Ko te moemoeā a Anish Kapoor mō te whakairo o Cloud Gate i te Millennium Park o Chicago he rite ki te wai mercury, e whakaata ana i te tāone e karapoti ana. He mahi aroha te whakatutuki i tēnei hononga pai.
"Ko taku i hiahia ai ki te mahi i Millennium Park he hanga i tētahi mea e uru ana ki te tirohanga o Chicago…kia kite ai te iwi i ngā kapua e rere ana i roto, me aua whare tino teitei e whakaata ana i roto i te mahi toi. Kātahi, nā tōna āhua i te tatau, ka taea e te kaiuru, te hunga mātakitaki, te tomo ki tēnei rūma hohonu rawa, i te huarahi e mahi ana i te mea kotahi ki te whakaata o te tangata, pērā i te āhua o waho o te mahi toi ki te whakaata o ngā mea o te tāone e karapoti ana." – te tohunga toi rongonui o te ao o Peretānia, a Anish Kapoor, te kaiwhakairo o Cloud Gate
Ki te titiro atu ki te mata marino o tēnei whakairo kowiri tira nui, he uaua ki te matapae i te nui o te konganuku me te maia kei raro i tōna mata. Kei roto i te pukapuka Cloud Gate ngā kōrero mō ngā kaihanga konganuku neke atu i te 100, ngā kaitapahi, ngā kaiwhakarewa, ngā kaikōti, ngā miihini, ngā tohunga hangarau, ngā kaimahi rino, ngā kaiwhakauru, me ngā kaiwhakahaere—i roto i ngā tau e rima neke atu.
He tokomaha i mahi tāpiri, i mahi i ngā mahi awheawhe i waenganui pō, i puni i te papa mahi, i mahi i ngā pāmahana 110-tohu i roto i ngā hūtu Tyvek® katoa me ngā manawa haurua-kōpare. Ko ētahi i mahi i ngā tūranga e ārai ana i te kaha ā-papa, e iri ana i ngā whitiki nohoanga me te pupuri i ngā taputapu me te mahi i ngā pari pahekeheke. He iti noa te mahi a ngā mea katoa (ā, he nui rawa atu) kia taea ai te mea kāore e taea.
Ko te mahi a te kamupene hanga Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, CA, me MTH, Villa Park, IL, ko te whakakaha i te ariā a te kaiwhakairo a Anish Kapoor mō ngā kapua e rere ana ki roto i tētahi whakairo maitai kore waikura 110-tana, 66-putu te roa, 33-putu te teitei. I tōna huritau 120, ko MTH tētahi o ngā kaiwhakatū hoahoa hanganga whakarewa me te karāhe tawhito rawa atu i te rohe o Chicago.
Ko ngā whakaritenga mō te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa ka whakamahi i te mahi toi, te auahatanga, ngā pūkenga mīhini me te mōhiotanga hanga o ngā kamupene e rua. I hangaia e rātou ngā taputapu ritenga mō te kaupapa, ā, i hangaia hoki e rātou.
Ko ētahi o ngā wero o te kaupapa i ahu mai i tōna āhua piko rerekē – he ira, he puku rānei kua hurihia – ā, ko ētahi i tōna rahi rawa. I hangaia ngā whakairo e ngā kamupene rerekē e rua i ngā wāhi rerekē e mano maero te tawhiti, ā, ka puta he raruraru ki te kawe waka me ngā momo mahi. He maha ngā tukanga me mahi i te mara he uaua ki te mahi i roto i te taiao toa, ā, kāore anō kia kōrerohia i te mara. He nui te uauatanga ka puta mai nā te mea kāore anō kia hangaia he hanganga pēnei i mua. Nō reira, kāore he tohutoro, kāore he mahere, kāore he mahere whenua.
He nui ngā wheako o Ethan Silva o PSI ki te hanga anga, i te tīmatanga i runga i ngā kaipuke, ā, i muri mai i roto i ētahi atu kaupapa toi, ā, i whai tohu ia mō ngā mahi hanga anga ahurei. I tono a Anish Kapoor ki ngā tauira ahupūngao me ngā toi kia whakaratohia he tauira iti.
"Nō reira i hanga e au he tauira 2 x 3 mita, he mea piko maeneene kua orohia, ā, ka mea ia, 'Āe, nāu i mahi, ko koe anake te tangata i mahi,' nā te mea e rua tau ia e rapu ana i te Kimihia tētahi hei mahi," te kī a Silva.
Ko te mahere taketake kia hangaia katoatia e PSI te whakairo, kātahi ka tukuna te taonga katoa ki te tonga o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, mā te Awa o Panama, ki te raki i te Moana Ataratiki, me te taha o te Moana o St. Lawrence ki tētahi tauranga i te Roto o Michigan, e ai ki a Edward Uhlir, te kaiwhakahaere matua o Millennium Park Inc. E ai ki te kōrero, ka haria e tētahi pūnaha kawe waka motuhake ki Millennium Park. Nā ngā herenga wā me te whaihua i huri ai ēnei mahere. Nō reira, me whakarite ngā panera piko mō te kawe me te kawe taraka ki Chicago, ki reira ka huihuia e MTH te hanganga raro me te hanganga o runga, ka hono i ngā panera ki te hanganga o runga.
Ko te whakaoti me te whakakanapa i ngā whakarewa o te Cloud Gate kia maeneene te āhua ko tētahi o ngā wāhanga tino uaua o te mahi tāutanga me te huihuinga i te parae. Ka mutu te tukanga 12-taahiraa me te whero kanapa e rite ana ki te whakakanapa a te kaihanga whakapaipai.
"Nō reira, e toru tau pea te roa o tā mātou mahi i taua kaupapa, e hanga ana i ēnei wāhanga," te kī a Silva. "He mahi uaua. He nui te wā e pau ana ki te whakaaro me pēhea te mahi me te whakaoti i ngā taipitopito; e mōhio ana koe, ko te whakapai ake noa iho. Ko te huarahi e whakamahia ai e mātou te hangarau rorohiko me te mahi whakarewa tawhito ko te whakakotahitanga o te hanga me te hangarau rererangi."
He uaua ki te hanga i tētahi mea nui, taumaha hoki me te tino tika, e ai ki tāna. Ko te toharite o ngā pereti nui rawa ko te 7 putu te whānui, 11 putu te roa, ā, ko te taumaha he 1,500 pauna.
"He kaupapa nui te mahi i ngā mahi CAD katoa me te waihanga i ngā tuhi toa mō te mahi," te kī a Silva. "Ka whakamahia e mātou te hangarau rorohiko hei ine i ngā pereti, hei aromatawai tika hoki i tō rātou āhua me te piko kia tika ai te uru tahi."
"I mahi mātou i te whakatauira rorohiko, kātahi ka wehewehea," te kī a Silva. "I whakamahia e au taku wheako ki te hanga anga, ā, i a au ētahi whakaaro mō te wehewehe i ngā āhua kia pai ai te mahi a ngā raina tuitui kia whiwhi ai mātou i ngā hua kounga pai rawa atu."
He tapawhā ētahi pereti, he āhua pai ētahi. Ka tata atu ki tētahi whakawhiti pari, ka nui ake te āhua pai, ā, ka nui ake te whakawhiti porowhita. I te tihi, he papatahi, he nui ake.
Ka tapahia e te plasma te maitai kore waikura 316L he 1/4 ki te 3/8-inihi te matotoru, he kaha rawa atu i a ia anō, e ai ki a Silva. "Ko te wero tūturu ko te tiki i ngā pereti nunui ki tētahi piko tika. Ka mahia tēnei mā te hanga me te hanga i te anga pūnaha rara mō ia pereti me te tino tika. Mā tēnei ka taea e tātou te tautuhi tika i te āhua o ia pereti."
Ka hurihia ngā papa ki runga i ngā roera 3D i hangaia, i hangaia hoki e PSI mō te hurihuri i ēnei papa (tirohia te Pikitia 1). "He whanaunga tēnei ki ngā roera o Peretānia. Ka hurihia e mātou mā te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga e rite ana ki te hanga o ngā parepare," te kī a Silva. Pikohia ia panera mā te neke whakamua, whakamua hoki i runga i ngā roera, me te whakarite i te pēhanga ki runga i ngā roera kia tae rā anō ngā panera ki roto i te 0.01 inihi o te rahi e hiahiatia ana. Nā te tino tika e hiahiatia ana ka uaua te hanga pepa maeneene, e ai ki a ia.
Kātahi ka tuitui te kaitārai i te pūtake rere ki te hanganga o roto o te pūnaha rara. "Ki taku whakaaro, he huarahi pai te pūtake rere ki te hanga i ngā whakarewa hanganga i roto i te maitai kore waikura," te whakamārama a Silva. "Ka hoatu he whakarewa kounga teitei me te arotahi nui ki te whakaputa, ā, he ātaahua te āhua."
Ka hurihia ā-ringa ngā mata katoa o ngā papa, ka mirahia hoki mā te mīhini hei kutikuti i te tika e hiahiatia ana kia rite ki te mano inihi kia uru tahi ai (tirohia te Pikitia 2). Tirohia ngā inenga mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu ine tika me te matawai laser. Hei whakamutunga, ka orohia te pereti kia rite ki te whakaata, ā, ka hipokina ki te kiriata tiaki.
Tata ki te kotahi hautoru o ngā panera, me te turanga me te hanganga o roto, i whakatūria i roto i te huihuinga whakamātautau i mua i te tukunga mai o ngā panera mai i Tāmaki Makaurau (tirohia ngā Pikitia 3 me te 4). I whakamaheretia te tukanga taha, ā, i mahia ētahi hononga tuitui ki ētahi papa iti hei hono i a rātou. "Nō reira, i te wā i huihuia ai e mātou ki Chicago, i mōhio mātou ka uru," te kī a Silva.
Ka taea e te pāmahana, te wā me te wiri o te taraka te whakangawari i te pepa kua hurihia. Ehara i te mea ko te whatu rara anake te mea i hangaia hei whakanui ake i te pakari o te papa, engari hei pupuri hoki i te āhua o te papa i te wā e kawehia ana.
Nō reira, mā te mata whakakaha i roto, ka whakamahanahia te pereti, ka whakamataohia hoki hei whakamama i te taumahatanga o ngā rauemi. Hei ārai i te kino i te wā e kawe ana, ka hangaia he whāriki mō ia pereti, kātahi ka utaina ki runga i ngā ipu, kia whā i te wā kotahi.
Kātahi ka utaina ngā ipu ki roto i ngā hua haurua-oti, tata ki te whā i te wā kotahi, ā, ka tukuna ki Chicago me ngā kaimahi PSI hei tāutanga me ngā kaimahi MTH. Ko tētahi te tangata whakahaere i ngā mahi kawe, ko tētahi te kaiwhakahaere i te wāhanga hangarau. Ka mahi tahi ia me ngā kaimahi MTH i ia rā, ā, ka āwhina i te whakawhanake i ngā hangarau hou ina hiahiatia. "He wāhanga tino nui ia o te tukanga," te kī a Silva.
I kī a Lyle Hill, te perehitini o MTH, ko te mahi tuatahi mā MTH Industries he whakau i te whakairo ataahua ki te whenua, me te tāuta i te hanganga o runga, kātahi ka whakarewahia ngā pepa ki reira, me te mahi i te kirikiri me te whakakanapa whakamutunga, nā te aratohu hangarau a PSI. Ko te otinga o te whakairo he taurite i waenga i te toi me te mahi whaihua; te ariā me te mooni; te wā e hiahiatia ana me te wā kua whakaritea.
I mea atu a Lou Cerny, te tumuaki tuarua mō te miihini me te kaiwhakahaere kaupapa o MTH, ko te mea e pārekareka ana ki a ia mō te kaupapa ko tōna ahurei. "E mōhio ana mātou, kei te haere tonu ētahi mea i roto i tēnei kaupapa kāore anō kia mahia i mua, kāore anō rānei kia whakaarohia i mua," te kī a Cerny.
Engari ko te mahi i tētahi mahi hou o tōna momo me whai pūkenga ngāwari i te papa mahi hei whakatutuki i ngā wero ohorere me te whakautu i ngā pātai e ara ake ana i te haere tonu o te mahi:
Me pēhea te whakauru i ngā panera maitai kore waikura 128 te rahi, rite ki te rahi o te motuka, ki tētahi hanganga pumau, me te whakamahi i ngā karapu tamariki? Me pēhea te whakarewa i tētahi pīni āhua-pewa nui, me te kore e whakawhirinaki ki a ia? Me pēhea te uru ki tētahi whakarewa me te kore e taea te whakarewa mai i roto? Me pēhea te whakatutuki i tētahi whakaotinga whakaata tino pai mō ngā whakarewa maitai kore waikura i roto i te taiao parae? Ka aha mēnā ka pā te uira ki a ia?
Ko te tohu tuatahi e whakaatu ana he kaupapa tino uaua tēnei, e ai ki a Cerny, ko te tīmatanga o te hanganga me te tāutanga o ngā taputapu 30,000-pauna. Ko te hanganga maitai e tautoko ana i te whakairo.
Ahakoa he tino māmā te hanga i te maitai hanganga whai konutea i whakaratohia e PSI hei huihui i te turanga hanganga o raro, ko te papa o te hanganga o raro i tū te haurua i runga ake i te wharekai, me te haurua i runga ake i te papa waka, he rerekē te teitei o ia hanganga.
"Nō reira, he ahua piko, he pakarukaru te hanganga o raro," te kī a Cerny. "I te wāhi i whakanohoia ai e mātou te nuinga o tēnei maitai, tae atu ki te tīmatanga o te mahi pereti tonu, me akiaki e mātou te kerēni ki roto i tētahi poka e 5 putu te hohonu."
I kī a Cerny i whakamahia e rātou tētahi pūnaha punga tino matatau, tae atu ki tētahi pūnaha utaina mua ā-mīhini, he rite ki te momo mea e whakamahia ana i roto i te keri waro, me ētahi punga matū. Kia mau te hanganga o raro o te hanganga maitai ki roto i te raima, me hanga he hanganga o runga hei whakapiri atu i te anga.
"I tīmata mātou ki te tāuta i te pūnaha anga ma te whakamahi i ngā mowhiti-O nui e rua i hangaia mai i te maitai kore waikura 304—kotahi kei te pito raki o te hanganga, ko tētahi kei te pito tonga," te kī a Cerny (tirohia te Pikitia 3). Ka herea ngā mowhiti e ngā anga ngongo e whakawhiti ana. Ka hangaia te anga raro mowhiti-matua i roto i ngā wāhanga, ā, ka whakapurua ki te wāhi tika ma te whakamahi i te GMAW me te whakarewa pae me ngā whakakaha whakarewa.
"Nō reira, he hanganga nui kei runga kāore anō kia kitea e tetahi; he mea hanga noa iho mō te anga hanganga," te kī a Cerny.
Ahakoa ngā mahi tino pai ki te hoahoa, ki te hanga, ki te hanga me te tāuta i ngā wāhanga katoa e hiahiatia ana mō te kaupapa o Tāmaki Makaurau, he mea hou tēnei whakairo, ā, he maha tonu ngā pakaru me ngā karawarawa e puta mai ana i te wawahi i ngā ara hou. Waihoki, ko te whakakotahi i te ariā hangahanga a tētahi kamupene me tā tētahi atu ehara i te mea ngāwari pērā i te tuku i te tokotoko. Hei tāpiri, ko te tawhiti ā-tinana i waenga i ngā papa i whakaroa ai te tuku, ā, i tika ai te hanga i ētahi mea i runga i te papa.
"Ahakoa i whakamaheretia ngā tukanga huihuinga me te whakarewa i Oakland i mua, i hiahiatia he pūkenga urutau mai i te katoa mō ngā āhuatanga o te papaanga," te kī a Silva. "Ā, he tino rawe ngā kaimahi o te uniana."
I ngā marama tuatahi, ko te mahi o ia rā a MTH he whakatau i ngā mahi o te rā, me pēhea te hanga i ētahi o ngā wāhanga hei whakatū i te anga raro, tae atu ki ētahi pou, "ngā ātete ru," ngā ringaringa, ngā titi, me ngā pine. I hiahiatia ngā rākau pogo hei hanga i tētahi pūnaha taha rangitahi, e ai ki a Er.
"He tukanga tonu tēnei o te hoahoa me te hanga i runga i te rere kia tere tonu ai te neke o ngā mea, kia tere ai te tae atu ki te papaanga. He nui te wā e pau ana ki te whiriwhiri i ngā mea kei a mātou, te hanga hou me te hanga anō i ētahi wā, kātahi ka hanga i ngā wāhanga e hiahiatia ana."
"Arā, e 10 ā mātou mea i te Tūrei me tuku ki te papaanga i te Wenerei," te kī a Hill. "He nui ngā mahi tāpiri me ngā mahi toa e oti ana i waenganui pō."
"Tata ki te 75 ōrau o ngā wāhanga whakatārewatanga o te papa ka hangaia, ka whakarerekētia rānei i te mara," te kī a Cerny. "I ētahi wā, ka mahi mātou i te rā 24-hāora. Ka noho ahau i te toa tae noa ki te 2, 3 rānei i te ata, ā, ka hoki ahau ki te kāinga ki te kaukau, ki te tiki i ngā mea i te 5:30 i te ata, ā, ka mākū tonu."
Ko te pūnaha whakatārewatanga rangitahi MTH mō te whakakotahi i te whare he puna, he pou me ngā taura. Ko ngā hononga katoa i waenga i ngā pereti ka herea ngātahitia mō te wā poto. "Nō reira, ka honoa te hanganga katoa mā te miihini, ka whakairihia mai i roto, me ngā pou 304," te kī a Cerny.
Ka tīmata rātou me te tuanui kei te pūtake o te whakairo omhalus – "te pito o te puku". I whakairihia te tuanui mai i ngā taura mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha tautoko puna whakairi e whā ngā pūwāhi e mau ana i ngā whakairi, ngā taura me ngā puna. I kī a Cerny ka whakaratohia e te puna he "tuku me te tango" i te mea ka tāpirihia he papa. Kātahi ka whakatikatikaina ngā puna i runga i te taumaha i tāpirihia e ia pereti hei āwhina i te taurite o te whakairo katoa.
He pūnaha tautoko puna whakatārewatanga e whā ngā pūwāhi kei ia papa 168, nō reira ka tautokona takitahi ina tū. "Ko te whakaaro kia kaua e whakanui rawa i tētahi o ngā hononga nā te mea kua honoa aua hononga kia puta ai he āputa 0/0," te kī a Cerny. "Ki te pā tētahi papa ki te papa i raro iho, ka taea te piko me ētahi atu raruraru."
Hei whakaatu i te tika o te mahi a PSI, he tino pai te huihuinga me te iti o ngā āputa. "He mahi whakamiharo tā PSI ki te hanga i ngā panera," te kī a Cerny. "E mihi ana ahau ki a rātou katoa nā te mea i te mutunga, i tino tau te hanganga. He tino pai te hanganga, he mea pai ki ahau. Kei te kōrero tātou, he mano hauwhā o te inihi. Kua whakatakotoria te pereti ki runga. He taha kati te taha e hono ana."
"Ina oti te huihuinga, he tokomaha te hunga e whakaaro ana kua oti," te kī a Silva, ehara i te mea he piri noa ngā hononga, engari nā te mea kua uru mai ngā wāhanga kua huihui katoatia, me ngā pereti whakaata kua orohia rawatia, hei whakaata i tōna taiao. Engari e kitea ana ngā hononga o muri, kāore he hononga o te konukōre wai. Hei tāpiri, me hono tonu te whakairo ki te whakarewa kia mau tonu tōna hanganga mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai, te kī a Silva.
I whakaroahia te otinga o Cloud Gate i te whakatuwheratanga nui o te pāka i te ngahuru o te tau 2004, nō reira i noho ora ai a omhalus hei GTAW, ā, i mau tonu tēnā mō ētahi marama.
"Ka kitea ngā ira parauri iti, arā, he hononga honohono TIG huri noa i te hanganga katoa," te kī a Cerny. "I tīmata mātou ki te hanga anō i ngā tēneti i te marama o Hānuere."
"Ko te wero hanga nui e whai ake nei mō tēnei kaupapa ko te whakarewa i te tuitui me te kore e ngaro te tika o te āhua nā te whakahekenga o te hanganga whakarewa," te kī a Silva.
E ai ki a Cerny, mā te whakarewa plasma ka puta te kaha me te pakari e hiahiatia ana, me te iti rawa o te mōrearea ki te pepa. He pai te mahi a te ranunga 98% argon/2% helium ki te whakaiti i te poke me te whakarei ake i te hanumi.
Ka whakamahia e ngā kaiwhakarewa ngā tikanga whakarewa plasma kōhao kī mā te whakamahi i ngā pūtake hiko Thermal Arc® me ngā huihuinga tarakihana me ngā rama motuhake i whakawhanakehia, i whakamahia hoki e PSI.