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Haɗawa da kuma siffanta chlorhexidine hydrochloride nanoemulsion a matsayin maganin ban ruwa na tushen magudanar ruwa mai hana ƙwayoyin cuta: nazarin in vitro da ex vivo
作者 Abdelmonem R., Younis MK, Hassan DH, El-Sayed Ahmed MAEG, Hassanien E., El-Batuti K., Elfaham A.
Rehab Abdelmonem, 1 Mona K. Younis, 1 Doaa H. Hassan, 1 Mohamed Abd El-Gawad El-Sayed Ahmed, 2 Ehab Hassanein, 3 Kariem El-Batuti, 3 Alaa Elfaham 31 Kimiyya da Fasaha, Kwalejin Magunguna da Magungunan Masana'antu, Jami'ar Misr, 6 Oktoba City, Masar; 2 Sashen Kwayoyin Halittu da Rigakafi, Kwalejin Magunguna, Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Misr, 6 Oktoba, Masar; 3 Sashen Endodontics, Jami'ar Ain Shams, Alkahira, Masar Gabatarwa da Manufofi: Chlorine hexidine hydrochloride [Chx.HCl] yana da aikin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta mai faɗi, aiki mai tsawo da ƙarancin guba, saboda haka ana ba da shawarar a matsayin mai yuwuwar ba da ruwa ga tushen canal. Manufar wannan binciken ita ce amfani da sabon tsari na Chx.HCl nanoemulsion don ƙara ƙarfin shiga, tsaftacewa da aikin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na Chx.HCl da amfani da shi azaman mai ba da ruwa ga tushen canal. Hanyoyi: An shirya Chx.HCl nanoemulsions ta amfani da mai daban-daban guda biyu: oleic acid da Labrafil M1944CS, surfactants guda biyu, Tween 20 da Tween 80, da co-surfactant, propylene glycol. Shirya zane-zanen mataki na pseudo-ternary don nuna tsarin da ya fi dacewa. An kimanta tsarin nanoemulsion da aka shirya don abun ciki na magani, lokacin emulsification, watsewa, girman digo, sakin magani a cikin vitro, kwanciyar hankali na thermodynamic, aikin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin vitro, da kuma nazarin in vitro na zaɓaɓɓun tsari. An kwatanta aikin shiga, tsaftacewa da kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na Chx.HCl 0.75% da 1.6% nanoemulsion tare da girman barbashi na yau da kullun azaman mai ban ruwa na tushen canal. Sakamako. Tsarin da aka zaɓa shine F6 tare da 2% Labrafil, 12% Tween 80 da 6% propylene glycol. Ƙaramin girman barbashi (12.18 nm), ɗan gajeren lokacin emulsification (daƙiƙa 1.67) da kuma narkewa cikin sauri bayan mintuna 2. An gano cewa tsarin thermodynamics/physical stabilized ne. Idan aka kwatanta da girman barbashi na Chx.HCl na gargajiya, yawan Chx.HCl 1.6% nanoemulsion ya nuna mafi kyawun shigar ciki saboda ƙaramin girman barbashi. Idan aka kwatanta da kayan girman barbashi na yau da kullun (2609.56 µm2), nanoemulsion na Chx.HCl 1.6% yana da matsakaicin matsakaicin yankin saman tarkace (2001.47 µm2). Kammalawa: Nanoemulsion composite Chx.HCl yana da ingantaccen ikon tsaftacewa da aikin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Yana da tasiri sosai wajen kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a kan Enterococcus faecalis, kuma ƙimar tarawa ta ƙwayoyin cuta yana da yawa ko kuma ya lalace gaba ɗaya. Kalmomi masu mahimmanci: chlorhexidine hydrochloride, nanoemulsion, ruwan ban ruwa na tushen canal, shigar ciki, tasirin tsarkakewa, ruwan ban ruwa na kashe ƙwayoyin cuta.
Nanoemulsions, wani nau'in emulsions mai girman digo a cikin kewayon 50-500 nm, ya sami kulawa sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan saboda halayensu na musamman. Kyakkyawan kaddarorin tsaftacewa, taurin ruwa ba ya shafar su, a mafi yawan lokuta suna da ƙarancin guba da rashin hulɗar electrostatic. 2 Nanotechnology yana da girman barbashi mai ƙanƙanta, babban yanki zuwa taro da halayen jiki da sinadarai na musamman idan aka kwatanta da samfuran girma iri ɗaya, kuma yana buɗe sabbin ra'ayoyi game da magani da rigakafin cututtukan hakori. 3 Chlorhexidine hydrochloride (Chx.HCl) yana narkewa kaɗan a cikin ruwa, yana narkewa kaɗan a cikin barasa kuma a hankali yana tabo a cikin haske. 4.5 SH. HCl yana da aikin antibacterial mai faɗi, aiki mai tsawo da ƙarancin guba. Saboda waɗannan kaddarorin, ana kuma ba da shawarar shi azaman mai yuwuwar ban ruwa ga tushen canal. Babban fa'idodin Chx.HCl sune ƙarancin guba, babu wari kuma babu ɗanɗano mara daɗi. 6-9 An yi amfani da nau'ikan lasers da yawa don inganta kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na tushen canal. Tasirin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na laser ya dogara ne da tsawon tsayi da kuzari, da kuma yanayin zafi, wanda ke haifar da canje-canje a bangon ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke haifar da canji a cikin yanayin osmotic har zuwa mutuwar ƙwayoyin halitta. Hulɗar da ke tsakanin lasers da masu ban ruwa na tushen canal yana buɗe sabbin sararin samaniya a cikin maganin kashe ɓawon burodi. 10 Ƙarfin ultrasonic yana samar da mitoci masu yawa amma ƙarancin girma. An tsara fayilolin don yin girgiza a mitar ultrasonic na 25-30 kHz, waɗanda suka wuce iyakar fahimtar ji na ɗan adam (> 20 kHz). An tsara fayilolin don yin girgiza a mitar ultrasonic na 25-30 kHz, waɗanda suka wuce iyakar fahimtar ji na ɗan adam (> 20 kHz). Файлы предназначены для колебаний на ультразвуковых частотах 25–30 кГц, которые восприятия человека (> 20 кГц). An tsara fayilolin don yin rawar jiki a mitar ultrasonic na 25-30 kHz, waɗanda suka fi ƙarfin jin ɗan adam (> 20 kHz).这些文件被设计成在25–30 kHz 的超声波频率下振荡，这超出了人类听觉感知的极限()这些文件被设计成在 25–30 kHz Файлы расчитаны на колебания на ультразвуковых частотах 25–30 кГц. (> 20 kГц). An tsara fayilolin don girgiza a mitoci na ultrasonic na 25-30 kHz, wanda ya wuce iyakokin jin ɗan adam (> 20 kHz).Suna aiki a cikin juyawar juyawa, suna saita yanayin halayen kulli da antinodes a tsawonsu. Kalmar "ban ruwa mai wucewa ta ultrasonic" (PUI) wata yarjejeniya ce ta ban ruwa wadda babu kayan aiki ko bango da suka taɓa fayilolin endodontic ko kayan aiki. A lokacin PUI, ana canja wurin makamashin duban dan tayi daga fayil ɗin girgiza zuwa maganin ban ruwa a cikin tushen magudanar ruwa. Na ƙarshen na iya haifar da kwararar sonic da cavitation na wakilin flushing. 11 Dangane da bayanan da ke sama, ana ganin ya dace a yi amfani da nanotechnology don kimanta ingantaccen aikin shiga da tsaftacewa na Chx.HCl.
Kamfanin Magunguna na Larabawa don Magunguna (Cairo, Egypt) ya samar da Chlorhexidine hydrochloride Chx.HCl cikin alheri. Gattefosse (Saint Priest, Faransa) ya samar da Labrafil M 1944 CS (oleoylpolyoxy-6-glyceride) cikin karimci. Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate), Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate), oleic acid, propylene glycol daga Kamfanin Gomhorya (Cairo, Egypt)). Cire haƙoran da ba su da kauri ɗaya don maganin periodontal ko orthodontic, Sashen Kimiyyar Facial, Faculty of Dentistry, Jami'ar Ain Shams, Cairo, Egypt. Tsarkakken al'adar Enterococcus faecalis (nau'in ATCC 29212) da aka girma a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace na zuciya (BHI) (RC CLEANER, IIchung Dental Ltd., Seoul, Korea).
An yi nazarin yadda Chx.HCl ke narkewa a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban (oleic acid, Labrafil M 1944CS, Tween 20, Tween 80, propylene glycol, da ruwa). An sanya babban adadin Chx.HCl (50 mg) a cikin bututun centrifuge sannan a ƙara 5.0 g na matsakaicin matakin. An girgiza cakuda a cikin mahaɗin vortex na minti 15 sannan a adana a zafin ɗaki. Bayan awanni 24, an sanya ƙwayar maganin da ba ta narkewa a cikin bututun a 3000 rpm na minti 5 don samun supernatant mai haske. Tattara isasshen maganin samfurin kuma a narkar da shi da n-butanol. An tace samfuran da aka narkar ta hanyar takardar tace Whatman 102 sannan a narkar da su yadda ya kamata da n-butanol don tantance yawan maganin a cikin maganin da ya cika. An yi nazarin samfuran da na'urar auna UV spectrophotometer a 260 nm tare da n-butanol a matsayin iko. 12.13
An gina zane mai siffar kwai-uku don tantance ainihin rabon kowane abu da ake buƙata a cikin tsarin don samun mafi kyawun sigogi na nanoemulsion mai kyau. 14 An tsara tsarin ta amfani da mai (misali oleic acid da Labrafil M1944CS), surfactants (watau Tween 20 da Tween 80) da ƙarin surfactant, watau propylene glycol. Da farko, an shirya cakuda surfactants daban-daban (ba tare da cosurfactants) da mai a cikin rabo daban-daban na girma (daga 1:9 zuwa 9:1). Lokacin da aka sanya ruwan da aka sanya shi a cikin ruwa (ƙara ruwa a hankali), a kula da cakuda daga haske zuwa gajimare a matsayin wurin ƙarshe. Sannan ana yiwa waɗannan wuraren ƙarshe alama a kan zane mai siffar kwai-uku. An maimaita dukkan tsarin don cakuda surfactant da surfactant na biyu (Smix) wanda aka shirya a cikin rabo 2:1 da 3:1 kuma an haɗa shi da zaɓaɓɓun mai15,16 ɗaya.
An shirya tsarin Nanoemulsion da ke ɗauke da Chx.HCl ta amfani da Labrafil M 1944 CS a matsayin matakin mai da Tween 80 ko 20 surfactant da propylene glycol a matsayin ƙarin surfactant sannan a ƙarshe ruwa, Tebur 1. An narkar da maganin a cikin Labrafil M 1944 CS kuma an ƙara ruwan surfactant da na biyu a hankali tare da gaurayawa a hankali. An ƙayyade adadin surfactant da co-surfactant da aka ƙara, da kuma kashi na matakin mai da za a iya ƙarawa, ta amfani da zane-zanen lokaci na pseudo-ternary. An yi amfani da janareta na ultrasonic (Ultrasonic LC 60 H, Elma, Jamus) don cimma girman da ake so don watsa granules. Sannan a daidaita shi. 17
An gudanar da gwajin warwatsewa ta amfani da na'urar narkar da ruwa (Dr. Schleuniger Pharmaton, Model Diss 6000, Thun, Switzerland) inda aka ƙara 1 ml na kowane shiri a cikin 500 ml na ruwa a 37±0.5°C. Ana tabbatar da tashin hankali mai sauƙi ta hanyar amfani da madaurin narkar da bakin ƙarfe na yau da kullun da ke juyawa a 50 rpm. An tantance emulsion ɗin da aka samu a gani kuma an rarraba shi a sarari, mai haske tare da shuɗi mai duhu, mai kama da madara ko hazo. Zaɓi dabara mai haske don ƙarin bincike. 18.19
Cire Chx.HCl daga ingantattun abubuwan nanoemulsion bisa ga zane-zanen lokaci na pseudo-uku yana haifar da samar da n-butanol ta amfani da fasahar ultrasonic. Bayan narkewar da ta dace, an yi nazarin abubuwan da aka cire ta hanyar spectrophotometric a tsawon tsayin 260 nm don abun cikin Chx.HCl. ashirin
Domin gwada lokacin da ake yin emuls na kai, an ƙara 1 ml na kowane abun da ke ciki a cikin beaker cike da 250 ml na ruwan da aka tace sannan aka kiyaye shi a 37 ± 1°C tare da juyawa akai-akai a 50 rpm. Lokacin emuls na kai ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin lokacin da sinadarin kafin ya samar da cakuda iri ɗaya bayan narkewa. ashirin da ɗaya
Don nazarin girman digo, a narkar da 50 MG na ingantaccen maganin zuwa 1000 ml da ruwa a cikin kwalba sannan a gauraya a hankali da hannu. An tantance girman digo ta amfani da kayan aikin Malvern Zetasizer 2000 (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK) a ƙarƙashin yanayin gano bayan faduwa na 173º, zafin jiki na 25ºC, da kuma ma'aunin haske na 1.330. ashirin da biyu
An gudanar da nazarin narkar da maganin ta hanyar amfani da na'urar USP Type II (paddle) (Dr. Schleuniger Pharmaton, Diss Model 6000) a cikin rpm 50. An yi amfani da ruwan da aka tace (500 ml) wanda aka kiyaye a zafin jiki na 37±0.5°C a matsayin maganin narkar da maganin, sannan aka ƙara 5 ml na kayan da aka shirya a cikin dropwise zuwa ga maganin narkar da maganin. Sannan, a takaitattun lokaci, an ɗauki 5 ml na maganin narkar da maganin kuma an tantance adadin maganin da aka saki ta hanyar spectrophotometric a 254 nm. An gudanar da gwaje-gwajen a cikin sau uku. ashirin da uku.
Sannan, an auna sigogin motsi na sakin Chx.HCl a cikin vitro daga nanoemulsions da aka shirya bisa ga tushensa. An gwada sifili, tsari na farko da na biyu na kinetics da samfuran watsa Higuchi don zaɓar jerin kinetics wanda ya fi dacewa da sakin Chx.HCl.
An adana 2 ml na kowace hadaddiyar magani a yanayin zafi na tsawon awanni 48 kafin a ga rabuwar mataki. Sannan aka narkar da samfuran 1 ml na kowace hadaddiyar Chx.HCl nanoemulsion zuwa 10 ml da 100 ml da ruwan da aka tace a 25°C. sannan aka adana na tsawon awanni 24. Sannan aka lura da rabuwar mataki. ashirin da daya
Sannan an canja samfuran 2 ml na kowane abun da ke ciki daban-daban zuwa kwalaben haske tare da murfin sukurori sannan a adana a cikin firiji a zafin 2°C na tsawon awanni 24. Sannan aka cire su aka adana a zafin 25°C da 40°C. An gudanar da zagayen narkewar sanyaya guda ɗaya. Daga nan aka lura da samfuran don rabuwar matakai da ruwan sama na magunguna. 21
An canza samfurin 5 ml na kowace Chx.HCl nanoemulsion formulation zuwa cikin bututun gilashi sannan aka sanya shi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na centrifuge (Shanghai Surgical Instrument Factory Microcentrifuge Model 800, Shanghai, People's Republic of China) sannan aka sanya shi a cikin centrifuge a 4000 rpm na tsawon mintuna 5. Daga nan aka lura da samfuran don rabuwar matakai da ruwan sama na magunguna. 21
Kwamitin Ɗa'a na Cibiya na Jami'ar Ain Shams, Masar ya amince da dukkan gwaje-gwajen. An zaɓi haƙoran ɗan adam guda 50 marasa ciwon daji waɗanda aka kafa a saman da aka yi amfani da shi. An yi amfani da haƙoran da aka cire bayan samun izini a rubuce wanda majiyyaci ya sanya wa hannu. Haƙoran sun haɗa da incisors na maxillary da na mandibular da kuma premolars na mandibular. An yi wa saman tushen da curette magani kuma an yi wa dukkan haƙoran magani a saman da kashi 0.5% na NaOCl na tsawon awanni 24 sannan a adana su a cikin ruwan gishiri mai tsafta har sai an yi amfani da su. An cire kambin da faifan lu'u-lu'u mai aminci kuma an daidaita tsawon haƙorin zuwa 16 mm daga saman zuwa gefen coronal. 24,25 Dangane da maganin kurkura, an raba haƙoran zuwa ƙungiyoyi masu zuwa:
(A) An wanke samfuran rukuni (n=24) da Chx.HCl nanoemulsion. Ƙananan rukuni (I) (n=12) an wanke samfuran tare da 5 ml Chx.HCl nanoemulsion 0.75%. Ƙananan rukuni (II) (n=12) an wanke samfuran tare da 5 ml na 1.6% Chx.HCl nanoemulsion. (B) Za a wanke rukuni (n=24) na samfuran tare da 5 ml 2% Chx.HCl girman barbashi na yau da kullun. Ƙungiyar sarrafawa: (n=2) an wanke da 5 ml na gishiri ba tare da kunnawa ba.
An zaɓi haƙoran ɗan adam guda 44 marasa kama da ciwon daji waɗanda aka samo daga tushe ɗaya. Haƙoran sun haɗa da incisors na maxillary da na mandibular da kuma premolars na mandibular. An yi wa saman tushen magani da curette kuma an yi wa dukkan haƙoran magani a saman a cikin 0.5% NaOCl na tsawon awanni 24 sannan a adana su a cikin ruwan gishiri mai tsafta har sai an yi amfani da su. An cire kambin da faifan lu'u-lu'u mai aminci kuma an daidaita tsawon haƙorin zuwa 16 mm daga kololuwa zuwa gefen coronal. 24,25,29
Shirya babban fayil ɗin apical size 50 ta amfani da hanyoyin da aka saba. Yi amfani da saline mai tsafta a matsayin abin ban ruwa yayin tiyata. A ƙarshe, an wanke tushen magudanar ruwa da 2 ml na 17% EDTA na minti 1 don cire layin shafawa. An rufe dukkan saman tushen, gami da saman apical foramen na kowane samfurin, da fenti biyu na goge farce (cyanoacrylate manne) don hana zubewa. Sannan ana sanya haƙoran a tsaye a cikin wani toshe na tartar don sauƙin sarrafawa da gano su. 29-33 An rufe samfuran a 121ºC da 15 psi na minti 20. Bayan an tsaftace su, an jigilar duk samfuran kuma an sarrafa su a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsafta ta amfani da kayan aiki marasa tsafta. An gurɓata hanyoyin tushen da ingantaccen al'adar Enterococcus faecalis (nau'in ATCC 29212) da aka girma a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace na zuciya (BHI) na tsawon awanni 24 a zafin jiki na 37°C. Ta amfani da micropipette mai tsafta, a yi allurar E. faecalis inoculum a cikin tushen dukkan haƙoran da aka shirya. Sannan aka sanya tubalan a cikin beakers na halitta sannan aka sanya su a zafin digiri 37 na Celsius na tsawon awanni 24. 31, 34, 35
(A) An wanke samfuran rukuni (n=24) da Chx.HCl nanoemulsion. An wanke samfuran rukuni (I) (n=12) da 5 ml na Chx.HCl nanoemulsion 0.75%. Ƙananan rukuni (II) (n=12) sun wanke samfuran da 5 ml na Chx.HCl nanoemulsion 1.6%.
Ƙungiyar Kulawa: tabbataccen iko, (n=4) an wanke tushen da ya gurɓata da ruwan gishiri mai milimita 5 kuma an ajiye shi azaman tabbataccen iko. Maganin Negative: (n=4) Ba a yi allurar samfurin da maganin dakatarwa ba, watau tushen canal bai gurɓata da E. faecalis ba, kuma an ajiye shi a matsayin amintaccen iko don tabbatar da tsaftacewa da amincin aikin. Yi amfani da maganin wanke-wanke na gwaji na milimita 5 a cikin kowane samfurin. Sannan an wanke kowane samfurin da ruwa mai tsafta 1 ml.
Ana amfani da tip ɗin takarda mai girman 35 mai tsafta don tattara samfura daga tushen magudanar ruwa. An saka tip ɗin takarda a cikin bututun zuwa tsawon aiki, an bar shi na daƙiƙa 10, sannan aka mayar da shi zuwa faranti na agar don tantance adadin raka'o'in samar da colony (CFU) a kowace faranti. An saka faranti a zafin jiki na 37ºC na tsawon awanni 24 sannan aka tantance su da ido don ganin girman ƙwayoyin cuta. Faranti mai haske yana nuna cikakken tsaftacewa. Ana ɗaukar faranti masu duhu suna nuna ci gaba mai kyau. An ƙayyade matsakaicin adadin CFUs a cikin yankin girma na ƙwayoyin cuta a kowace tasa kuma an ƙididdige adadin CFUs. Ana auna waɗanda suka tsira da farko da ƙididdigewa masu kyau akan faranti masu digo. Bugu da ƙari, an yi amfani da kofin zuba don ƙididdige ƙananan CFUs, kuma an yi amfani da dilution zuwa 106 don ƙididdige manyan CFUs. 36.37
Shirya bututun da ke ɗauke da 15 ml na ruwan agar da aka narke wanda aka riga aka narkar da shi a cikin wani maganin autoclave a ranar da aka yi gwajin. Enterococcus faecalis wani nau'in kwayar cuta ce ta anaerobic mai inganci ta Gram-positive wadda za ta iya rayuwa a yanayin pH mai yawa, acidity da kuma yanayin zafi mai yawa. An shirya samfuran ƙwayoyin cuta 39 (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) ta hanyar haɗa ƙwayoyin cuta daga ƙwayoyin cuta da ruwan saline mai tsafta. Sannan an narkar da samfuran ƙwayoyin cuta da ruwan saline don daidaita McFarland 0.5, daidai da 108 CFU/mL. Ƙarar samfurin da aka ƙara shine 10 µl. 39 An shirya daidaitaccen turbidity (McFarland 0.5)40 ta hanyar zuba 0.6 ml na maganin barium chloride dihydrate 1% (10 g/l) a cikin silinda mai digiri 100 ml sannan a cika shi da 100 ml da 1% (10 g/l) sulfuric acid. An sanya ma'aunin turbidity a cikin bututu iri ɗaya da samfuran ruwan miya kuma an adana su a zafin ɗaki na tsawon watanni 6 a cikin duhu kuma an rufe su don hana ƙafewa. Buɗe murfin farantin Petri mara komai kuma a zuba samfurin a tsakiyar farantin. Idan agar ɗin ya taurare gaba ɗaya, juya farantin kuma a saka shi a zafin 37°C na tsawon awanni 24.
An tattara dukkan bayanai, an tsara su a jere, sannan aka yi musu nazarin kididdiga. An yi nazarin kididdiga ta amfani da IBM® SPSS® Statistical Version 17 don Windows (SPSS Inc., IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, Amurka).
An yi nazarin yadda Chx.HCl ke narkewa a matakai daban-daban na mai, maganin surfactant, maganin co-surfactant, da ruwa. Chx.Hcl yana da mafi girman narkewa a cikin Labrafil M da mafi ƙarancin narkewa a cikin oleic acid. Mafi girman narkewar magani a cikin matakin mai yana da mahimmanci ga nanoemulsions saboda nanoemulsions suna iya kiyaye maganin a cikin nau'in narkewa, ma'ana cewa mafi girman narkewar magani a cikin mai yana haifar da ƙarancin mai a cikin tsarin kuma don haka ƙarancin magani. Ana buƙatar wani adadin surfactant da co-surfactant don fitar da digo na mai.
An gina zane mai siffar ƙwallo sau uku don fayyace yankunan nanoemulsion da kuma inganta yawan mai da aka zaɓa, surfactants, da ƙarin surfactants (Labrafil M, Tween 80, Tween 20, da propylene glycol, bi da bi). Chx.Hcl yana nuna ƙarancin narkewa a cikin oleic acid, wanda ke haifar da gajimare lokacin da aka sanya oleic acid a cikin digo na farko na ruwa. Saboda haka, an cire tsarin oleic acid daga wannan binciken. An shirya wasu tsari ta amfani da cakuda mai da surfactant na pH da ƙarfin ionic na 1:9, don haka an zaɓi waɗannan surfactants.
Duk dabarun da aka shirya a bayyane suke sai dai Tsarin F2, wanda ya bayyana a sarari kuma saboda haka aka cire shi daga ƙarin nazarin kimantawa.
Tsarin nanoemulsion mai kyau yakamata ya sami damar warwatsewa gaba ɗaya da sauri lokacin da aka narkar da shi da ɗanɗanon tashin hankali. Tsarin nanoemulsion na Chx.HCl ya nuna ɗan gajeren lokacin emulsification, daga daƙiƙa 1.67 zuwa 12.33. Tsakanin 80 yana da mafi ƙarancin lokacin emulsification. Ana iya bayanin wannan ta hanyar ƙarfin narkewa mafi girma na Tween 80. Lokacin emulsification kai yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙaruwar yawan surfactant, wanda wataƙila ya faru ne saboda ƙaruwar danko na tsarin a ƙarƙashin aikin surfactant.
Girman digo na emulsion yana ƙayyade saurin da girman sakin magani. Ƙaramin girman digo na emulsion yana haifar da ɗan gajeren lokacin emulsion da ƙarin yankin saman don shan magani. Matsakaicin girman digo na abubuwan da aka zaɓa na Chx.HCl nanoemulsion sune 711±0.44, 587±15.3, 10.97±0.11, 16.43±4.55, da 12.18±2.48, kuma PDI shine 0.76, 0.19, 0.61, 0.47 da 0.76 ga F1, F2., F3 da 0.16 bi da bi F4, F5 da F6. Tsarin da ke ɗauke da Tween 80 a matsayin surfactant ya nuna ƙananan spherulites. Wannan yana iya zama saboda ƙarfinsa na emulsifying. Ƙananan ƙimar PDI yana nuna rarrabawar girman tsarin da ke da kunkuntar. Waɗannan sinadaran suna da kamanni mai tsabta saboda ɗigon ɗigon su ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da tsawon hasken da ake iya gani (390-750 nm) wanda ƙaramin watsawar haske ke faruwa. 41
A hoto na 2 ya nuna kashi na Chx.HCl da aka fitar daga cikin tsarin da aka tsara. Cikakken sakin maganin daga cikin tsarin da aka shirya na Chx.HCl nanoemulsion ya kasance daga mintuna 2 zuwa 7. An lura cewa an sami mafi girman adadin sakin magani a cikin yanayin tsarin Chx.HCl F6 nanoemulsion (minti 2), wanda zai iya kasancewa saboda kasancewar Tween 80, wanda ya nuna babban matakin emulsification, da kuma sakamakon nanoemulsion. yana samar da babban yanki na fili don sakin magani, wanda ke ba da damar ƙaruwar yawan sakin magani. A lokaci guda, halayen narkewar propylene glycol suna ba da damar narkewar mai yawa na hydrophilic surfactants a cikin mai. 40
An gano cewa sakin Chx.HCl a cikin vitro yana bin wani tsari na kinetic daban, kuma babu wani tsari na kinetic da zai iya nuna sakin magani daga tsarin nanoemulsion da aka shirya daban-daban. Sakin kinetic na magungunan F4 shine tsarin kinetics na farko, wanda ke nufin cewa ana sakin su gwargwadon adadin maganin da ya rage a cikinsu. 42 Sakin kinetic na wasu magunguna ya yi daidai da tsarin yaduwar Higuasha, wanda ya nuna cewa adadin maganin da aka saki yayi daidai da tushen murabba'in na jimlar narkewar magani da magani a cikin nanoemulsion. 42
An yi amfani da hanyoyin da aka zaɓa wajen daidaita yanayin zafi ta hanyar gwajin damuwa ta amfani da zagayowar sanyaya zafi, zagayowar centrifugation da daskare-narkewa. An lura cewa hanyoyin F3 da F4 sun nuna hazo na maganin bayan zagayowar narkewar ruwa, yayin da F1 ya nuna kauri (gelling). F5 da F6 sun wuce zagayen centrifugation mai ci gaba, gwajin sanyaya zafi da gwajin narke-narkewa. Nanoemulsions tsarin thermodynamics ne da aka samar a wasu tarin mai, surfactant da ruwa ba tare da rabuwar lokaci ba, emulsification ko fashewa. Daidaiton zafi ne ke bambanta nanoemulsions daga emulsions, waɗanda suke da daidaiton motsi kuma daga ƙarshe za su rabu zuwa matakai. 19 F3 ya nuna girman barbashi mafi girma (587 nm) fiye da sauran hanyoyin, wanda zai iya bayyana rabuwar lokaci da hazo na magani a gwaje-gwajen daidaiton thermodynamic. F4 ya ƙunshi Tween 80 kuma babu wani co-surfactant da ya nuna hazo na magani, wannan na iya nuna buƙatar amfani da propylene glycol da Tween 80 don inganta daidaiton hanyoyin nanoemulsion. F1 wanda ke ɗauke da Tween 20 ba tare da ƙarin surfactant ba ya nuna kauri (gelling), wanda hakan ke nuna ƙaruwar danko ko ƙarfi a cikin gel saboda tarin ɗigon ruwa.
Sakamakon kwanciyar hankali ya nuna muhimmancin kasancewar ƙarin propylene glycol surfactant don ƙara yaɗuwar barbashi da kuma hana ruwan sama na magani. 43 F6 shine mafi kyawun tsari saboda ƙaramin girman barbashi (12.18 nm), ɗan gajeren lokacin emulsification (daƙiƙa 1.67) da kuma saurin narkewa bayan mintuna 2. An gano cewa tsarin thermodynamic/physical ne kuma saboda haka aka zaɓi shi don ƙarin bincike.
Rashin nasara bayan maganin tushen ramin yana ƙara yawaita, ma'ana marasa lafiya suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka masu rikitarwa. 44,45 Dole ne a cire Biofilm yayin tsaftacewa da cike tushen ramin. 46,47 Saboda sarkakiyar tsarin tushen ramin, yana da wuya a cire tushen ƙwayoyin cuta gaba ɗaya ta amfani da kayan aiki da ban ruwa kawai. 48 Ingancin maganin wanke tushen ramin ya dogara ne akan shigar mai ban ruwa cikin DT da tsawon lokacin da zai ɗauka ga ƙwayoyin cuta. 49 Saboda haka, an gwada sabbin hanyoyin tsaftace tushen ramin sosai. Kurkukun gargajiya ba sa kawar da E. faecalis gaba ɗaya saboda ƙarancin shigar DT.50.
Matsakaicin ƙarfin tsaftacewa na kurkurewar nanoemulsion shine 2001.47 µm2, kuma matsakaicin girman barbashi na taimakon kurkurewar shine 2609.56 µm. Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin wanke nanoemulsion da wankewar girman barbashi na yau da kullun shine 608.09 µm2. Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) tsakanin masu ban ruwa na nanoemulsion da masu ban ruwa na girman barbashi na yau da kullun tare da (P-darajar 0.00052). Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) tsakanin masu ban ruwa na nanoemulsion da masu ban ruwa na girman barbashi na yau da kullun tare da (P-darajar 0.00052). Между Между иррригационныmy растворами наноэмульсии статистически высокозначимая (P<0,001) разница (значение P 0,00052). Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) (ƙimar P 0.00052) tsakanin masu ba da ruwa na nanoemulsion da masu ba da ruwa na yau da kullun.纳米乳液冲洗剂和正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的差异（P<0.001（ 0.00052.纳米乳液冲洗剂和正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的差异（P<0.001（ 0.00052. Между ополаскивателем с наноэмульсией разница (P<0,0001) (значение P 0,00052). Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.0001) tsakanin kurkura nanoemulsion da kurkura na yau da kullun (ƙimar P 0.00052).Nanoemulsion ya nuna bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga idan aka kwatanta da kayan da aka saba da su na girman barbashi, yana nuna matsakaicin matsakaicin yankin saman tarkacen da suka rage, watau kayan nanoemulsion suna da mafi kyawun ikon tsaftacewa, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 3.
Hoto na 3. Kwatanta aikin tsaftacewa na kayan aikin wankewa: (A) da aka kunna laser na Nano CHX, (B) da aka kunna laser na CHX, (C) da PUI Nano CHX, (D) ba tare da kunna Nano CHX ba, (E) ba tare da kunna CHX ba, da (F) ) kunna CHX PUI.
Matsakaicin faɗin saman sauran gutsuttsuran Chx.HCl 1.6% shine 2320.36 µm2, kuma matsakaicin yankin saman Chx.HCl 2% shine 2949.85 µm2. Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) tsakanin yawan ruwan ban ruwa na nanoemulsion da kuma ruwan ban ruwa na yau da kullun (P-value 0.00000). Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) tsakanin yawan ruwan ban ruwa na nanoemulsion da kuma ruwan ban ruwa na yau da kullun (P-value 0.00000). Наблюдалась статистичесky высокозначимая (P<0,001) разница между ирригационных растворов и ирригационными растворами с нормальным размером частиц (значение P 0,00000). Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) tsakanin yawan ruwan ban ruwa na nanoemulsion da ruwan ban ruwa na yau da kullun (ƙimar P 0.00000).较高浓度的纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显上高度显着的（1P. 0.00000.较高浓度的纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学显着的差异（1<0.0.0. Наблюдалась статистически очень значимая разница (P<0,001) между наноэмульсией и ополаскивателя с нормальным размером частиц (значение P 0,00000). Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) tsakanin yawan ruwan wankewar nanoemulsion da ruwan wankewar girman barbashi na yau da kullun (ƙimar P 0.00000).Duk da cewa yawan ruwan ban ruwa na nanoemulsion ya yi ƙasa da na ruwan ban ruwa na yau da kullun, wannan ƙaramin yawan ruwan ya fi tasiri sosai wajen cire tarkace kuma ya fi tasiri wajen tsaftace hanyoyin tushen ruwa.
PUI yana da bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (p <0.001) idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin kunnawa. PUI yana da bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (p <0.001) idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin kunnawa. PUI имел статистически высокозначимую разницу (p<0,001) по сравнению. PUI yana da bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (p <0.001) idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin kunnawa.与其他激活方法相比，PUI 具有统计学上非常显着的差异(p<0.001)。与其他激活方法相比，PUI 具有统计学上非常显着的差异(p<0.001)。 По сравнению с другими методами активации PUI имел статистически очень значимую разницу (p<0,001). Idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin kunnawa, PUI yana da bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (p <0.001).Tare da kunna ISP, matsakaicin yankin da ya rage na tarkacen ya kasance 1695.31 µm2. Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin PUI da Laser shine 987.89929 wanda ya nuna babban bambanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) da (p-value 0.00000). Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin PUI da Laser shine 987.89929 wanda ya nuna babban bambanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) da (p-value 0.00000). Средня разница между PUI и Laser составила 987,89929, демонстрируя 0,00000). Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin PUI da Laser shine 987.89929, yana nuna bambanci mai mahimmanci (P<0.001) daga (p-value 0.00000). PUI 和 Laser 之间的平均差异为987.89929，显示出高度统计学显着性(P<0.001) 差异(p 000.0).PUI da Laser Средня разница между PUI и Laser составила 987,89929, что свидетельствует (p-значение 0,00000). Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin PUI da Laser shine 987.89929, wanda ke nuna babban bambanci na ƙididdiga (P<0.001) (p-value 0.00000). Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin PUI da rashin kunnawa shine 712.40643 wanda ke nuna bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) tare da ƙimar p na 0.00098). Amfani da ko dai kunna Laser ko rashin kunnawa bai bambanta sosai a kididdiga ba (P>0.05) tare da ƙimar P na 0.451211. Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin PUI da rashin kunnawa shine 712.40643 wanda ke nuna bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) tare da ƙimar p na 0.00098). ƙimar P na 0.451211. Седняя разница между PUI и отсутствием активации составила 712,40643 разницу с p-значением 0,00098). Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin PUI da rashin kunnawa shine 712.40643, yana nuna bambanci mai mahimmanci (P<0.001) tare da ƙimar p na 0.00098).Darajar P 0.451211. PUI 和未激活之间的平均差异为712.40643，显示高度统计学显着性差异(P<0.001)),p 8.0.0PUI Средня разница между PUI и инактивацией составила 712,40643, что свидетельствует (P <0,001, p-значение 0,00098). Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin PUI da rashin kunnawa shine 712.40643, wanda ke nuna babban mahimmancin ƙididdiga na bambancin (P<0.001, ƙimar p 0.00098).使用激光激活或不激活在统计学上没有显着差异(P>0.05) P 值为0.451211.使用激光激活或不激活在统计学上没有显着差异(P>0.05) P 值为0.451211. Статистически значимой разницы (P>0,05) с лазерной активацией или без нее было со значением P 0,451211 Babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P>0.05) tare da ko ba tare da kunna laser ba tare da ƙimar P ta 0.451211.Matsakaicin yankin saman sauran gutsuttsuran bayan kunna laser shine 2683.21 µm2. Matsakaicin yankin saman sauran gutsuttsuran ba tare da kunnawa ba shine 2407.72 µm2. Idan aka kwatanta da kunna laser ko babu kunnawa, PUI yana da ƙaramin yanki na saman guntu a kididdiga, wato mafi kyawun ƙarfin tsaftacewa.
Matsakaicin ƙarfin tsaftacewa na kurkurewar nanoemulsion shine 2001.47 µm2, kuma matsakaicin girman barbashi na taimakon kurkurewar shine 2609.56 µm. Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin wanke nanoemulsion da wankewar girman barbashi na yau da kullun shine 608.09 µm2. Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) tsakanin masu ban ruwa na nanoemulsion da masu ban ruwa na girman barbashi na yau da kullun tare da (ƙimar P 0.00052). Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) tsakanin masu ban ruwa na nanoemulsion da masu ban ruwa na girman barbashi na yau da kullun tare da (ƙimar P 0.00052). Между Между ирригационныmy растворами наноэмульсии высокозначимая (P<0,001) разница (значение P 0,00052). Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) (ƙimar P 0.00052) tsakanin masu ba da ruwa na nanoemulsion da masu ba da ruwa na yau da kullun.纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的差异（P<0.0001（P<0.001（ P<0.001) (P值0.00052) Между ополаскивателем с наноэмульсией разница (P<0,0001) (значение P 0,00052). Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.0001) tsakanin kurkura nanoemulsion da kurkura na yau da kullun (ƙimar P 0.00052).Idan aka kwatanta da kayan da aka saba da girman barbashi, nanoemulsion yana da bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga, yana nuna ƙarancin matsakaicin yankin saman tarkacen da suka rage, watau kayan Nanoemulsion yana da ingantaccen ikon tsaftacewa kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 3.
Matsakaicin faɗin saman sauran gutsuttsuran Chx.HCl 1.6% shine 2320.36 µm2, kuma matsakaicin yankin saman Chx.HCl 2% shine 2949.85 µm2. Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) tsakanin yawan ruwan ban ruwa na nanoemulsion da kuma ruwan ban ruwa na yau da kullun (P-value 0.00000). Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) tsakanin yawan ruwan ban ruwa na nanoemulsion da kuma ruwan ban ruwa na yau da kullun (P-value 0.00000). Имелась статистически высокодостоверная (P<0,001) разница между средств и ирригационными растворами с нормальным размером частиц (значение P 0,00000). Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) tsakanin yawan ruwan ban ruwa na nanoemulsion da ruwan ban ruwa na yau da kullun (ƙimar P 0.00000).较高浓度的纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的差异（P<0.001）（P值0.00000）。较高浓度的纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的差异（P<0.001）（P000 Наблюдалась статистически высокозначимая разница (P <0,001) наноэмульсией и ополаскивателем с нормальным размером частиц (значение P 0,00000). Akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P < 0.001) tsakanin yawan ruwan wankewar nanoemulsion da ruwan wankewar girman barbashi na yau da kullun (ƙimar P 0.00000).Duk da cewa yawan ruwan ban ruwa na nanoemulsion ya yi ƙasa da na ruwan ban ruwa na yau da kullun, wannan ƙaramin yawan ruwan ya fi tasiri sosai wajen cire tarkace kuma ya fi tasiri wajen tsaftace hanyoyin tushen ruwa.
PUI yana da babban bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (p <0.001) idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin kunnawa. PUI yana da babban bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (p <0.001) idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin kunnawa. PUI имел статистически высокую значимую разницу (p<0,001) по сравнению PUI yana da bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (p <0.001) idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin kunnawa.与其他激活方法相比，PUI 具有统计学上的显着差异(p<0.001)。 Idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin kunnawa, PUI yana da bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (p <0.001). PUI статистически значимо отличался (p<0,001) по сравнению с другими методами активации. PUI ya bambanta sosai a kididdiga (p <0.001) idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin kunnawa.A lokacin kunna PUI, matsakaicin yankin ragowar tarkacen saman shine 1695.31 μm2. Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin PUI da Laser shine 987.89929 wanda ya nuna babban bambanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) da (p-value 0.00000). Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin PUI da babu kunnawa shine 712.40643 wanda ya nuna babban bambanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) da (p-value 0.00098). Amfani da ko dai kunna Laser ko babu kunnawa bai bambanta sosai da (P>0.05) da (P-value 0.451211). Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin PUI da Laser shine 987.89929 wanda ya nuna babban bambanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) da (p-value 0.00000). Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin PUI da rashin kunnawa shine 712.40643 wanda ya nuna babban bambanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) da (p-value 0.00098). Amfani da ko dai kunna Laser ko rashin kunnawa bai bambanta ba a kididdiga (P>0.05) da (P-value 0.451211). Средняя разница между PUI и лазером составила 987,89929, 0,00000). Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin PUI da laser shine 987.89929, yana nuna bambanci mai mahimmanci (P<0.001) tare da (p-value 0.00000). - значение 0,00098) .Использование с (P-значение 0,451211). - darajar 0.00098). Amfani da kunna laser ko rashin kunnawa yana da bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P>0.05) tare da (P-darajar 0.451211). PUI 和激光之间的平均差异为987.89929，与(p 值0.00000) 差异具有高度统计学意.00(1) Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin PUI da laser shine 987.89929, kuma bambancin (p 值0.00000) yana da babban mahimmancin ƙididdiga (P <0.001). Средня разница между PUI и лазером составила 987,89929, что было высоко статистически значимым (P<0,0001) . Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin PUI da laser shine 987.89929, wanda yake da matuƙar muhimmanci a kididdiga (P<0.001) tare da (ƙimar p 0.00000). PUI 与未激活之间的平均差异为712.40643，与(p) 差异具有高度统计学意义(P<0.0081) Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin PUI da rashin aiki shine 712.40643, kuma bambancin (p) yana da babban mahimmancin ƙididdiga (P<0.001) - ƙimar 0.00098. Средня разница между PUI и инактивацией составила 712,40643. 0,00098). Matsakaicin bambanci tsakanin PUI da rashin kunnawa shine 712.40643, wanda yake da matuƙar muhimmanci a kididdiga tare da bambanci (p) (P<0.001 – darajar 0.00098).使用激光激活或不激活没有显着统计学差异(P>0.05) 与(P 值0.451211)。 Babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin kunna laser da rashin kunnawa (P>0.05) da (P 值0.451211). Не было статистически значимой разницы (P>0,05) по сравнению с (значение P 0,451211) с Babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a kididdiga (P>0.05) idan aka kwatanta da (ƙimar P 0.451211) tare da ko ba tare da kunna laser ba.Matsakaicin yankin saman sauran gutsuttsuran yayin kunna laser shine 2683.21 μm2. Matsakaicin yankin saman sauran gutsuttsuran ba tare da kunnawa ba shine 2407.72 μm2. Idan aka kwatanta da kunna laser ko babu kunnawa, PUI yana da ƙaramin yanki na saman guntu a kididdiga, watau ingantaccen ikon tsaftacewa.
Matsakaicin tasirin kurkurewar nanoemulsion akan cire tarkace ya fi na kurkurewar girman barbashi na yau da kullun girma. Chx.HCl 1.6%, PUI 1938.77 µm2, 2510.96 µm2 tare da laser. Ba tare da kunnawa ba, matsakaicin ƙimar shine 2511.34 µm2. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da 2% Chx.HCl kuma aka kunna shi da laser, sakamakon shine mafi muni kuma adadin tarkace ya kasance mafi girma. An sami sakamako iri ɗaya lokacin da ba a kunna 0.75% Chx.HCl ba. Babu shakka, an sami mafi kyawun sakamako ta amfani da babban adadin taimakon kurkure a cikin nanoemulsion. PUI ya fi tasiri wajen kunna ban ruwa da kuma fitar da tarkace, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 3A-F)).
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Jadawali na 2, Chx.HCl nanoemulsion ya yi aiki mafi kyau fiye da ƙwayoyin cuta na yau da kullun dangane da adadin ƙwayoyin cuta masu yuwuwa kuma yana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da tsarin shigar ciki da tasirin tsarkakewa bisa ga sigogi masu zuwa: girma, yawan sinadarin flushing da hanyar kunnawa.
Ana iya lalata ƙwayoyin cuta gaba ɗaya ta hanyar amfani da ƙarin yawan taimakon kurkura. Ko da tare da kunna PUI, 0.75% Chx.HCl yana da mummunan tasirin maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Kunna Laser yana da mummunan tasiri akan kurkura nano-emulsion. Kamar yadda aka gani daga duk sakamakon da suka gabata, amfani da Laser yana rage ingancin Chx.HCl 0.75% nanoemulsion, inda CFU na nanoChx.HCl 0.75% shine 195, wanda yake da ƙima sosai, yana nuna cewa abubuwan da ke cikin wannan yawan suna kama da kunna Laser. Lasers na Diode suna da hasken rana, don haka ko dai haske ko zafi na iya sa nanoemulsion ya rasa tasirinsa na kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Sakamakon yawan yawan shine halakar ƙwayoyin cuta gaba ɗaya. Nano Chx.HCl 1.6% ya nuna mummunan haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta a gaban kunna Laser, wanda ke nufin cewa laser bai shafi ikon kashe ƙwayoyin cuta na nano Chx.HCl 1.6% ba. Za a iya kammala da cewa kayan nanoemulsion tare da babban yawan yana da ingantaccen tasirin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta.
A cikin wannan aikin, an shirya Chx.HCl nanoemulsions ta amfani da mai daban-daban guda biyu, surfactants guda biyu da kuma co-surfactant, an zaɓi mafi kyawun tsari (F6) tare da ƙaramin girman barbashi, ɗan gajeren lokacin emulsification da babban saurin narkewa). Bugu da ƙari, an gwada (F6) don kwanciyar hankali na thermodynamic/physical. A cikin Chx.HCl nanoemulsion a cikin taro na 1.6%, Chx.HCl nanoemulsion ya nuna mafi kyawun iska a cikin tubules na haƙori idan aka kwatanta da Chx.HCl na gargajiya a matsayin ruwan kurkura, kuma PUI a matsayin hanyar kunnawa yana da ikon tsarkakewa. Bugu da ƙari, nazarin ƙwayoyin cuta na Chx.HCl nanoemulsion ya nuna kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta gaba ɗaya. Sakamakon ya tabbatar da hakan. Ana iya ɗaukar Chx.HCl nanoemulsion a matsayin ruwan wankewa mai kyau.
Muna matukar godiya ga ma'aikatan dakin gwaje-gwaje na Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Misr saboda goyon bayan da suka bayar.