku-(p-value 0.00000). I-PUI 和Laser 之间的平均差异為987.89929,显示出高度统计学显着性(P<0.001) 差异(p 值0.0000).I-PUI kanye ne-Laser I-Средняя разница между PUI ne-Laser составила 987,89929, что свидетельствует о высокой статистической значимости (P<0,001) разни000 (P<0,001) разни0000 (P<0,001) разни000 Umehluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI ne-Laser wawungu-987.89929, okubonisa ukubaluleka okuphezulu kwezibalo (P<0.001) umehluko (inani le-p elingu-0.00000). Umehluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kanye nokungasebenzisi kwakungu-712.40643 okubonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) ngenani le-p elingu-0.00098). Ukusetshenziswa kokusebenza kwe-Laser noma ukungasebenzisi kwakungahlukile ngokwezibalo (P>0.05) ngenani le-P elingu-0.451211. Umehluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kanye nokungasebenzisi kwakungu-712.40643 okubonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) ngenani le-p elingu-0.00098). Inani le-P elingu-0.451211. Средняя разница между PUI and отсутствием активации составила 712,40643, демонстрируя высокостатистически значимую (P<0,001) с. 0,00098). Umehluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kanye nokungasebenzisi kwakungu-712.40643, okubonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) ngenani le-p elingu-0.00098).Inani le-P lingu-0.451211. I-PUI 和未激活之间的平均差异為712.40643，显示高度统计学显着性差异(P<0.001)，p 0006430).I-PUI I-Средняя разница между PUI ne-iнактивацией составила 712,40643, что свидетельствует о высокой статистической значимости разниз001, p. 0,00098). Umehluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kanye nokungasebenzi wawungu-712.40643, okubonisa ukubaluleka okuphezulu kwezibalo komehluko (P<0.001, inani le-p elingu-0.00098).使用激光激活或不激活在统计学上没有显着差异(P>0.05) P 值為0.451211.使用激光激活或不激活在统计学上没有显着差异(P>0.05) P 值為0.451211. Статистически значимой разницы (P>0,05) с лазерной активацией или без нее не было со значением P 0,451211. Akukho mehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (P>0.05) ngokusebenza kwe-laser noma ngaphandle kwayo ngenani le-P elingu-0.451211.Indawo ephakathi nendawo yezingcezu ezisele lapho kusebenze i-laser yayingu-2683.21 µm2. Indawo ephakathi nendawo yezingcezu ezisele ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-laser yayingu-2407.72 µm2. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza kwe-laser noma ukungasebenzi, i-PUI yayinendawo encane kakhulu endaweni ephakathi nendawo ye-chip, okungukuthi amandla okuhlanza angcono kakhulu.
Amandla okuhlanza ajwayelekile e-nanoemulsion rinse ayengu-2001.47 µm2, kanti ubukhulu bezinhlayiya ezijwayelekile ze-rinse aid babungu-2609.56 µm. Umehluko ojwayelekile phakathi kwe-nanoemulsion wash kanye ne-particle size wash evamile wawungu-608.09 µm2. Kwakukhona umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokunisela kwe-nanoemulsion kanye nokunisela kosayizi wezinhlayiya ojwayelekile one-(P-value 0.00052). Kwakukhona umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokunisela kwe-nanoemulsion kanye nokunisela kosayizi wezinhlayiya ojwayelekile one-(P-value 0.00052). I-Между ирригационными растворами наноэмульсии и ирригационными растворами с нормальным размером частиц была статистически высоя00зназна,мальным размером частиц (значение P 0,00052). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) (inani le-P 0.00052) phakathi kokunisela kwe-nanoemulsion kanye nokunisela kwezinhlayiya ezivamile.纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的差异（P<0（001（P<0（001). P <0.001 (P值0.00052). I-Между ополаскивателем с наноэмульсией и ополаскивателем с нормальным размером частиц была статистически очень значимая разница0000000 (P10) 0,00052). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.0001) phakathi kokuhlanza nge-nanoemulsion kanye nokuhlanza okuvamile kosayizi wezinhlayiya (inani le-P lingu-0.00052).Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezivamile zosayizi wezinhlayiya, i-nanoemulsion inomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo, ikhombisa indawo ephansi yokungcola okusele, okungukuthi izinto ze-nanoemulsion zinekhono lokuhlanza elingcono njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3.
Indawo ephakathi nendawo yezingcezu ze-Chx.HCl 1.6% ezisele yayingu-2320.36 µm2, kanti indawo ephakathi nendawo ye-Chx.HCl 2% yayingu-2949.85 µm2. Kwakukhona umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwezithasiselo ze-nanoemulsion kanye nezithasiselo zosayizi wezinhlayiya ezivamile (inani le-P elingu-0.00000). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwezithasiselo ze-nanoemulsion kanye nezithasiselo zosayizi wezinhlayiya ezivamile (inani le-P elingu-0.00000). Ukushintshanisa okungcono kakhulu kwe- P<0,001 растворами с нормальным размером частиц (значение P 0,00000). Kube nomehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwezithasiselo ze-nanoemulsion kanye nezithasiselo zosayizi wezinhlayiya ezivamile (inani le-P lingu-0.00000).较高浓度的纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的差异(P<0.001)(P值0.00000).较高浓度的纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的Ｎ显着的0显着的0显着的0显着的0显着的0显着. Наблюдалась статистически высокозначимая разница (P <0,001) между более высокими концентрациями ополаскивателя с наноэмульпьсим нормальным размером частиц (значение P 0,00000). Kube nomehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P < 0.001) phakathi kwamazinga aphezulu e-nanoemulsion rinse kanye ne-normal particle size rinse (inani le-P lingu-0.00000).Nakuba ukuhlushwa kwe-nanoemulsion irrigant kwakuphansi kunokwe-particle size irrigant evamile, lokhu kuhlushwa okuphansi kwakusebenza kahle kakhulu ekususeni udoti futhi kusebenza kahle ekuhlanzeni imisele yezimpande.
I-PUI yayinomehluko obalulekile ophezulu ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwenza kusebenze. I-PUI yayinomehluko obalulekile ophezulu ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwenza kusebenze. PUI имел статистически высокую значимую разницу (p<0,001) по сравнению с другими методами активации. I-PUI yayinomehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwenza kusebenze.与其他激活方法相比，PUI 具有统计学上的显着差异(p<0.001). Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwenza kusebenze, i-PUI inomehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (p<0.001). I-PUI статистически значимо отличался (p<0,001) по сравнению с другими методами активации. I-PUI yayihluke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwenza kusebenze.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-PUI, indawo evamile yemfucumfucu engaphezulu eseleyo yayingu-1695.31 μm2. Umehluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI ne-Laser wawungu-987.89929 obonisa umehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) nge (inani le-p elingu-0.00000). Umehluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kanye nokungasebenzisi wawungu-712.40643 okubonisa umehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) nge (inani le-p elingu-0.00098). Ukusetshenziswa kokusebenza kwe-Laser noma ukungasebenzisi kwakungeyona into ehlukile ngokwezibalo (P>0.05) nge (inani le-P elingu-0.451211). Umehluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI ne-Laser wawungu-987.89929 obonisa umehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) nge (inani le-p elingu-0.00000). Umehluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kanye nokungasebenzisi wawungu-712.40643 okubonisa umehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) nge (inani le-p elingu-0.00098). Ukusetshenziswa kokusebenza kwe-Laser noma ukungasebenzisi kwakuhlukile ngokwezibalo (P>0.05) nge (inani le-P elingu-0.451211). Средняя разница между PUI and лазером составила 987,89929, демонстрируя высокостатистически значимую (P<0,001) разницу с (p0 з,00). Umehluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI ne-laser wawungu-987.89929, okubonisa umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) nge-(p-value 0.00000). - значение 0,00098).Использование лазерной активации или отсутствие активации не имело статистически значимой разницы (P>0,0,01,5,5) (P>0,01,5,5) с. - inani 0.00098). Ukusetshenziswa kokusebenza kwe-laser noma ukungasebenzi kwakunomehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (P>0.05) nge (P-inani 0.451211). PUI 和激光之间的平均差异為987.89929，与(p 值0.00000) 差异具有高度统计学意义(P<0.001) Umehluko ojwayelekile phakathi kwe-PUI ne-laser ngu-987.89929, kanti umehluko (p 值0.00000) unokubaluleka okuphezulu kwezibalo (P<0.001). Средняя разница между PUI and лазером составила 987,89929, что было высоко статистически значимым (P<0,001) с (значение p 0,000). Umehluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI ne-laser wawungu-987.89929, okwakubaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) nge (inani le-p elingu-0.00000). PUI 与未激活之间的平均差异為712.40643，与(p) 差异具有高度统计学意义(P<0.001.001) -0080 Umehluko ojwayelekile phakathi kwe-PUI kanye ne-inactive ngu-712.40643, kanti umehluko (p) unokubaluleka okuphezulu kwezibalo (P<0.001) – inani lingu-0.00098. Средняя разница между PUI and инактивацией составила 712,40643, что было высоко статистически значимым с разницей (p) (P<0,0009 — P<0,0009 —). Umehluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kanye nokungasebenzi kwakungu-712.40643, okwakubaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo ngomehluko (p) (P<0.001 - inani elingu-0.00098).使用激光激活或不激活没有显着统计学差异(P>0.05) 与(P 值0.451211). Kwakungekho mehluko omkhulu wezibalo phakathi kokusebenza kwe-laser kanye nokungakwenzi kusebenze (P>0.05) kanye (P 值0.451211). Не было статистически значимой разницы (P>0,05) по сравнению с (значение P 0,451211) с лазерной активацией или без нее. Akukho mehluko obalulekile ngokwezibalo (P>0.05) uma kuqhathaniswa ne-(P value 0.451211) ngokusebenzisa noma ngaphandle kokusebenza kwe-laser.Indawo ephakathi nendawo yezingcezu ezisele ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-laser yayingu-2683.21 μm2. Indawo ephakathi nendawo yezingcezu ezisele ngaphandle kokuzisebenzisa yayingu-2407.72 μm2. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza kwe-laser noma ukungasebenzi, i-PUI inendawo ephakathi nendawo encane ngokwezibalo ye-chip, okungukuthi ikhono lokuhlanza elingcono.
Umphumela omaphakathi wokuhlanza nge-nanoemulsion ekususweni kwemfucuza wawuphakeme kakhulu ngokwezibalo kunokuhlanza ngosayizi wezinhlayiya ojwayelekile. I-Chx.HCl 1.6%, PUI 1938.77 µm2, 2510.96 µm2 nge-laser. Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa, inani elimaphakathi lingu-2511.34 µm2. Lapho i-2% Chx.HCl isetshenziswa futhi ivuselelwa nge-laser, imiphumela yayimibi kakhulu futhi inani lemfucuza laliphezulu. Imiphumela efanayo yatholakala lapho i-0.75% Chx.HCl ingasebenzi. Ngokusobala, imiphumela emihle kakhulu yatholakala kusetshenziswa amazinga aphezulu okusiza ukuhlanza nge-nanoemulsion. I-PUI yayisebenza kahle kakhulu ekusebenzeni kokunisela kanye nokuhlanza imfucuza, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3A-F)).
Njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 2, i-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl isebenze kangcono kunezinhlayiya zosayizi ojwayelekile ngokwenani lezinto ezincane eziphilayo futhi yayinobudlelwano obuhle nokungena kwefomula kanye nomphumela wokuhlanza ngokuya ngamapharamitha alandelayo: usayizi, ukuhlushwa kwe-agent yokuhlanza kanye nendlela yokwenza kusebenze.
Amabhaktheriya angabhujiswa ngokuphelele ngokusebenzisa i-concentration ephezulu ye-rinse aid. Ngisho nangokusebenza kwe-PUI, i-0.75% Chx.HCl yayinomphumela omubi kakhulu wokulwa namagciwane. Ukusebenza kwe-laser kunomphumela omubi ekuhlanzeni kwe-nano-emulsion. Njengoba kungabonakala kuyo yonke imiphumela yangaphambilini, ukusetshenziswa kwe-laser kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl engu-0.75%, lapho i-CFU ye-nanoChx.HCl engu-0.75% ingu-195, okuyinani eliphakeme kakhulu, okubonisa ukuthi ama-reagents kulokhu kuhlungwa afana nokusebenza kwe-laser. Ama-laser e-diode ashisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukukhanya noma ukushisa kungabangela i-nanoemulsion ukuthi ilahlekelwe umphumela wayo wokulwa namagciwane. Umphumela wokuhlungwa okuphezulu ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwamabhaktheriya. I-Nano Chx.HCl engu-1.6% ibonise ukukhula okungekuhle kwamabhaktheriya lapho kukhona ukusebenza kwe-laser, okusho ukuthi i-laser ayizange ithinte ikhono lokulwa namagciwane le-nano Chx.HCl engu-1.6%. Kungaphethwa ngokuthi izinto ze-nanoemulsion ezine-concentration ephezulu zinomphumela ongcono wokulwa namagciwane.
Kulo msebenzi, ama-nanoemulsion e-Chx.HCl alungiselelwe kusetshenziswa amafutha amabili ahlukene, ama-surfactants amabili kanye ne-co-surfactant, kwakhethwa indlela engcono kakhulu (F6) enosayizi omncane wezinhlayiya, isikhathi esifushane se-emulsification kanye nesilinganiso esiphakeme sokuncibilika). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-(F6) yahlolwa ukuzinza kwe-thermodynamic/physical. Ku-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl ekugxilweni okungu-1.6%, i-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl ibonise ukungena okungcono kakhulu kuma-tubules amazinyo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Chx.HCl yendabuko njengoketshezi lokuhlanza, kanti i-PUI njengendlela yokwenza kusebenze yayinekhono lokuhlanza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo zokulwa namagciwane ze-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl zibonise ukususwa okuphelele kwamagciwane. Imiphumela ikuqinisekisile lokhu. I-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl ingabhekwa njengoketshezi lokugeza oluthembisayo.
Sibonga kakhulu abasebenzi belebhu yocwaningo ye-Misr University of Science and Technology ngokusekela kwabo okukhulu.