Umbono ka-Anish Kapoor ngesithombe se-Cloud Gate eMillennium Park yaseChicago ukuthi sifana ne-mercury ewuketshezi, sibonakalisa idolobha elizungezile ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ukufeza lokhu kuhlangana kuwumsebenzi wothando.
“Engangifuna ukukwenza eMillennium Park kwakuwukwenza into ezongena esibhakabhakeni saseChicago…ukuze abantu babone amafu entanta kuwo kanye nalezo zakhiwo ezinde kakhulu ezibonakala emsebenzini. Ngemuva kwalokho, Ngenxa yesimo salo emnyango, umhlanganyeli, izethameli, uzokwazi ukungena kuleli gumbi elijulile kakhulu, ngendlela efanayo nesenza ukubonakaliswa komuntu njengoba ingaphandle lomsebenzi lenza ekubonakalisweni kwezinto ezizungezile zedolobha.” – umdwebi waseBrithani odumile emhlabeni wonke u-Anish Kapoor, umqophi wezithombe we-Cloud Gate
Uma ubheka ubuso obuzolile balesi sithombe esikhulu sensimbi engagqwali, kunzima ukuqagela ukuthi insimbi nesibindi esingakanani esingaphansi kobuso baso. I-Cloud Gate ifihla izindaba zabakhi bensimbi abangaphezu kwe-100, abasiki, abashiseli, abasiki bezinhlungu, onjiniyela, ochwepheshe, abasebenza ngensimbi, abafaki, kanye nabaphathi—konke lokhu kuyiminyaka emihlanu.
Abaningi babesebenza isikhathi esengeziwe, benza umsebenzi wokusebenzela phakathi nobusuku, bekhempa endaweni yokusebenza, futhi besebenza kanzima emazingeni okushisa angama-degree angu-110 begqoke amasudi aphelele eTyvek® kanye nama-respirator angama-half-mask. Abanye basebenza ezindaweni ezimelene namandla adonsela phansi, belenga emabhandeni ezihlalo ngenkathi bephethe amathuluzi futhi besebenza ezindaweni ezishelelayo. Konke kuhamba kancane (futhi kude kakhulu) ukuze kwenzeke okungenakwenzeka.
Ukuqinisa umqondo womqophi u-Anish Kapoor wamafu antantayo angena esifanekisweni sensimbi engagqwali esingamathani angu-110, esingamamitha angu-66 ubude, esingamamitha angu-33 ubude kwakuwumsebenzi wenkampani yomkhiqizi i-Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), i-Oakland, CA, kanye ne-MTH, i-Villa Park, IL. Ngosuku lwayo lokugujwa kweminyaka engu-120, i-MTH ingenye yezinkontileka zokuklama izakhiwo zensimbi nengilazi ezindala kakhulu endaweni yaseChicago.
Izidingo zokufezwa kwale phrojekthi zizosebenzisa ubuciko, ubuhlakani, amakhono okusebenza ngomshini kanye nolwazi lokukhiqiza lwazo zombili izinkampani. Bazenzela ngokwezifiso futhi bakhe ngisho nemishini yale phrojekthi.
Ezinye zezinselele zalo msebenzi zivela esimweni sawo esigobile ngendlela engavamile – ichashazi noma inkinobho yesisu ephendukezelwe – kanti ezinye zivela ngobukhulu bawo obukhulu. Izithombe eziqoshiwe zakhiwa izinkampani ezimbili ezahlukene ezindaweni ezahlukene eziqhelelene ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane, okudala izinkinga ngezokuthutha kanye nezitayela zomsebenzi. Izinqubo eziningi okumele zenziwe ensimini kunzima ukuzenza endaweni yesitolo, ingasaphathwa eyokuyo ensimini. Ubunzima obukhulu buvela ngoba nje isakhiwo esinjalo asikaze sakhiwe ngaphambili. Ngakho-ke, akukho nkomba, akukho plan, akukho mephu yendlela.
U-Ethan Silva we-PSI unolwazi olukhulu ekwakheni amagobolondo, ekuqaleni emikhunjini futhi kamuva kweminye imisebenzi yobuciko, wafanelekela imisebenzi yokwakha amagobolondo eyingqayizivele. U-Anish Kapoor ucele abaphothule izifundo zefiziksi nezobuciko ukuthi banikeze imodeli encane.
“Ngakho ngenza isampula engamamitha angu-2 x 3, ucezu olucwebezelayo olugobile kahle, wathi, ‘O, ukwenzile, nguwe wedwa okwenzile,’ ngoba ubesefune iminyaka emibili i-Find someone ukuthi akwenze,” kusho uSilva.
Uhlelo lokuqala kwakuwukuthi i-PSI ibhale futhi yakhe isithombe ngokugcwele, bese ithumela yonke into eningizimu yePacific Ocean, idlule ePanama Canal, enyakatho eduze noLwandlekazi i-Atlantic, kanye nomgwaqo iSt. Lawrence Seaway iye echwebeni eliseLake Michigan, ngokusho kuka-Edward Uhlir, umqondisi omkhulu we-Millennium Park Inc. Ngokusho kwesitatimende, uhlelo lokuthutha oluklanywe ngokukhethekile luzoyithutha iye eMillennium Park. Imikhawulo yesikhathi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwaphoqa la macebo ukuba ashintshe. Ngakho-ke, amaphaneli agobile kwakudingeka alungiselelwe ukuthuthwa futhi athuthwe ngeloli aye eChicago, lapho i-MTH yayizohlanganisa khona isakhiwo esingaphansi kanye nesakhiwo esingaphezulu, futhi ixhumanise amaphaneli nesakhiwo esingaphezulu.
Ukuqedela nokupholisha ama-weld e-Cloud Gate ukuze abukeke kahle kwakungenye yezici ezinzima kakhulu zomsebenzi wokufaka nokuhlanganisa ensimini. Inqubo yezinyathelo ezingu-12 iphetha nge-rouge ekhanyayo efana ne-polish yabahlobisi bezinto zokuhloba.
“Ngakho-ke sisebenze kulowo msebenzi cishe iminyaka emithathu, senza lezi zingxenye,” kusho uSilva. “Kuwumsebenzi onzima. Isikhathi esiningi sichithwa sithola ukuthi singakwenza kanjani futhi sisebenza ngemininingwane; uyazi, siwuphelelisa nje. Indlela esisebenzisa ngayo ubuchwepheshe bamakhompyutha kanye nokusebenza kwensimbi okuhle kwakudala iwukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bokwakha kanye nobuchwepheshe bezindiza.”
Kunzima ukwenza into enkulu kangaka nesindayo ngokunemba, esho. Amapuleti amakhulu kakhulu ayenobubanzi obungamamitha angu-1.5 ububanzi namamitha angu-1.5 ubude futhi enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1,500.
“Ukwenza wonke umsebenzi we-CAD nokudala imidwebo yangempela yesitolo somsebenzi empeleni kuyiphrojekthi enkulu ngokwayo,” kusho uSilva. “Sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha ukukala amapuleti nokuhlola ngokunembile ukuma kwawo kanye nokugoba kwawo ukuze avumelane kahle.
“Senze ukumodela ngekhompyutha sabe sesikuhlukanisa,” kusho uSilva. “Ngisebenzise ulwazi lwami ngokwakhiwa kwamagobolondo, futhi nganginemibono yokuthi ngingahlukanisa kanjani izimo ukuze imigqa yokuthunga isebenze ukuze sithole imiphumela yekhwalithi engcono kakhulu.”
Amanye amapuleti ayizikwele, amanye amise okwephayi. Uma esondela ekuguqukeni okujulile, kulapho emise okwephayi khona, futhi lapho eshintsha khona ama-radial kukhulu. Phezulu, ayisicaba futhi makhulu.
USilva uthi i-Plasma inquma insimbi engagqwali engu-316L enobukhulu obuyi-1/4 kuya ku-3/8 intshi, eqinile ngokwayo. "Inselele yangempela ukuthola ama-slab amakhulu abe nokugoba okunembe ngokwanele. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokwakha nokwakha uhlaka lwesistimu yembambo ye-slab ngayinye ngokunembe kakhulu. Ngale ndlela singachaza ngokunembe ukuma kwe-slab ngayinye."
Amabhodi agoqwa kuma-roller e-3D i-PSI eyiklamile futhi yawakhiqiza ngqo ukuze igoqe la mabhodi (bheka uMfanekiso 1).”Kufana kakhulu nama-roller aseBrithani. Siwagoqa sisebenzisa indlela efana nendlela ama-fender enziwa ngayo,” kusho uSilva. Goqa iphaneli ngayinye ngokuyihambisa emuva naphambili kuma-roller, ulungise ingcindezi kuma-roller kuze kube yilapho amaphaneli esengaphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-0.01 ngobukhulu obufunwayo. Ukunemba okuphezulu okudingekayo kwenza kube nzima ukwakha amashidi kahle, esho.
Umshiseli ube esehlanganisa i-flux cored esakhiweni sesistimu ye-inner rib. "Ngombono wami, i-flux cored iyindlela enhle kakhulu yokwakha ama-weld esakhiwo ngensimbi engagqwali," kuchaza uSilva. "Ikunikeza ama-weld ekhwalithi ephezulu ngokugxila kakhulu ekukhiqizeni futhi ibukeka kahle."
Zonke izindawo zamabhodi zigaywa ngesandla futhi zigaywa ngomshini ukuze zinqunywe zibe ukunemba okufiswayo kwe-intshi ukuze zonke zilingane (bheka uMfanekiso 2). Hlola ubukhulu ngokulinganisa okunembile kanye nemishini yokuskena nge-laser. Okokugcina, ipuleti lipholishwa lize liphele esibukweni futhi limbozwe ngefilimu evikelayo.
Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zamaphaneli, kanye nesisekelo kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi, kwamiswa emhlanganweni wokuhlola ngaphambi kokuba amaphaneli athunyelwe esuka e-Auckland (bheka Imifanekiso 3 no-4). Ngahlela inqubo yokubopha futhi ngenza ukushisela komthungo emabhodini amancane ukuze ngiwahlanganise ndawonye. "Ngakho lapho sikuhlanganisa eChicago, sasazi ukuthi kuzongena," kusho uSilva.
Izinga lokushisa, isikhathi kanye nokudlidliza kweloli kungabangela ukuthi ishidi eligoqiwe likhululeke. I-ribbed grating ayiklanyelwe nje ukwandisa ukuqina kwebhodi, kodwa futhi nokugcina isimo sebhodi ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa.
Ngakho-ke, nge-reinforcement mesh ngaphakathi, ipuleti liyaphathwa ngokushisa futhi lipholiswe ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka kwezinto. Ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo oqhubekayo, kwenziwa ama-cradle epuleti ngalinye, abese elayishwa ezitsheni, cishe ezine ngesikhathi.
Ama-container abe eselayishwa emikhiqizweni eqediwe kancane, cishe amane ngesikhathi, bese ethunyelwa eChicago nabasebenzi be-PSI ukuze bafakwe nabasebenzi be-MTH. Omunye ngumuntu wezokuthutha oqondisa ezokuthutha, kanti omunye ungumphathi emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe. Usebenza nabasebenzi be-MTH nsuku zonke futhi usiza ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe obusha njengoba kudingeka. "Yebo wayeyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yale nqubo," kusho uSilva.
ULyle Hill, umongameli we-MTH, uthe i-MTH Industries ekuqaleni yayinikwe umsebenzi wokubopha isithombe esingabonakali phansi bese ifaka isakhiwo esingaphezulu, bese ihlanganisa amashidi kuso bese inika ukusantiwa kokugcina nokupholisha, ngomusa wesiqondiso sobuchwepheshe se-PSI. Ukuqedwa kwesi sithombe kusho ibhalansi phakathi kobuciko nokusebenza; ithiyori kanye neqiniso; isikhathi esidingekayo kanye nesikhathi esihleliwe.
ULou Cerny, iphini likamongameli wobunjiniyela kanye nomphathi wephrojekthi we-MTH, uthe okumthakazelisayo ngalo msebenzi ukuthi uhlukile. "Ngokwazi kwethu, kunezinto ezenzekayo kulo msebenzi ezingakaze zenziwe ngaphambili, noma ezingakaze zicatshangelwe ngaphambili," kusho uCerny.
Kodwa ukusebenza emsebenzini owuhlobo lwawo kudinga ubuhlakani obuguquguqukayo endaweni ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinselele ezingalindelekile futhi kuphendulwe imibuzo ephakamayo njengoba umsebenzi uqhubeka:
Ufaka kanjani amaphaneli ensimbi engagqwali angu-128 angangemoto esakhiweni esihlala njalo ngenkathi uwaphatha ngamagilavu ​​​​ezingane? Uyishibilika kanjani ibhontshisi enkulu efana ne-arc ngaphandle kokuthembela kuyo? Ungangena kanjani ku-weld ngaphandle kokukwazi ukushibilika ngaphakathi? Ungafinyelela kanjani isiphetho esiphelele sesibuko sama-weld ensimbi engagqwali endaweni yasensimini? Kuzokwenzekani uma umbani uwushaya?
UCerny uthe uphawu lokuqala lokuthi lokhu kuzoba umsebenzi onzima kakhulu kwaba yilapho ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kwemishini engamakhilogremu angu-30,000 kuqala. Isakhiwo sensimbi esisekela isithombe.
Nakuba insimbi eyakhiwe nge-zinc ecebile eyanikezwa yi-PSI ukuhlanganisa isisekelo sesakhiwo yayilula kakhulu ukuyikhiqiza, indawo yesakhiwo yayibekwe phakathi nendawo yokudlela kanye nengxenye ngaphezu kwendawo yokupaka izimoto, ngayinye iphakeme ngendlela ehlukile.
“Ngakho-ke isakhiwo esingaphansi sinohlobo lwe-cantilevered futhi siyaxega,” kusho uCerny. “Lapho sibeka khona insimbi eningi, kuhlanganise nasekuqaleni komsebenzi wepuleti uqobo, empeleni kwadingeka sithole i-crane ukuze ishayele emgodini ongamamitha angu-5.”
UCerny uthe basebenzise uhlelo lokunamathisela oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa uhlelo lokulayisha kusengaphambili olusebenzisa imishini, olufana nohlobo lwezinto ezisetshenziswa ekumbeni amalahle, kanye nezinye izikhonkwane zamakhemikhali. Uma isakhiwo esingaphansi kwesakhiwo sensimbi sesiqinisiwe kukhonkolo, kuyadingeka ukwakha isakhiwo esingaphezulu lapho igobolondo lizonamathiselwa khona.
“Saqala ukufaka uhlelo lwe-truss sisebenzisa izindandatho ezimbili ezinkulu zensimbi engagqwali ezingama-304 ezenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali—eyodwa engxenyeni esenyakatho yesakhiwo kanye neyodwa engxenyeni eseningizimu,” kusho uCerny (bheka Umfanekiso 3). Izindandatho zibanjwe ndawonye ngama-trusses e-criss-crossing tube. I-subframe ye-ring-core yakhiwe ngezigaba futhi iboshwe endaweni kusetshenziswa i-GMAW kanye ne-bar weld kanye ne-stiffeners ezihlanganisiwe.
“Ngakho-ke kukhona isakhiwo esikhulu esingakaze sibonwe muntu; senzelwe ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kuphela,” kusho uCerny.
Naphezu kwemizamo emihle kakhulu yokuklama, ukwakha, ukwakha nokufaka zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo zephrojekthi yase-Auckland, lesi sithombe asikaze sibonwe ngaphambili futhi ukuphula izindlela ezintsha kuhlala kuza nezimbobo nemihuzuko. Ngokufanayo, ukuhlanganisa umqondo wokukhiqiza wenkampani eyodwa nowenye akulula njengokudlulisa induku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibanga elibonakalayo phakathi kwezindawo labangela ukubambezeleka kokulethwa, okwenza ukukhiqiza okuthile endaweni kube okunengqondo.
“Ngenkathi izinqubo zokuhlanganisa nokushisela zihlelwe kusenesikhathi e-Oakland, izimo zangempela zendawo zazidinga ubuhlakani bokuzivumelanisa nezimo kubo bonke,” kusho uSilva. “Futhi abasebenzi benyunyana bahle kakhulu.”
Phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala, inqubo yansuku zonke ye-MTH kwakuwukunquma ukuthi umsebenzi wosuku wawuhilelani nokuthi zingakhiwa kanjani kangcono ezinye zezingxenye zokumisa uhlaka olungaphansi, kanye nezinye izinduku, “izimbozo zokushaqeka,” izingalo, izikhonkwane, kanye nezikhonkwane. Izinti ze-pogo zazidinga ukudala uhlelo lwesikhashana lokusibekela, kusho u-Er.
"Kuyinqubo eqhubekayo yokuklama nokukhiqiza ngokushesha ukuze izinto ziqhubeke nokuhamba futhi zifike endaweni ngokushesha. Sichitha isikhathi esiningi sihlela lokho esinakho, siklama kabusha futhi siklama kabusha kwezinye izimo, bese sikhiqiza izingxenye ezidingekayo."
“Empeleni, sizoba nezinto eziyi-10 ngoLwesibili okumele sizilethe endaweni ngoLwesithathu,” kusho uHill. “Kukhona isikhathi esiningi esengeziwe kanye nomsebenzi omningi esitolo owenziwa phakathi nobusuku.”
“Cishe amaphesenti angama-75 ezingxenye zokumiswa kwebhodi zenziwe noma zashintshwa ensimini,” kusho uCerny. “Izikhathi ezimbalwa, sasizilungiselela usuku lwamahora angama-24. Ngangiba sesitolo kuze kube ngu-2, 3 ekuseni, bese ngiya ekhaya ngiyogeza, ngithathe ngo-5:30 ekuseni, bese ngimanzi.”
Uhlelo lokumiswa lwesikhashana i-MTH lokuhlanganisa indlu luqukethe iziphethu, izinduku kanye nezintambo. Zonke izihlanganisi phakathi kwamapuleti zihlanganiswe ndawonye okwesikhashana. "Ngakho-ke sonke isakhiwo sixhunywe ngomshini, sixhunywe ngaphakathi, ngama-trusses angu-304," kusho uCerny.
Baqala ngedome engaphansi kwesifanekiso se-omhalus – “inkaba yenkinobho yesisu”. Idome yalengiswa ezisekelweni kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwesikhashana lokusekela isiphethu sokumiswa esinamaphuzu amane oluqukethe ama-hangers, izintambo kanye neziphethu. UCerny uthe isiphethu sinikeza “ukunikeza nokwamukela” njengoba kwengezwa amabhodi engeziwe. Iziphethu zibe sezilungiswa ngokusekelwe esisindweni esengezwe yipuleti ngalinye ukusiza ukulinganisela isithombe sonke.
Ibhodi ngalinye kulawa angu-168 linesistimu yalo yokusekela intwasahlobo yokumiswa enamaphuzu amane ngakho-ke lisekelwa ngalinye uma lisendaweni yalo. “Umqondo awukugcizeleli kakhulu noma yimaphi amalunga ngoba lawo malungu ahlanganiswa ukuze kufezwe igebe elingu-0/0,” kusho uCerny. “Uma ibhodi lishaya ibhodi elingaphansi kwalo, lingabangela ukugoba nezinye izinkinga.”
Njengobufakazi bokunemba komsebenzi we-PSI, ukuhlanganiswa kuhle kakhulu kunezikhala ezimbalwa. “I-PSI yenze umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokwenza amaphaneli,” kusho uCerny. “Ngibanika lonke udumo ngoba ekugcineni, alingana kahle. Ukufakwa kwawo kuhle kakhulu, okuyinto enhle kimi. Sikhuluma, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kweyintshi. Ipuleti libekwe phezu kwayo Kukhona unqenqema oluvaliwe ndawonye.”
“Lapho beqeda ukuhlanganisa, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi sekuqediwe,” kusho uSilva, hhayi nje ngoba imithungo iqinile, kodwa ngoba izingxenye ezihlanganiswe ngokuphelele, kanye namapuleti acwebezelisiwe kakhulu esibukweni, seziqalile ukusebenza ukuze zibonise indawo ezungezile. Kodwa imithungo yezinqe iyabonakala, i-mercury ewuketshezi ayinayo imithungo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithombe kusadingeka sihlanganiswe ngokugcwele ukuze silondoloze ubuqotho besakhiwo saso ezizukulwaneni ezizayo, kusho uSilva.
Ukuqedwa kwe-Cloud Gate kwadingeka kumiswe ngesikhathi kuvulwa ipaki enkulu ekwindla ka-2004, ngakho-ke i-omhalus yayiyi-GTAW ephilayo, futhi lokho kwaqhubeka izinyanga ezimbalwa.
“Ungabona amabala amancane ansundu, angama-TIG solder joints azungeze isakhiwo sonke,” kusho uCerny. “Saqala ukwakha kabusha amatende ngoJanuwari.”
“Inselele enkulu elandelayo yokukhiqiza yalo msebenzi kwakuwukushisela umthungo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunemba kwesimo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kokushisela,” kusho uSilva.
UCerny uthe ukushisela nge-plasma kunikeza amandla nokuqina okudingekayo ngengozi encane ephepheni. Ingxube ye-argon engu-98%/2% ye-helium isebenza kahle kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukungcola nokuthuthukisa ukuhlangana.
Abashiseli basebenzisa amasu okushisela e-keyhole plasma besebenzisa imithombo yamandla ye-Thermal Arc® kanye nezinhlangano ezikhethekile ze-tractor kanye ne-torch ezakhiwe futhi zasetshenziswa yi-PSI.