Chiono chaAnish Kapoor chemufananidzo weCloud Gate uri muMillennium Park muChicago ndechekuti wakafanana nemercury yemvura, uchiratidza guta rakatenderedza zvakanaka. Kuwana mukana uyu ibasa rerudo.
"Chandaida kuita muMillennium Park kwaive kugadzira chimwe chinhu chaizokwana muChicago skyline ... kuitira kuti vanhu vaone makore achiyangarara mairi uye zvivakwa zvirefu kwazvo zvichiratidzwa mubasa. Zvadaro, Nekuda kwechimiro chayo pamusuwo, mutori wechikamu, vateereri, vachakwanisa kupinda mukamuri iri rakadzika kwazvo, nenzira inoita chinhu chimwe chete kuratidzwa kwemunhu sezvinoita kunze kwebasa kuratidzwa kwezvinhu zvakapoteredza guta." - muimbi weBritain ane mukurumbira pasi rose Anish Kapoor, muvezi weCloud Gate
Tichitarisa pamusoro pechifananidzo ichi chikuru chesimbi isina ngura, zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti simbi nehushingi hwakadii huri pasi pacho. Cloud Gate inovanza nyaya dzevagadziri vesimbi vanopfuura zana, vacheki, vanowelders, vanochekerera, mainjiniya, matekiniki, vashandi vesimbi, vanoisa, uye mamaneja—kwemakore mashanu.
Vazhinji vaishanda nguva yakawandisa, vachiita mabasa emuworkshop pakati pehusiku, vachidzika musasa panzvimbo yacho, uye vachishanda nesimba pakupisa kwemadhigirii 110 vakapfeka masutu eTyvek® akazara uye ma respirators ehafu-mask. Vamwe vanoshanda munzvimbo dzisingabvumidzwe negiravhiti, vakarembera pamabhandi ezvigaro uku vakabata maturusi uye vachishanda panzvimbo dzinotsvedza. Zvese zvinoitwa zvishoma (uye kupfuura) kuitira kuti zvisingagoneke zviitike.
Kusimbisa pfungwa yaAnish Kapoor yemakore anoyangarara muchimiro chesimbi isina ngura ine hurefu hwematani 110, hurefu hwemamita 66, hurefu hwemamita 33, raive basa rekambani yekugadzira Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, CA, neMTH, Villa Park, IL. Pagore rayo rechi120, MTH ndeimwe yemakambani ekare ekugadzira zvivakwa zvesimbi negirazi munzvimbo yeChicago.
Zvinodiwa kuti chirongwa ichi chibudirire zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi, hunyanzvi, hunyanzvi hwemakanika uye ruzivo rwekugadzira rwemakambani ese ari maviri. Vanogadzirisa uye vanotovaka michina yechirongwa ichi.
Mamwe ematambudziko epurojekiti iyi anobva pachimiro chayo chakakombama zvisinganzwisisike - dot kana kuti dumbu rakatenderedzwa - uye mamwe kubva pahukuru hwayo. Zvifananidzo izvi zvakavakwa nemakambani maviri akasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, zvichikonzera matambudziko ekufambisa uye maitiro ebasa. Maitiro mazhinji anofanirwa kuitwa mumunda akaoma kuita munzvimbo yechitoro, tisingatauri nezvemunda. Dambudziko guru rinomuka nekuti chivakwa chakadaro hachina kumbogadzirwa kare. Saka, hapana referensi, hapana purani, hapana gwara remugwagwa.
Ethan Silva wePSI ane ruzivo rwakakura mukuvaka magoko, pakutanga mungarava uye gare gare mune mamwe mapurojekiti eunyanzvi, akakodzera mabasa akasiyana ekuvaka magoko. Anish Kapoor akakumbira vadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza fizikisi neunyanzvi kuti vape modhi diki.
“Saka ndakagadzira sampuro ye 2 x 3 metres, chidimbu chakakwenenzverwa chakatsetseka, uye akati, ‘Oh, ndiwe wakaita, ndiwe wega wakaita,’ nekuti akanga achitsvaga kwemakore maviri kuti Find someone aite,” akadaro Silva.
Chirongwa chekutanga chaive chekuti PSI igadzire chifananidzo zvizere uye ivake chifananidzo, uye yozotumira chifananidzo chose kumaodzanyemba kwePacific Ocean, kuburikidza nePanama Canal, kuchamhembe neAtlantic Ocean, uye neSt. Lawrence Seaway kuenda kuchiteshi cheLake Michigan, sekureva kwaEdward Uhlir, mukuru weMillennium Park Inc. Sekureva kwechirevo ichi, sisitimu yakagadzirwa zvakanaka yekutakura zvinhu ichachiendesa kuMillennium Park. Zvishoma zvenguva uye kushanda kwacho zvakamanikidza zvirongwa izvi kuchinja. Saka, mapaneru akakombama aifanira kugadzirira kutakurwa uye kuendeswa nemotokari kuenda kuChicago, uko MTH yaizounganidza substructure ne superstructure, uye kubatanidza mapaneru ne superstructure.
Kupedzisa nekupukuta ma weld eCloud Gate kuti aonekwe zvakanaka kwaive chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma pabasa rekuisa nekusanganisa. Maitiro aya ane matanho gumi nemaviri anopera ne rouge inopenya yakafanana ne polish yemugadziri wezvishongo.
"Saka takashanda pabasa iroro kwemakore matatu, tichigadzira zvikamu izvi," akadaro Silva. "Ibasa rakaoma. Nguva yakawanda iyoyo inopedzwa tichifunga kuti tingazviita sei uye tichigadzirisa zvinhu; unoziva, kungozvigadzirisa. Mashandisiro atinoita tekinoroji yemakomputa nekugadzira simbi kwekare ndeyekugadzira nekugadzira tekinoroji yemuchadenga."
Zvakaoma kugadzira chinhu chakakura uye chinorema kudaro nemazvo, akadaro. Maplate makuru aisvika paavhareji yehupamhi hwemamita 1.2 nehupamhi hwemamita 1.8 uye airema mapaundi 1.500.
"Kuita basa rese reCAD uye kugadzira madhirowa chaiwo echitoro chebasa iri ibasa guru pacharo," anodaro Silva. "Tinoshandisa tekinoroji yemakombiyuta kuyera maplate uye kuongorora nemazvo chimiro chawo nekukombama kwawo kuitira kuti akwane pamwe chete nemazvo.
"Takaita mamodheru emakombiyuta ndokuzoapatsanura," akadaro Silva. "Ndakashandisa ruzivo rwangu nekugadzira masherufu, uye ndaiva nemazano ekuti ndingapatsanura sei maumbirwo kuti mitsetse ishande zvakanaka kuitira kuti tiwane mhedzisiro yepamusoro."
Mamwe maplate ane sikweya, mamwe akaita sepai. Kana ari pedyo nekuchinja kwakadzika, anenge akaita sepai, uye kuchinja kwacho kwakakura. Pamusoro, anenge akati sandara uye akakura.
Plasma inocheka simbi isina ngura ine ukobvu hwe 316L ine 1/4- kusvika 3/8-inch, iyo yakasimba zvakakwana yoga, anodaro Silva. "Dambudziko guru nderekuti slabs hombe dzisvike pakukombama kwakanyatsojeka. Izvi zvinoitwa nekugadzira uye kugadzira furemu yehurongwa hwembabvu yeslab yega yega nemazvo. Nenzira iyi tinogona kunyatsotsanangura chimiro cheslab yega yega."
Mabhodhi anomonerwa pamaroller e3D akagadzirwa nePSI uye akagadzirwa zvakanangana nekumonerwa kwemabhodhi aya (ona Mufananidzo 1).”Imhando yehama yemaroller ekuBritain. Tinoamonera tichishandisa nzira yakafanana neyakagadzirwa mafender,” akadaro Silva. Peta panel yega yega nekuifambisa mberi nekudzoka kumashure pamaroller, uchigadzirisa kumanikidzwa kwemaroller kusvika mapaneru asvika mukati me 0.01 inches yehukuru hwaunoda. Kunyatsojeka kunodiwa kunoita kuti zviome kugadzira mapepa zvakanaka, akadaro.
Muchina wekunamira wesimbi anobva abatanidza flux cored ne inner rib system structure. "Semaonero angu, flux cored inzira yakanaka yekugadzira structural welds nesimbi isingatsvedzeri," anotsanangura Silva. "Inokupa welds dzemhando yepamusoro dzakanyanya kutarisisa kugadzirwa uye dzinotaridzika zvakanaka."
Nzvimbo dzese dzemapuranga dzinogadzirwa nemaoko uye dzinogayiwa nemuchina kuti dzicheke kusvika pakukwana kweinji imwe chete kuitira kuti dzese dzikwane pamwe chete (ona Mufananidzo 2). Tarisa saizi yacho nekuyera nemazvo uye nemidziyo yekuongorora nelaser. Pakupedzisira, ndiro yacho inokwenenzverwa kusvika yagadzirwa negirazi uye yakafukidzwa nefirimu rekudzivirira.
Chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemapaneru, pamwe chete nehwaro nechimiro chemukati, zvakaiswa muchikamu chekuedza mapaneru asati atumirwa kubva kuAuckland (ona Mifananidzo 3 ne4). Ndakaronga maitiro ekubatanidza mapendekete uye ndakaita welding yemusono pamapuranga madiki kuti ndiabatanidze pamwe chete. "Saka patakaita kuti zvive pamwe chete muChicago, taiziva kuti zvaizokwana," akadaro Silva.
Kupisa, nguva uye kudedera kwerori zvinogona kukonzera kuti jira rakamonerwa risununguke. Girazi rine mitsetse harina kugadzirirwa chete kuwedzera kuomarara kwebhodhi, asiwo kuchengetedza chimiro chebhodhi panguva yekufambisa.
Saka, nesimbi yekusimbisa iri mukati, ndiro yacho inorapwa nekupisa uye inotonhodzwa kuti isanyanya kushushikana nezvinhu. Kuti zvisanyanya kukuvara pakufamba, mapuranga eplate imwe neimwe anogadzirwa, ayo anozoiswa mumidziyo, inenge mina panguva imwe chete.
Makontena acho akazoiswa muzvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa zvishoma, zvinenge zvina panguva imwe chete, ndokutumirwa kuChicago nevashandi vePSI kuti vanoisa pamwe chete nevashandi veMTH. Mumwe ndiye munhu wekutakura zvinhu anotungamira kutakurwa kwezvinhu, uye mumwe ndiye mutariri webasa rehunyanzvi. Anoshanda nevashandi veMTH zuva nezuva uye anobatsira kugadzira matekinoroji matsva sezvinodiwa. "Zvechokwadi aive chikamu chakakosha chebasa iri," akadaro Silva.
Lyle Hill, mutungamiri weMTH, akati MTH Industries pakutanga yakapihwa basa rekuchengetedza chifananidzo ichi pasi uye kuisa chivakwa chepamusoro, vozobatanidza machira acho uye kupa sandpaper yekupedzisira nekupolisha, nerubatsiro rwePSI Technical guidance. Kupedzwa kwechifananidzo kunoreva kuenzana pakati pehunyanzvi nekushanda; dzidziso nechokwadi; nguva inodiwa nenguva yakarongwa.
Lou Cerny, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weinjiniya uye maneja wepurojekiti weMTH, akati chinomufadza nezvechirongwa ichi ndechekuti chakasiyana nemamwe mabasa acho. "Sekuziva kwedu, pane zvinhu zviri kuitika pachirongwa ichi zvisati zvamboitwa, kana kuti zvisati zvambofungwa nezvazvo," Cerny akadaro.
Asi kushanda pabasa rekutanga kunoda hunyanzvi hunochinjika panzvimbo kuti ugadzirise matambudziko asingatarisirwi uye upindure mibvunzo inomuka sezvo basa richifambira mberi:
Ungaisa sei mapaneru esimbi isina ngura 128 emota panzvimbo inogara iripo uchiabata nemagirovhosi evana? Ungasveta sei bhinzi hombe yakaita searc usingavimbi nayo? Ungasveta sei bhinzi isina ngura usingakwanise kusveta kubva mukati? Ungasveta sei girazi rakakwana remawelds esimbi isina ngura mumunda? Chii chichaitika kana mheni ikarova?
Cerny akati chiratidzo chekutanga chekuti ichi chaizova chirongwa chakaoma zvikuru, ndipo pakatanga kuvaka nekuisa michina inorema mapaundi zviuru makumi matatu. Chivako chesimbi chinotsigira chifananidzo.
Kunyange hazvo simbi yekuvaka yakapfuma zinc yakapihwa nePSI yekubatanidza hwaro hwechivako chayo yaive nyore kugadzira, nzvimbo yekuvaka yaive pakati peresitorendi uye hafu pamusoro penzvimbo yekupaka mota, imwe neimwe iri pakukwirira kwakasiyana.
"Saka chivakwa chacho chakaita sechisina tambo uye chakatetepa," akadaro Cerny. "Patakaisa simbi iyi yakawanda, kusanganisira pakutanga kwebasa remaplate pacharo, taifanira kuita kuti crane ipinde mugomba remamita mashanu."
Cerny akati vaishandisa sisitimu yekunamira yakasimba kwazvo, kusanganisira sisitimu yekuisa zvinhu pakare, yakafanana nemhando yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukuchera marasha, uye mamwe maankora emakemikari. Kana chivakwa chesimbi chaiswa mukongiri, zvinodikanwa kuvaka chivakwa chepamusoro-soro chichanamatidzwa goko racho.
"Takatanga kuisa sisitimu yetruss tichishandisa maO-rings maviri makuru akagadzirwa nesimbi isina ngura ye304—imwe iri kuchamhembe kwechivakwa uye imwe iri kuchamhembe," anodaro Cerny (ona Mufananidzo 3). MaRintes aya anobatanidzwa pamwe chete nemaCriss-crossing tube trusses. Ring-core subframe inovakwa muzvikamu uye inosungirirwa panzvimbo imwe chete tichishandisa GMAW nebar weld uye welded stiffeners.
"Saka kune chivakwa chikuru chisina kumboonekwa nemunhu; chakagadzirirwa kuumbwa kwechivakwa chete," Cerny akadaro.
Pasinei nekuedza kwakanakisisa kugadzira, kugadzira, kugadzira uye kuisa zvese zvinodiwa pachirongwa cheAuckland, chifananidzo ichi hachina kumboitika uye nzira itsva dzinogara dzichiuya nemaburi nemavanga. Saizvozvowo, kubatanidza pfungwa yekugadzira yekambani imwe neimwe hakusi nyore sekupfuudza tsvimbo. Pamusoro pezvo, daro riripo pakati penzvimbo dzakakonzera kunonoka kwekutumira, izvo zvakaita kuti zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvive zvine musoro.
"Kunyange zvazvo nzira dzekubatanidza nekunamira dzakarongwa pachine nguva muOakland, mamiriro chaiwo enzvimbo yacho aida hunyanzvi hwemunhu wese hwekugadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu," akadaro Silva. "Uye vashandi vesangano revashandi vakanaka chaizvo."
Mumwedzi mishoma yekutanga, maitiro ezuva nezuva eMTH aive ekuona kuti basa rezuva nezuva raisanganisirei uye kuti zvingagadzirwa sei zvimwe zvezvinhu zvekumisa subframe, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu zvinosunga, "zvinodzivirira kuvhunduka," maoko, mapegi, nemapini. Zvimiti zvepogo zvaidiwa kugadzira sisitimu yesiding yenguva pfupi, akadaro Er.
"Inzira iri kuenderera mberi yekugadzira nekugadzira nekukurumidza kuti zvinhu zvifambe uye zvisvike panzvimbo iyi nekukurumidza. Tinopedza nguva yakawanda tichiongorora zvatiinazvo, tichigadzira patsva uye tichigadzira patsva mune dzimwe nguva, uye tobva tagadzira zvikamu zvinodiwa."
"Chaizvoizvo, tichava nezvinhu gumi neChipiri zvatichafanira kuendesa panzvimbo yacho neChitatu," akadaro Hill. "Pane nguva yakawanda yekuwedzera uye basa rakawanda remuchitoro rinoitwa pakati pehusiku."
"Inenge 75 muzana yezvinhu zvinosungirirwa pabhodhi zvinogadzirwa kana kugadziriswa mumunda," akadaro Cerny. "Kazhinji, taizoshanda maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva. Ndaiva muchitoro kusvika na2, na3am, uye ndaizoenda kumba kunogeza, kunotora na5:30am, asi ndaizongonyorova."
Sisitimu yekumisikidza kwenguva pfupi MTH yekubatanidza imba yacho ine maspiringi, mastrati netambo. Majoini ese ari pakati pemaplate akabatanidzwa pamwe chete kwenguva pfupi. "Saka chivakwa chose chakabatana nehunyanzvi, chakarembera kubva mukati, nematanda mazana matatu nemana," Cerny akadaro.
Vanotanga nedome riri pasi pechifananidzo cheomhalus - "guvhu regumbo". Dome rakasungirirwa kubva pamatanda esimbi uchishandisa sisitimu yechitubu chenguva pfupi ine mapoinzi mana ine ma hangers, tambo nema springs.Cerny akati chitubu chinopa "kupa uye kugamuchira" sezvo mamwe mabhodhi achiwedzerwa. Masipiringi anozogadziriswa zvichienderana nehuremu hunowedzerwa neplate yega yega kuti chibatanidze chifananidzo chose.
Bhodhi rega rega re168 rine sisitimu yaro yekutsigira chitubu chesimbi ine mapoinzi mana saka inotsigirwa yega yega kana iripo. "Pfungwa haisi yekusimbisa zvakanyanya chero majoini nekuti majoini iwayo anoiswa pamwe chete kuti pave nemukana we0/0," Cerny akadaro. "Kana bhodhi rikarova bhodhi riri pasi paro, rinogona kukonzera kutsemuka nemamwe matambudziko."
Seuchapupu hwekururama kwebasa rePSI, kubatanidzwa kwayo kwakanaka kwazvo pasina mipata mishoma. "PSI yakaita basa rakanaka kwazvo rekugadzira mapaneru," anodaro Cerny. "Ndinovapa rumbidzo yese nekuti pakupedzisira, anonyatsokwana. Kuiswa kwayo kwakanaka kwazvo, izvo zvakanaka kwandiri. Tiri kutaura, chiuru cheinji. Ndiro yakaiswa pairi. Pane mupendero wakavharwa pamwe chete."
"Pavanopedza kugadzira, vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti zvapera," akadaro Silva, kwete chete nekuti misono yacho yakasimba, asi nekuti zvikamu zvakaungana zvakakwana, uye magirazi akakwenenzverwa zvakanyanya, zvave kushanda kuti zviratidze zvakavapoteredza. Asi misono yemusana inoonekwa, mvura yemercury haina misono. Pamusoro pezvo, chifananidzo ichi chaifanira kunge chakasungirirwa zvakakwana kuti chirambe chakasimba muchimiro chayo chezvizvarwa zvinotevera, akadaro Silva.
Kupedzwa kweCloud Gate kwakambomiswa panguva yekuvhurwa kukuru kwepaki iyi mumatsutso a2004, saka omhalus yaive GTAW iripo, uye izvozvo zvakaramba zvakadaro kwemwedzi mishoma.
"Unogona kuona madota madiki ebrown, ari majoini eTIG solder akakomberedza chivako chose," Cerny akadaro. "Takatanga kuvakazve matende muna Ndira."
"Dambudziko guru rinotevera rekugadzira purojekiti iyi raive rekusundira musono pasina kurasikirwa nechimiro chakarurama nekuda kwekushanduka kwekushomeka kwewelding," akadaro Silva.
Kuwedera kweplasma kunopa simba rinodiwa uye kuomarara pasina njodzi huru kune jira, Cerny akadaro. Musanganiswa we98% argon/2% helium unoshanda zvakanyanya mukuderedza kusvibiswa uye kuwedzera kusanganiswa.
Vanowedera vanoshandisa matekiniki ekuwedera eplasma vachishandisa maturusi emagetsi eThermal Arc® uye magungano etractor netochi akagadzirwa uye anoshandiswa nePSI.