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Ukwakhiwa kunye nokuchazwa kwe-chlorhexidine hydrochloride nanoemulsion njenge-antibacterial root canal irrigant ethembisayo: izifundo ze-in vitro kunye ne-ex vivo
作者 Abdelmonem R., Younis MK, Hassan DH, El-Sayed Ahmed MAEG, Hassanien E., El-Batuti K., Elfaham A.
URehab Abdelmonem, 1 Mona K. Younis, 1 Doaa H. Hassan, 1 Mohamed Abd El-Gawad El-Sayed Ahmed, 2 Ehab Hassanein, 3 Kariem El-Batuti, 3 Alaa Elfaham 31 Isayensi neTekhnoloji, Isebe leKhemesti kunye neKhemesti yoShishino, iYunivesithi yaseMisr, 6 Okthobha City, eJiphutha; 2 Isebe leMicrobiology kunye ne-Immunology, Isebe leKhemesti, iYunivesithi yaseMisr yeSayensi neTekhnoloji, 6 Okthobha, eJiphutha; 3 Isebe le-Endodontics, iYunivesithi yaseAin Shams, eCairo, eJiphutha Intshayelelo kunye nenjongo: I-Chlorine hexidine hydrochloride [Chx.HCl] inomsebenzi obanzi wokulwa neentsholongwane, isenzo esinde kunye nobuthi obuphantsi, ngoko ke iyacetyiswa njengesixhobo sokunkcenkceshela umjelo weengcambu. Injongo yolu phononongo yayikukusebenzisa umxube omtsha we-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion ukwandisa amandla okungena, ukucoca kunye nesenzo sokulwa neentsholongwane se-Chx.HCl kwaye uyisebenzise njengesixhobo sokunkcenkceshela umjelo weengcambu. Iindlela: Ii-nanoemulsion ze-Chx.HCl zalungiswa kusetyenziswa iioyile ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: i-oleic acid kunye ne-Labrafil M1944CS, ii-surfactants ezimbini, i-Tween 20 kunye ne-Tween 80, kunye ne-co-surfactant, i-propylene glycol. Cwangcisa umzobo wesigaba se-pseudo-ternary ukubonisa inkqubo efanelekileyo. Iifomyula ze-nanoemulsion ezilungisiweyo zavavanywa kumxholo weyeza, ixesha le-emulsification, ukusasazeka, ubungakanani be-droplet, ukukhululwa kweyeza kwi-vitro, uzinzo lwe-thermodynamic, umsebenzi we-antibacterial kwi-vitro, kunye nezifundo ze-in vitro zeefomyula ezikhethiweyo. Isenzo sokungena, ukucoca kunye nokulwa ne-antibacterial se-Chx.HCl 0.75% kunye ne-1.6% nanoemulsion sithelekiswe nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo be-particle njenge-root canal irrigant. Iziphumo. Ifomyula ekhethiweyo yayiyi-F6 ene-2% ye-Labrafil, i-12% ye-Tween 80 kunye ne-6% ye-propylene glycol. Ubungakanani be-particle obuncinci (12.18 nm), ixesha elifutshane le-emulsification (imizuzwana eyi-1.67) kunye nokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza emva kwemizuzu emi-2. Kufunyenwe ukuba yinkqubo ezinzileyo ngokwe-thermodynamics/ngokomzimba. Xa kuthelekiswa nobukhulu be-particle ye-Chx.HCl eqhelekileyo, uxinaniso oluphezulu lwe-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl eyi-1.6% lubonakalise ukungena ngcono ngenxa yobukhulu be-particle obuncinci. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinto eziqhelekileyo ze-particle (2609.56 µm2), i-nanoemulsion ye-1.6% ye-Chx.HCl inomphezulu omncinci ophakathi we-residual debris (2001.47 µm2). Isiphelo: Ukwakheka kwe-Nanoemulsion i-Chx.HCl inamandla okucoca ngcono kunye ne-antibacterial action. Inamandla okubulala iintsholongwane asebenzayo kakhulu kwi-Enterococcus faecalis, kwaye izinga lokuqiniswa kweeseli zebhaktheriya liphezulu okanye litshatyalalisiwe ngokupheleleyo. Amagama aphambili: i-chlorhexidine hydrochloride, i-nanoemulsion, i-root canal irrigant, i-penetration, i-cleaning effect, i-antibacterial irrigant.
IiNanoemulsions, udidi lwee-emulsions ezinobukhulu bamaconsi aphakathi kwe-50–500 nm, zifumene ingqwalasela enkulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezizodwa. Iimpawu ezilungileyo zokucoca, azichaphazeleki bubunzima bamanzi, kwiimeko ezininzi zinetyhefu ephantsi kunye nokungabikho kokunxibelelana kwe-electrostatic. 2 I-Nanotechnology inobukhulu obuncinci kakhulu be-particle, umlinganiselo omkhulu womphezulu ukuya kubunzima kunye neempawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali ezizodwa xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso ezifanayo ezinkulu, kwaye ikwavula imibono emitsha kunyango kunye nokuthintela usulelo lwamazinyo. 3 I-Chlorhexidine hydrochloride (Chx.HCl) inyibilika kancinci emanzini, inyibilika kancinci kakhulu kwi-alcohol kwaye ingcola kancinci ekukhanyeni. 4.5 SH. I-HCl ine-spectrum ebanzi ye-antibacterial action, isenzo esihlala ixesha elide kunye netyhefu ephantsi. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, ikwacetyiswa njengesixhobo sokunkcenkceshela i-root canal. Iingenelo eziphambili ze-Chx.HCl zi-cytotoxicity ephantsi, akukho vumba kwaye akukho ncasa ingathandekiyo. 6-9 Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-laser zisetyenzisiwe ukuphucula ukubulala iintsholongwane kwi-root canal. Isiphumo sokubulala iintsholongwane seeleser sixhomekeke kubude be-wavelength kunye namandla, kunye nokuvezwa kubushushu, okubangela utshintsho eludongeni lweseli yebhaktheriya, okukhokelela kutshintsho kwi-osmotic gradient ukuya ekufeni kweseli. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kweeeleser kunye neengcambu zomjelo wokunkcenkceshela kuvula iindawo ezintsha ekucoceni i-pulp. 10 Amandla e-Ultrasonic avelisa amaza aphezulu kodwa amanqanaba aphantsi. Ezi fayile zenzelwe ukuba zijikeleze rhoqo kwi-ultrasound frequency ye-25–30 kHz, engaphaya komda wokuqonda komntu okuvakalayo (>20 kHz). Ezi fayile zenzelwe ukuba zijikeleze rhoqo kwi-ultrasound frequency ye-25–30 kHz, engaphaya komda wokuqonda komntu okuvakalayo (>20 kHz). Файлы предназначены для колебаний на ультразвуковых частотах 25–30 кГц, которые находятся за пределами слухового воспория Господь. Iifayile zenzelwe ukungcangcazela kwiifrikhwensi ze-ultrasonic ze-25-30 kHz, ezingaphaya komlinganiselo wokuva komntu (> 20 kHz).這些文件被设计成在25–30 kHz 的超声波频率下振荡，這超出了人类听觉感知的极限(>20 kHz).這些文件被设计成在 25–30 kHz Файлы рассчитаны на колебания на ультразвуковых частотах 25–30 кГц, что выходит за пределы слухового восприятия человека (>). Ezi fayile zenzelwe ukungcangcazela kwi-ultrasound frequency ye-25-30 kHz, engaphaya kwemida yokuva komntu (>20 kHz).Zisebenza ngokushukuma okunqamlezileyo, zibeka iindlela eziphawulekayo zamaqhina kunye nama-antinode kubude bazo. Igama elithi "i-passive ultrasonic irrigation" (PUI) liyinkqubo yokunkcenkceshela apho kungekho zixhobo okanye iindonga zidibana neefayile okanye izixhobo ze-endodontic. Ngexesha le-PUI, amandla e-ultrasound adluliselwa kwifayile engcangcazelayo ukuya kwisisombululo sokunkcenkceshela kwi-root canal. Esi sibini sinokubangela ukuhamba kwe-sonic kunye ne-cavitation ye-agent yokuhlambulula. 11 Ngokusekelwe kwidatha engentla, kuthathwa njengokufanelekileyo ukusebenzisa i-nanotechnology ukuvavanya isenzo esiphuculweyo sokungena kunye nokucoca kwe-Chx.HCl.
I-Chlorhexidine hydrochloride Chx.HCl inikezelwe ngobubele yi-Arab Drug Company for Pharmaceuticals (eCairo, e-Egypt). I-Labrafil M 1944 CS (oleoylpolyoxy-6-glyceride) inikezelwe ngobubele yi-Gattefosse (Saint Priest, eFrance). I-Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate), i-Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate), i-oleic acid, i-propylene glycol evela kwi-Gomhorya Company (eCairo, e-Egypt)). Ukukhupha amazinyo angaxilwanga angenazo izinyo zodwa ukuze kusetyenziswe unyango lwe-periodontal okanye lwe-orthodontic, iSebe leSayensi ye-Maxillofacial, i-Faculty of Dentistry, iYunivesithi yase-Ain Shams, eCairo, e-Egypt. Inkcubeko ecocekileyo ye-Enterococcus faecalis (uhlobo lwe-ATCC 29212) ekhuliswe kwi-brain heart extract (BHI) broth (RC CLEANER, IIchung Dental Ltd., eSeoul, eKorea).
Ukunyibilika kweChx.HCl kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo (i-oleic acid, iLabrafil M 1944CS, iTween 20, iTween 80, ipropylene glycol, kunye namanzi) kufundwe. I-Chx.HCl eninzi kakhulu (50 mg) ifakwa kwityhubhu ye-centrifuge kwaye kongezwa i-5.0 g yesigaba esiphakathi. Umxube ushukunyiswe kwi-vortex mixer imizuzu eli-15 uze ugcinwe kubushushu begumbi. Emva kweeyure ezingama-24, i-pellet yeziyobisi enganyibilikiyo kwityhubhu yafakwa kwi-centrifuge kwi-3000 rpm imizuzu emi-5 ukuze kufunyanwe i-supernatant ecacileyo. Qokelela isisombululo esaneleyo sesampuli kwaye usinyibilikise nge-n-butanol. Iisampulu ezixutyiweyo zahluzwa ngephepha lesihluzo le-Whatman 102 zaze zaxutywa ngokufanelekileyo nge-n-butanol ukuze kuchongwe uxinano lweziyobisi kwisisombululo esigcweleyo. Iisampulu zahlalutywa nge-UV spectrophotometer kwi-260 nm kunye ne-n-butanol njengolawulo. 12.13
Umzobo wesigaba esingamathathu wakhiwe ukuze kufunyanwe umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wenxalenye nganye efunekayo kwifomyula ukuze kufunyanwe iiparameter ezifanelekileyo ze-nanoemulsion efanelekileyo. 14 Le fomyula yenziwe kusetyenziswa iioyile (oko kukuthi i-oleic acid kunye neLabrafil M1944CS), ii-surfactants (oko kukuthi i-Tween 20 kunye ne-Tween 80) kunye ne-surfactant eyongezelelweyo, oko kukuthi i-propylene glycol. Okokuqala, imixube eyahlukileyo yee-surfactants (ngaphandle kwee-cosurfactants) kunye neeoyile zalungiswa ngokwemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yomthamo (ukusuka kwi-1:9 ukuya kwi-9:1). Xa umxube uxutywe ngamanzi (ukongeza amanzi ngokuwa), jonga ngokusondeleyo umxube ukusuka ekukhanyeni ukuya ekukhanyeni njengendawo yokugqibela. La manqaku okugqibela emva koko aphawulwa kumzobo wesigaba esingamathathu. Yonke le nkqubo iphindaphindwe kwimixube ye-surfactant kunye ne-surfactant yesibini (i-Smix) elungiselelwe kwimilinganiselo ye-2:1 kunye ne-3:1 kwaye ixutywe neeoyile ezikhethiweyo15,16 enye.
Iinkqubo zeNanoemulsion eziqulathe iChx.HCl zalungiswa kusetyenziswa iLabrafil M 1944 CS njengesigaba seoli kunye neTween 80 okanye 20 surfactant kunye nepropylene glycol njenge-surfactant eyongezelelweyo kwaye ekugqibeleni amanzi, Itheyibhile 1. Eli yeza lanyibilika kwiLabrafil M 1944 CS kwaye amanzi adibeneyo e-surfactant kunye ne-surfactant yesibini yongezwa ngesantya esicothayo ngokuxuba kancinci. Ubungakanani be-surfactant kunye ne-co-surfactant eyongeziweyo, kunye nepesenti yesigaba seoli enokongezwa, imiselwa kusetyenziswa umzobo wesigaba se-pseudo-ternary. Ijenereyitha ye-ultrasonic (i-Ultrasonic LC 60 H, e-Elma, eJamani) yasetyenziswa ukufezekisa uluhlu lobungakanani olufunekayo lokusasaza iigranules. Emva koko ilinganise. 17
Uvavanyo lokusasazeka lwenziwe kusetyenziswa isixhobo sokunyibilikisa (uGqr. Schleuniger Pharmaton, Model Diss 6000, Thun, Switzerland) apho i-1 ml yokulungiselela nganye yongezwa kwi-500 ml yamanzi kwi-37±0.5°C. Ukushukuma okuthambileyo kuqinisekiswa ngama-paddles aqhelekileyo okunyibilikisa intsimbi engagqwaliyo ajikelezayo kwi-50 rpm. I-emulsion ephumayo yachongwa ngokubonakalayo kwaye yahlulwa njengecacileyo, ekhanyayo enebala eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, efana nobisi okanye i-muzzle. Khetha ifomula ecacileyo yophando olongezelelweyo. 18.19
Ukukhupha i-Chx.HCl kwizinto ezilungisiweyo ze-nanoemulsion ezisekelwe kwi-pseudo-triple phase diagram kukhokelela ekuvelisweni kwe-n-butanol kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji ye-ultrasonic. Emva kokuxutywa okufanelekileyo, ezi zicatshulwa zihlalutywe nge-spectrophotometrically kubude be-260 nm ukuze kufumaneke umxholo we-Chx.HCl. twenty.
Ukuvavanya ixesha lokuzixuba, i-1 ml yento nganye yongezwa kwibheki egcwele i-250 ml yamanzi acociweyo kwaye igcinwe kwi-37 ± 1°C kunye nokuxutywa rhoqo kwi-50 rpm. Ixesha lokuzixuba lithathwa njengexesha apho i-preconcentrate yenza umxube ofanayo emva kokuxutywa. Amashumi amabini ananye
Ukuze uhlalutye ubungakanani bamaconsi, xuba i-50 mg yefomyula elungiselelweyo ukuya kwi-1000 ml ngamanzi kwiflaski uze uyixube kancinci ngesandla. Ukusasazwa kobungakanani bamaconsi kumiselwe kusetyenziswa isixhobo seMalvern Zetasizer 2000 (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK) phantsi kweemeko zokufumanisa i-backscatter ze-173º, ubushushu be-25ºC, kunye ne-refractive index ye-1.330.22.
Izifundo zokunyibilika kwe-in vitro zenziwe kusetyenziswa isixhobo se-USP Type II (i-paddle) (uGqr. Schleuniger Pharmaton, iDiss Model 6000) kwi-50 rpm. Amanzi anyibilikisiweyo (500 ml) agcinwe kubushushu obungama-37±0.5°C asetyenziswa njengendawo yokunyibilika, kwaye i-5 ml yento elungisiweyo yongezwa ngokuthontsiza kwindawo yokunyibilika. Emva koko, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, i-5 ml yendlela yokunyibilika yathathwa kwaye ubungakanani beyeza elikhutshiweyo bamiselwa nge-spectrophotometrically kwi-254 nm. Uvavanyo lwenziwe ngokuphindwe kathathu. Amashumi amabini anesithathu
Emva koko, iiparameter ze-kinetic zokukhululwa kwe-Chx.HCl kwi-vitro ezivela kwi-nanoemulsions ezilungiselelwe ngokusekelwe kuyo zalinganiswa. Iimodeli ze-Zero, ze-first and second order kinetics kunye ne-Higuchi diffusion zavavanywa ukuze kukhethwe ulandelelwano lwe-kinetic olufanele ukukhutshwa kwe-Chx.HCl.
Ii-2 ml zefomyula nganye zigcinwe kubushushu obuqhelekileyo kangangeeyure ezingama-48 ngaphambi kokuba kubonwe ukwahlulwa kwesigaba. Iisampulu ze-1 ml zefomyula nganye ye-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion zaze zaxutywa ukuya kwi-10 ml kunye ne-100 ml ngamanzi acocekileyo kwi-25° C. zaze zagcinwa iiyure ezingama-24. Emva koko kwabonwa ukwahlulwa kwesigaba.
Emva koko iisampulu ze-2 ml zento nganye zidluliselwe ngokwahlukeneyo kwiibhotile ezicacileyo ezinesiciko sesikrufu zaza zagcinwa efrijini kwi-2°C kangangeeyure ezingama-24. Emva koko zasuswa zaza zagcinwa kwi-25°C kunye ne-40°C. Kwenziwe umjikelo omnye wokunyibilikisa ukupholisa. Emva koko iisampulu zajongwa ukuze kwahlulwe isigaba kwaye kwangeniswe amayeza.
Isampuli ye-5 ml yefomyula nganye ye-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion idluliselwe kwityhubhu yeglasi yaza yafakwa kwi-centrifuge yelebhu (iShanghai Surgical Instrument Factory Microcentrifuge Model 800, eShanghai, kwiRiphabliki yabantu baseTshayina) yaza yafakwa kwi-centrifuge kwi-4000 rpm imizuzu emi-5. Emva koko iisampulu zajongwa ukuze kuhlulwe isigaba kunye nokuhla kwamayeza.
Zonke iimvavanyo zivunyiwe yiKomiti yeMithetho yoBuchule beZiko kwiYunivesithi yase-Ain Shams, e-Egypt. Kukhethwe amazinyo angama-50 omntu angacaphukiyo aneengcambu ezinde ezinencam eyakhiweyo. Amazinyo akhutshiweyo asetyenziswe emva kokufumana imvume ebhaliweyo esayinwe sisigulana. Amazinyo aquka i-maxillary kunye ne-mandibular incisors kunye ne-mandibular premolars. Umphezulu wangaphandle weengcambu waphathwa nge-curette kwaye onke amazinyo ahlanjululwe umphezulu kwi-0.5% NaOCl kangangeeyure ezingama-24 aze agcinwe kwi-sterile saline de asetyenziswe. Isithsaba sasuswa ngediski yedayimani esecaleni ekhuselekileyo kwaye ubude bezinyo bahlengahlengiswa ukuya kwi-16 mm ukusuka kwincam ukuya kumda we-coronal. 24,25 Ngokwesisombululo sokuhlamba, amazinyo ahlulwe ngokwamaqela alandelayo:
(A) Iisampuli zeqela (n=24) zihlanjwe nge-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl. Iisampuli zeqela elingaphantsi (I) (n=12) ezihlanjwe nge-5 ml ye-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl engu-0.75%. Iisampuli zeqela elingaphantsi (II) (n=12) zihlanjwe nge-5 ml ye-1.6% ye-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl. (B) Iisampuli zeqela (n=24) ziza kuhlanjwa nge-5 ml ye-2% ye-Chx.HCl yobukhulu obuqhelekileyo be-particle. Iqela lolawulo: (n=2) zihlanjwe nge-5 ml ye-saline ngaphandle kokusebenzisa.
Kukhethwe amazinyo angama-44 omntu angacaphukiyo aneengcambu ezinde ezinencam eyakhiweyo. Amazinyo aquka i-maxillary kunye ne-mandibular incisors kunye ne-mandibular premolars. Umphezulu wangaphandle weengcambu wanyangwa nge-curette kwaye onke amazinyo ahlanjululwe nge-0.5% NaOCl kangangeeyure ezingama-24 aze agcinwe kwi-sterile saline de asetyenziswe. Izithsaba zasuswa nge-safety diamond disc kwaye ubude bezinyo balungiswa ukuya kwi-16 mm ukusuka kwi-apex ukuya kwi-coronal margin. 24,25,29
Ukulungiswa ngoomatshini kwefayile ephambili ye-apical 50 kusetyenziswa iindlela eziqhelekileyo. Sebenzisa i-sterilize saline njengesichumisi ngexesha lotyando. Ekugqibeleni, umjelo weengcambu wahlanjwa nge-2 ml ye-17% EDTA umzuzu omnye ukususa umaleko we-smear. Umphezulu wonke weengcambu, kuquka ne-apical foramen yesampuli nganye, wagqunywa ngemibala emibini ye-nail polish (iglue ye-cyanoacrylate) ukuthintela ukuvuza. Amazinyo emva koko abekwa ngokuthe nkqo kwibhloko ye-tartar ukuze kube lula ukuwaphatha nokuwachonga. Iisampuli ezingama-29-33 emva koko zafakwa i-autoclave kwi-121ºC kunye ne-15 psi imizuzu engama-20. Emva kokubulala iintsholongwane, zonke iisampuli zathuthwa kwaye zacutshungulwa phantsi kweemeko ezicocekileyo kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezicocekileyo. Iingcambu zangcoliswa yi-culture ecocekileyo ye-Enterococcus faecalis (uhlobo lwe-ATCC 29212) ekhuliswe kwi-brain heart extract (BHI) broth kangangeeyure ezingama-24 kwi-37°C. Usebenzisa i-micropipette engenazintsholongwane, faka i-suspension ecacileyo ye-E. faecalis inoculum kwiingcambu ezilungisiweyo zamazinyo onke. Emva koko iibhloko zafakwa kwiibhika ezingenazintsholongwane zaza zafakwa kwi-incubator kuma-37°C iiyure ezingama-24. 31, 34, 35
(A) Iisampuli zeqela (n=24) zihlanjwe nge-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl. Iisampuli zeqela elingaphantsi (I) (n=12) zihlanjwe nge-5 ml ye-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl engu-0.75%. Iqela elingaphantsi (II) (n = 12) lihlanjwe ngee-5 ml ze-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl engu-1.6%.
Iqela lolawulo: ulawulo oluchanekileyo, (n=4) umjelo wengcambu ongcolisiweyo uhlanjwe nge-5 ml yetyuwa kwaye ugcinwe njengolawulo oluchanekileyo. Ulawulo olungalunganga: (n=4) Iisampuli azizange zifakwe nge-suspension, oko kukuthi umjelo wengcambu awungcoliswanga yi-E. faecalis, kwaye zigcinwe zingenazintsholongwane njengolawulo olungalunganga ukuqinisekisa ukubulawa kwentsholongwane kunye nokuthembeka kwenkqubo. Sebenzisa isisombululo sovavanyo sokuhlamba i-5 ml kwisampuli nganye. Isampuli nganye emva koko yahlanjwa okokugqibela nge-1 ml yetyuwa engenazintsholongwane.
Iphepha elingange-35 eliyi-sterile lisetyenziswa ukuqokelela iisampulu ezivela kwiingcambu zemijelo. Iphepha lifakwe kwityhubhu ukuya kubude bokusebenza, lashiywa imizuzwana eli-10, laze ladluliselwa kwiiplate ze-agar ukuze kuchongwe inani leeyunithi zokwenza ikoloni (CFU) ngeplate nganye. Iiplate zifakwe kwi-incubation kwi-37ºC kangangeeyure ezingama-24 zaze zahlolwa ngokubonakalayo ukuba zikhula na. Iplate ecacileyo ibonisa ukubulala iintsholongwane ngokupheleleyo. Iiplate ezifipheleyo zithathwa njengezibonisa ukukhula okuhle. Inani eliqhelekileyo le-CFU kwindawo yokukhula kwebhaktheriya ngesitya ngasinye lichongiwe kwaye inani le-CFU libalwe. Abasindileyo balinganiswa ikakhulu ngamanani asebenzayo kwiiplate ze-drip. Ukongeza, indebe yokugalela isetyenzisiwe ukubala ii-CFU eziphantsi, kwaye ukuxutywa ukuya kwi-106 kusetyenzisiwe ukubala ii-CFU eziphezulu. 36.37
Lungisa iityhubhu ezine-15 ml ye-agar medium enyibilikisiweyo efakwe iintsholongwane kwi-autoclave ngosuku olufanayo nolo lwesilingo. I-Enterococcus faecalis yi-facultative Gram-positive anaerobic coccus enokusinda kwi-pH ephezulu kakhulu, i-acidity kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Iisampuli zebhaktheriya ezingama-39 (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) zalungiswa ngokuxuba iiseli ezivela kwiikholoni kunye ne-sterile saline. Iisampuli zebhaktheriya zaxutywa ne-saline ukuze zifane ne-McFarland 0.5, elingana ne-108 CFU/mL. Umthamo wesampuli owongeziweyo yayiyi-10 µl. 39 Umgangatho we-turbidity (McFarland 0.5)40 walungiswa ngokugalela i-0.6 ml yesisombululo se-barium chloride dihydrate se-1% (10 g/l) kwisilinda esigqityiweyo se-100 ml kwaye ugcwalise kwi-100 ml nge-1% (10 g/l) sulfuric acid. Imigangatho yokuxinana kwamanzi yafakwa kwiityhubhu ezifanayo neesampuli zomhluzi yaza yagcinwa kubushushu begumbi kangangeenyanga ezi-6 ebumnyameni yaza yavalwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukufuma. Vula isiciko sesitya sePetri esingenanto uze uthulule isampuli embindini wesitya. Ukuba i-agar iqine ngokupheleleyo, jika ipleyiti uze uyibeke kwi-37°C iiyure ezingama-24.
Yonke idatha iqokelelwe, yadweliswa yaza yahlolwa ngokweenkcukacha-manani. Uhlalutyo lweenkcukacha-manani lwenziwe kusetyenziswa i-IBM® SPSS® Statistical Version 17 yeWindows (SPSS Inc., IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA).
Ukunyibilika kweChx.HCl kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeoyile, izisombululo ze-surfactant, izisombululo ze-co-surfactant, kunye namanzi kufundwe. I-Chx.Hcl inonyibiliko oluphezulu kwiLabrafil M kunye nokunyibilika okuphantsi kwi-oleic acid. Ukunyibilika okuphezulu kwamayeza kwindidi yeoyile kubalulekile kwi-nanoemulsions kuba ii-nanoemulsions ziyakwazi ukugcina ichiza likwimo enyibilikisiweyo, oko kuthetha ukuba ukunyibilika okuphezulu kwamayeza kwioyile kubangela ioyile encinci kwifomyula kwaye ke ngoko ichiza elincinci. ukulayisha Inani elithile le-surfactant kunye ne-co-surfactant liyafuneka ukuze kuhlanganiswe amaconsi eoyile.
Umzobo wesigaba esingamathathu wakhiwe ukuchaza iindawo ze-nanoemulsion kunye nokuphucula uxinano lweeoyile ezikhethiweyo, ii-surfactants, kunye nee-surfactants ezongezelelweyo (iLabrafil M, iTween 80, iTween 20, kunye ne-propylene glycol, ngokulandelanayo). I-Chx.Hcl ibonisa ukunyibilika okuphantsi kakhulu kwi-oleic acid, okubangela ukuba i-oleic acid inyibilike ngethontsi lokuqala lamanzi. Ke ngoko, inkqubo ye-oleic acid ayifakwanga kolu phononongo. Ezinye iindlela zokwenziwa zilungiselelwe kusetyenziswa umxube we-1:9 weoyile kunye ne-surfactant. uluhlu lwe-pH kunye namandla e-ionic, ngoko ke ezi surfactants zikhethiwe.
Zonke iifomyula ezilungisiweyo bezicacile ngaphandle kweNkqubo F2, eyayibonakala ifumile kwaye ngenxa yoko ayifakwanga kwizifundo zovavanyo olongezelelweyo.
Ifomyula ye-nanoemulsion efanelekileyo kufuneka ikwazi ukusasazeka ngokupheleleyo nangokukhawuleza xa ixutywe ngokushukuma okuthambileyo. Iifomyula ze-nanoemulsion ze-Chx.HCl zibonise amaxesha amafutshane e-emulsification, ukusuka kwimizuzwana eyi-1.67 ukuya kweyi-12.33. I-Tween 80 inexesha elifutshane le-emulsification. Oku kunokuchazwa ngamandla aphezulu okunyibilikisa e-Tween 80. Ixesha le-self-emulsification liyanda ngokwanda koxinzelelo lwe-surfactant, okunokubangelwa kukwanda kwe-viscosity yenkqubo phantsi kwesenzo se-surfactant.
Ubungakanani bethontsi le-emulsion bumisela isantya kunye nobungakanani bokukhululwa kweyeza. Ubungakanani bethontsi le-emulsion elincinci bubangela ixesha elifutshane le-emulsification kunye nommandla omphezulu wokufunxwa kweziyobisi. Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bethontsi lezinto ezikhethiweyo ze-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion yayiyi-711±0.44, 587±15.3, 10.97±0.11, 16.43±4.55, kunye ne-12.18±2.48, kwaye i-PDI yayiyi-0 .76, 0.19, 0.61, 0.47 kunye ne-0.76 kwi-F1, F2., F3 kunye ne-0.16 ngokulandelelanayo F4, F5 kunye ne-F6. Iifomyula eziqulethe i-Tween 80 njenge-surfactant zibonise ii-spherulites ezincinci. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu e-emulsifying. Ixabiso eliphantsi le-PDI libonisa ukusasazwa kobungakanani benkqubo obuncinci. Ezi fomyula zibonakala zicocekile kuba i-droplet radii yazo incinci kune-optical wavelength yokukhanya okubonakalayo (390-750 nm) apho kwenzeka khona ukusasazeka kokukhanya okuncinci.
Kumfanekiso wesi-2 ubonisa ipesenti ye-Chx.HCl ekhutshwe kwifomyula eyenziweyo. Ukukhululwa okupheleleyo kweyeza kwifomyula ezilungiselelweyo ze-Chx.HCl nanoemulsion kususela kwimizuzu emi-2 ukuya kweyesi-7. Kwabonwa ukuba izinga eliphezulu lokukhululwa kweyeza lifunyenwe kwimeko yefomyula ye-Chx.HCl F6 nanoemulsion (imizuzu emi-2), enokubangelwa bubukho be-Tween 80, ebonise inqanaba eliphezulu le-emulsification, kwaye i-nanoemulsion ephumayo. ibonelela ngendawo enkulu yokukhululwa kweyeza, okuvumela amazinga aphezulu okukhululwa kweyeza. Kwangaxeshanye, iipropati zokunyibilika kwe-propylene glycol zivumela inani elikhulu le-hydrophilic surfactants ukuba linyibilike kwioyile. 40
Ukukhululwa kwe-Chx.HCl kwi-vitro kufunyenwe kulandela ulungelelwaniso olwahlukileyo lwe-kinetic, kwaye akukho lungelelwaniso olucacileyo lwe-kinetic olunokubonisa ukukhululwa kwamayeza avela kwiifomyula ze-nanoemulsion ezilungiselelwe ngokwahlukileyo. Ukukhululwa kwe-kinetic kwamayeza e-F4 yi-kinetics yolandelelwano lokuqala, oko kuthetha ukuba akhutshwa ngokulingana nobungakanani beziyobisi ezisele ngaphakathi kuwo. 42 Ukukhululwa kwe-kinetic kwamanye amayeza kwakuhambelana nomzekelo we-Higuasha diffusion, obonise ukuba ubungakanani beziyobisi ezikhutshiweyo bulingana nengcambu yesikwere yeziyobisi zizonke kunye nokunyibilika kwamayeza kwi-nanoemulsion. 42
Iifomyula ezikhethiweyo ziphantsi kozinzo olwahlukeneyo lwe-thermodynamic ngovavanyo loxinzelelo kusetyenziswa imijikelo yokupholisa ubushushu, i-centrifugation kunye nemijikelo yokuqandisa. Kwabonwa ukuba iifomyula ze-F3 kunye ne-F4 zibonise ukuna kweyeza emva kwemijikelo yokunyibilika, ngelixa i-F1 ibonise ukutyeba (i-gelling). I-F5 kunye ne-F6 ziphumelele umjikelo wokugqamisa okuqhubekayo, uvavanyo lokufudumeza kunye novavanyo lokuqandisa. Ii-nanoemulsion ziinkqubo ezizinzileyo ze-thermodynamic ezenziwe kumanqanaba athile eoyile, i-surfactant kunye namanzi ngaphandle kokwahlulwa kwesigaba, i-emulsification okanye ukuqhekeka. Kukuzinza kobushushu okwahlula ii-nanoemulsions kwi-emulsions, ezizinzileyo kinetically kwaye ekugqibeleni ziya kwahlulwa zibe ziisigaba. I-19 F3 ibonise ubungakanani obukhulu bee-particle (587 nm) kunezinye iifomyula, ezinokuchaza ukwahlulwa kwesigaba kunye nokuna kweyeza kwiimvavanyo zozinzo lwe-thermodynamic. I-F4 equlathe i-Tween 80 kwaye akukho-co-surfactant ibonise ukuna kweyeza, oku kunokubonisa imfuneko yokusebenzisa i-propylene glycol kunye ne-Tween 80 ukuphucula uzinzo lweefomyula ze-nanoemulsion. I-F1 equlathe i-Tween 20 ngaphandle kwe-surfactant eyongezelelweyo ibonakalise ukutyeba (i-gelling), oku kukwanda kwe-viscosity okanye amandla e-gel ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwamaconsi.
Iziphumo zozinzo zibonisa ukubaluleka kokubakho kwe-propylene glycol surfactant eyongezelelweyo yokwandisa ukusasazeka kwamasuntswana nokuthintela ukuna kwamayeza. I-43 F6 yayiyeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenziwa ngenxa yobukhulu obuncinci bamasuntswana (12.18 nm), ixesha elifutshane le-emulsification (imizuzwana eyi-1.67) kunye nesantya sokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza emva kwemizuzu emi-2. Kufunyenwe ukuba yinkqubo ezinzileyo ngokwe-thermodynamically/physically kwaye ke ngoko yakhethwa ukuze ifundwe ngakumbi.
Ukungaphumeleli emva konyango lweengcambu kuya kuxhaphaka, nto leyo ethetha ukuba izigulane zisengozini enkulu yokufumana usulelo olunzima ngakumbi. 44,45 I-Biofilm kufuneka isuswe ngexesha lokubulala iintsholongwane nokuzaliswa kweengcambu. 46,47 Ngenxa yobunzima benkqubo yeengcambu, kuba nzima ukususa ngokupheleleyo iingcambu zebhaktiriya kusetyenziswa izixhobo kunye nokunkcenkceshela kuphela. 48 Ukusebenza kwezisombululo zokuhlamba iingcambu kuxhomekeke ekungeneni kwesixhobo sokunkcenkceshela kwi-DT kunye nexesha lokuvezwa kwintsholongwane. 49 Ke ngoko, iindlela ezintsha zokubulala iintsholongwane kwiingcambu ziye zavavanywa kwaye zavavanywa. Ukuhlamba okuqhelekileyo akususi ngokupheleleyo i-E. faecalis ngenxa yokungena okuncinci kwe-DT.50.
Amandla okucoca aqhelekileyo e-nanoemulsion rinse yayiyi-2001.47 µm2, kwaye ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo be-particle ye-rinse aid yayiyi-2609.56 µm. Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-nanoemulsion wash kunye ne-particle size wash eqhelekileyo yayiyi-608.09 µm2. Bekukho umahluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kwezinto zokunkcenkceshela ze-nanoemulsion kunye nezinto zokunkcenkceshela ezinobukhulu obuqhelekileyo be-particle ezine-(P-value 0.00052). Bekukho umahluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kwezinto zokunkcenkceshela ze-nanoemulsion kunye nezinto zokunkcenkceshela ezinobukhulu obuqhelekileyo be-particle ezine-(P-value 0.00052). Между ирригационными растворами наноэмульсии и ирригационными растворами с нормальным размером частиц наблюдалась статистически высок разница (значение P 0,00052). Bekukho umahluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) (ixabiso le-P 0.00052) phakathi kwezinto zokunkcenkceshela ze-nanoemulsion kunye nezinto zokunkcenkceshela ze-particle eziqhelekileyo.纳米乳液冲洗剂和正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的差异（P<0.001）P<0.001）纳米乳液冲洗剂和正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的差异（P<0.001）P<0.001） Между ополаскивателем с наноэмульсией и ополаскивателем с нормальным размером частиц была статистически очень значимая разниц0000 (P10) 0,00052). Bekukho umahluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.0001) phakathi kwe-nanoemulsion rinse kunye ne-particle size rinse eqhelekileyo (ixabiso le-P yi-0.00052).I-nanoemulsion ibonise umahluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo xa ithelekiswa nezinto eziqhelekileyo zobukhulu bamasuntswana, ibonisa indawo ephantsi yomphezulu wenkunkuma eseleyo, oko kukuthi, izinto ze-nanoemulsion zazinamandla okucoca angcono kakhulu, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso 3.
Umfanekiso 3. Uthelekiso lokusebenza kokucoca izixhobo zokucoca: (A) nge-Nano CHX laser esebenzayo, (B) nge-CHX laser esebenzayo, (C) nge-PUI Nano CHX, (D) ngaphandle kwe-Nano CHX activation, (E) ngaphandle kwe-CHX activation, kunye (F) ) ne-CHX PUI activation.
Ummandla ophakathi womphezulu weziqwenga eziseleyo ze-Chx.HCl 1.6% yayiyi-2320.36 µm2, kwaye ummandla ophakathi womphezulu we-Chx.HCl 2% yayiyi-2949.85 µm2. Bekukho umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-nanoemulsion irrigants kunye ne-normal particle size irrigants (P-value 0.00000). Bekukho umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-nanoemulsion irrigants kunye ne-normal particle size irrigants (P-value 0.00000). Наблюдалась статистически высокозначимая (P<0.001) ирригационными растворами с нормальным размером частиц (значение P 0,00000). Bekukho umahluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-nanoemulsion irrigants kunye ne-normal particle size irrigants (ixabiso le-P yi-0.00000).较高浓度的纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的Ｎ显着的（1P 0.00000.较高浓度的纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学显着的差异（00P0.（01P0. Наблюдалась статистически очень значимая разница (P<0,001) между более высокими концентрациями ополаскивателя с наноэмульпесь нормальным размером частиц (значение P 0,00000). Bekukho umahluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kwamanqanaba aphezulu e-nanoemulsion rinse kunye ne-normal particle size rinse (ixabiso le-P yi-0.00000).Nangona uxinano lwe-nanoemulsion irrigant lwaluphantsi kunolo lwe-particle size irrigant eqhelekileyo, olu xinano luphantsi lwalusebenza ngakumbi ekususeni inkunkuma kwaye lusebenza ngakumbi ekucoceni iingcambu zemijelo.
I-PUI yayinomahluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) xa ithelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuvula. I-PUI yayinomahluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) xa ithelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuvula. PUI имел статистически высокозначимую разницу (p<0,001) по сравнению с другими методами активации. I-PUI yayinomahluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) xa ithelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuvula.与其他激活方法相比，PUI 具有统计学上非常显着的差异(p<0.001).与其他激活方法相比，PUI 具有统计学上非常显着的差异(p<0.001). По сравнению с другими методами активации PUI имел статистически очень значимую разницу (p<0,001). Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuvula, i-PUI yayinomahluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (p<0.001).Xa i-ISP isebenza, ummandla oqhelekileyo womphezulu oseleyo wenkunkuma yayiyi-1695.31 µm2. Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kunye ne-Laser yayingu-987.89929 ebonisa umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) kunye (ixabiso le-p elingu-0.00000). Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kunye ne-Laser yayingu-987.89929 ebonisa umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) kunye (ixabiso le-p elingu-0.00000). Средняя разница между PUI kunye neLaser составила 987,89929, демонстрируя высокостатистически значимую (P<0,001) разницу с (p-значени0000). Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kunye ne-Laser yayingu-987.89929, nto leyo ebonisa umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) ukusuka kwi-(p-value 0.00000). PUI 和Laser 之间的平均差异為987.89929，显示出高度统计学显着性(P<0.001) 差异(p 0.0000).PUI kunye neLaser Средняя разница между PUI kunye neLaser составила 987,89929, что свидетельствует о высокой статистической значимости (P<0,001) разни000 (P<0,001) разни000 (P<0,001) разни000 Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kunye ne-Laser yayingu-987.89929, nto leyo ebonisa ukubaluleka okuphezulu kwezibalo (P<0.001) umahluko (ixabiso le-p liyi-0.00000). Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kunye nokungasebenzisi yayiyi-712.40643 ebonisa umahluko obalulekileyo kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) kunye nexabiso le-p eliyi-0.00098). Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Laser activation okanye ukungasebenzisi kwakungahlukanga ngokwezibalo (P>0.05) kunye nexabiso le-P eliyi-0.451211. Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kunye nokungasebenzi kwayo yayiyi-712.40643 ebonisa umahluko obalulekileyo kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) kunye nexabiso le-p eliyi-0.00098). Ixabiso le-P eliyi-0.451211. Средняя разница между PUI kunye отсутствием активации составила 712,40643, демонстрируя высокостатистически значимую 0,00098). Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kunye nokungasebenzi kwayo yayiyi-712.40643, ebonisa umahluko obalulekileyo kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) kunye nexabiso le-p eliyi-0.00098).Ixabiso le-P yi-0.451211. PUI 和未激活之间的平均差异為712.40643，显示高度统计学显着性差异(P<0.001)，p 000643，p 0006430.I-PUI Средняя разница между PUI kunye nelinektiвацией составила 712,40643, что свидетельствует о высокой статистической значимости разниц001, p. 0,00098). Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kunye nokungasebenzi yayiyi-712.40643, nto leyo ebonisa ukubaluleka okuphezulu kwezibalo zalo mahluko (P<0.001, ixabiso le-p liyi-0.00098).使用激光激活或不激活在统计学上没有显着差异(P>0.05) P nge-0.451211.使用激光激活或不激活在统计学上没有显着差异(P>0.05) P nge-0.451211. Статистически значимой разницы (P>0,05) с лазерной активацией или без нее не было со значением P 0,451211. Akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (P>0.05) kunye okanye ngaphandle kokusebenza kwelaser kunye nexabiso le-P eliyi-0.451211.Ummandla ophakathi womphezulu weziqwenga eziseleyo xa kusebenze ilaser yayiyi-2683.21 µm2. Ummandla ophakathi womphezulu weziqwenga eziseleyo ngaphandle kokusebenza yayiyi-2407.72 µm2. Xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza kwelaser okanye ukungasebenzi, i-PUI yayinendawo yomphezulu we-chip encinci ngokwezibalo, oko kukuthi, eyona mandla okucoca angcono.
Amandla okucoca aqhelekileyo e-nanoemulsion rinse yayiyi-2001.47 µm2, kwaye ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo be-particle ye-rinse aid yayiyi-2609.56 µm. Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-nanoemulsion wash kunye ne-particle size wash eqhelekileyo yayiyi-608.09 µm2. Bekukho umahluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kwezinto zokunkcenkceshela ze-nanoemulsion kunye nezinto zokunkcenkceshela ezinobukhulu obuqhelekileyo be-particle ezine-(P-value 0.00052). Bekukho umahluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi kwezinto zokunkcenkceshela ze-nanoemulsion kunye nezinto zokunkcenkceshela ezinobukhulu obuqhelekileyo be-particle ezine-(P-value 0.00052). Между ирригационными растворами наноэмульсии и ирригационными растворами с нормальным размером частиц была статистически высоя00знач0 (значение P 0,00052). Bekukho umahluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) (ixabiso le-P 0.00052) phakathi kwezinto zokunkcenkceshela ze-nanoemulsion kunye nezinto zokunkcenkceshela ze-particle eziqhelekileyo.纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的差异（P<0.000P<0.000（P<0.000 P <0.001 (P值0.00052) Между ополаскивателем с наноэмульсией и ополаскивателем с нормальным размером частиц была статистически очень значимая разниц0000 (P10) 0,00052). Bekukho umahluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.0001) phakathi kwe-nanoemulsion rinse kunye ne-particle size rinse eqhelekileyo (ixabiso le-P yi-0.00052).Xa kuthelekiswa nezinto eziqhelekileyo zobukhulu besuntswana, i-nanoemulsion inomahluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo, ibonisa indawo ephantsi yomphezulu wenkunkuma eseleyo, oko kukuthi, izinto ze-Nanoemulsion zinamandla okucoca angcono njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3.
Ummandla ophakathi womphezulu weziqwenga eziseleyo ze-Chx.HCl 1.6% yayiyi-2320.36 µm2, kwaye ummandla ophakathi womphezulu we-Chx.HCl 2% yayiyi-2949.85 µm2. Bekukho umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-nanoemulsion irrigants kunye ne-normal particle size irrigants (P-value 0.00000). Bekukho umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-nanoemulsion irrigants kunye ne-normal particle size irrigants (P-value 0.00000). Имелась статистически высокодостоверная (P. растворами с нормальным размером частиц (значение P 0,00000). Bekukho umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) phakathi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-nanoemulsion irrigants kunye ne-normal particle size irrigants (ixabiso le-P yi-0.00000).较高浓度的纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的差异（P<0.001）(P值0.00000).较高浓度的纳米乳液冲洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高洗剂与正常粒径冲洗剂之间存在统计学上高度显着的Ｎ显着的Ｎ显着的）1P Наблюдалась статистически высокозначимая разница (P <0,001) нормальным размером частиц (значение P 0,00000). Bekukho umahluko obaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P < 0.001) phakathi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-nanoemulsion rinse kunye ne-normal particle size rinse (ixabiso le-P yi-0.00000).Nangona uxinano lwe-nanoemulsion irrigant lwaluphantsi kunolo lwe-particle size irrigant eqhelekileyo, olu xinano luphantsi lwalusebenza ngakumbi ekususeni inkunkuma kwaye lusebenza ngakumbi ekucoceni iingcambu zemijelo.
I-PUI yayinomahluko omkhulu obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) xa ithelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuvula. I-PUI yayinomahluko omkhulu obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) xa ithelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuvula. PUI имел статистически высокую значимую разницу (p<0,001) по сравнению с другими методами активации. I-PUI yayinomahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) xa ithelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa.与其他激活方法相比，PUI 具有统计学上的显着差异(p<0.001). Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuvula, i-PUI inomahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (p<0.001). PUI статистически значимо отличался (p<0,001) по сравнению с другими методами активации. I-PUI yayahluke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (p<0.001) xa ithelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuvula.Ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-PUI, indawo ephakathi yenkunkuma yomphezulu eseleyo yayiyi-1695.31 μm2. Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwePUI kunye neLaser yayiyi-987.89929 ebonisa umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) kunye (ixabiso le-p 0.00000). Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwePUI kunye nokungasebenzisi yayiyi-712.40643 ebonisa umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) kunye (ixabiso le-p 0.00098). Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Laser activation okanye ukungasebenzisi kwakungekho nto yahlukileyo ngokwezibalo (P>0.05) kunye (ixabiso le-P 0.451211). Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kunye neLaser yayiyi-987.89929 ebonisa umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) kunye (ixabiso le-p 0.00000). Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kunye nokungasebenzisi yayiyi-712.40643 ebonisa umahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) kunye (ixabiso le-p 0.00098). Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Laser activation okanye ukungasebenzisi kwakungafani kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P>0.05) kunye (ixabiso le-P 0.451211). Средняя разница между PUI kunye лазером составила 987,89929, демонстрируя высокостатистически значимую (P<0,001) разницу с (p00,p-0). Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kunye ne-laser yayiyi-987.89929, nto leyo ebonisa umahluko obalulekileyo kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) kunye (ixabiso le-p elingu-0.00000). - значение 0,00098).Использование лазерной активации или отсутствие активации не имело статистически значимой разницы (P>0,01,01,5,5) с. - ixabiso 0.00098). Ukusetyenziswa kwe-laser activation okanye ukungasebenzi kwayo kube nomahluko obalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (P>0.05) kunye ne (P-ixabiso 0.451211). PUI 和激光之间的平均差异為987.89929，与(p 值0.00000) 差异具有高度统计学意义(P<0.001) Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kunye ne-laser yi-987.89929, kwaye umahluko (p 值0.00000) unokubaluleka okuphezulu kwezibalo (P<0.001). Средняя разница между PUI kunye лазером составила 987,89929, что было высоко статистически значимым (P<0,001) с (значение p 0,000). Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kunye ne-laser yayiyi-987.89929, nto leyo eyayibaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo (P<0.001) kunye (ixabiso le-p liyi-0.00000). PUI 与未激活之间的平均差异為712.40643，与(p) 差异具有高度统计学意义(P<0.001) -00643. Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kunye ne-inactive yi-712.40643, kwaye umahluko (p) unokubaluleka okuphezulu kwezibalo (P<0.001) - ixabiso yi-0.00098. Средняя разница между PUI kunye ne-нактивацией составила 712,40643, что было высоко статистически значимым с разницей (p) (P<0,0009 — P Umahluko ophakathi phakathi kwe-PUI kunye nokungasebenzi yayiyi-712.40643, nto leyo eyayibaluleke kakhulu ngokwezibalo ngomahluko (p) (P<0.001 – ixabiso yi-0.00098).使用激光激活或不激活没有显着统计学差异(P>0.05) 与(P  0.451211). Akukho mahluko mkhulu wezibalo phakathi kokusebenza kwelaser kunye nokungasebenzeli (P>0.05) kunye (P 值0.451211). Не было статистически значимой разницы (P>0,05) по сравнению с (значение P 0,451211) с лазерной активацией или без нее. Akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo ngokwezibalo (P>0.05) xa kuthelekiswa ne (P value 0.451211) xa kukho okanye kungekho kusebenze nge-laser.Ummandla ophakathi womphezulu weziqwenga eziseleyo ngexesha lokusebenza kwelaser yayiyi-2683.21 μm2. Ummandla ophakathi womphezulu weziqwenga eziseleyo ngaphandle kokusebenza yayiyi-2407.72 μm2. Xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza kwelaser okanye ukungasebenzi, i-PUI inomphezulu ophakathi womphezulu we-chip omncinci ngokwezibalo, oko kukuthi, amandla okucoca angcono.
Isiphumo esiphakathi sokuhlamba nge-nanoemulsion ekususweni kwenkunkuma sasiphezulu kakhulu ngokwezibalo kunesokuhlamba ngobukhulu bento eqhelekileyo. Chx.HCl 1.6%, PUI 1938.77 µm2, 2510.96 µm2 nge-laser. Ngaphandle kokusebenza, ixabiso eliphakathi yi-2511.34 µm2. Xa i-2% Chx.HCl yasetyenziswa kwaye yavuselelwa nge-laser, iziphumo zazimbi kakhulu kwaye inani lenkunkuma laliphezulu. Iziphumo ezifanayo zafunyanwa xa i-0.75% Chx.HCl ingazange ivuselelwe. Ngokucacileyo, iziphumo ezilungileyo zafunyanwa kusetyenziswa amanqanaba aphezulu oncedo lokuhlamba kwi-nanoemulsion. I-PUI yayisebenza kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngokunkcenkceshela kunye nokucoca inkunkuma, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3A-F)).
Njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 2, i-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl isebenze ngcono kunee-particles zobukhulu obuqhelekileyo ngokwenani le-microorganism elisebenzayo kwaye yayinolwalamano oluhle nokungena kwe-formulation kunye nesiphumo sokucoca ngokweeparameter ezilandelayo: ubungakanani, uxinaniso lwe-agent yokufunxa kunye nendlela yokusebenza.
Iintsholongwane zinokutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ngokusebenzisa uxinaniso oluphezulu lwesixhobo sokuhlamba. Nokuba kusebenze i-PUI, i-0.75% ye-Chx.HCl yayinefuthe elibi kakhulu le-antibacterial. Ukusebenza kwe-laser kunefuthe elibi kwii-nano-emulsion rinses. Njengoko kunokubonwa kuzo zonke iziphumo zangaphambili, ukusetyenziswa kwe-laser kunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-Chx.HCl 0.75% nanoemulsion, apho i-CFU ye-nanoChx.HCl 0.75% iyi-195, elixabiso liphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ii-reagents kule ngxube ziyafana nokusebenza kwe-laser. Ii-Diode lasers zi-photothermal, ngoko ke nokuba kukukhanya okanye kubushushu kunokubangela ukuba i-nanoemulsion ilahlekelwe lifuthe layo le-antibacterial. Isiphumo soxinaniso oluphezulu kukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kweentsholongwane. I-Nano Chx.HCl 1.6% ibonise ukukhula okubi kweentsholongwane xa kukho ukusebenza kwe-laser, oko kuthetha ukuba i-laser ayizange ichaphazele amandla okulwa ne-nano Chx.HCl 1.6%. Kungagqitywa kwelokuba izinto ze-nanoemulsion ezinoxinaniso oluphezulu zinefuthe elingcono le-antibacterial.
Kulo msebenzi, ii-nanoemulsions ze-Chx.HCl zalungiswa kusetyenziswa ii-oyile ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, ii-surfactants ezimbini kunye ne-co-surfactant, kukhethwe i-formulation efanelekileyo (F6) enobukhulu obuncinci be-particle, ixesha elifutshane le-emulsification kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokunyibilika). Ukongeza, i-(F6) yavavanywa ukuzinza kwe-thermodynamic/physical. Kwi-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl kuxinzelelo lwe-1.6%, i-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl ibonise ukuvuleka okungcono kwi-dentin tubules xa kuthelekiswa ne-Chx.HCl yendabuko njengolwelo lokuhlamba, kwaye i-PUI njengendlela yokusebenza yayinamandla okucoca. Ukongeza, izifundo ze-antibacterial ze-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl zibonise ukususwa ngokupheleleyo kweebhaktheriya. Iziphumo ziqinisekisile oku. I-nanoemulsion ye-Chx.HCl ingathathwa njengolwelo lokuhlamba oluthembisayo.
Sibulela kakhulu abasebenzi belebhu yophando kwiYunivesithi yaseMisr yeSayensi neTekhnoloji ngenkxaso yabo enkulu.