Anish Kapoor lub zeem muag rau lub Rooj Vag Huab Cua hauv Chicago's Millennium Park yog tias nws zoo li cov kua mercury, uas cuam tshuam txog lub nroog ib puag ncig. Kev ua tiav qhov kev sib txuas no yog ib txoj haujlwm ntawm kev hlub.
"Qhov kuv xav ua hauv Millennium Park yog ua ib yam dab tsi uas yuav haum rau hauv Chicago skyline ... yog li ntawd tib neeg yuav pom cov huab ntab hauv nws thiab cov tsev siab heev uas cuam tshuam rau hauv cov haujlwm. Tom qab ntawd, Vim nws daim ntawv hauv lub qhov rooj, tus neeg koom nrog, cov neeg tuaj saib, yuav muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv chav tob heev no, hauv ib txoj kev nws ua tib yam rau qhov kev xav ntawm ib tus neeg zoo li sab nraud ntawm cov haujlwm ua rau qhov kev xav ntawm cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig hauv nroog. "- tus kws kos duab Askiv nto moo thoob ntiaj teb Anish Kapoor, Cloud Gate sculptor
Saib ntawm qhov chaw ntsiag to ntawm daim duab puab hlau stainless no, nws nyuaj rau kwv yees tias muaj pes tsawg hlau thiab kev ua siab loj nyob hauv qab nws. Cloud Gate zais cov dab neeg ntawm ntau dua 100 tus neeg ua hlau, cov neeg txiav, cov neeg vuam, cov neeg txiav, cov kws ua vaj tse, cov kws kho tshuab, cov neeg ua hlau, cov neeg teeb tsa, thiab cov thawj coj - tag nrho dhau tsib xyoos.
Muaj coob tus neeg ua haujlwm dhau sijhawm, ua haujlwm hauv chaw ua haujlwm thaum ib tag hmo, mus pw hav zoov hauv qhov chaw, thiab ua haujlwm hnyav hauv qhov kub txog 110-degree hnav khaub ncaws Tyvek® puv nkaus thiab lub npog ntsej muag ib nrab. Ib txhia ua haujlwm tiv thaiv lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, dai ntawm txoj siv sia thaum tuav cov cuab yeej thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov roob nplua. Txhua yam mus me ntsis (thiab deb tshaj qhov ntawd) kom ua rau qhov tsis yooj yim ua tau.
Kev txhawb nqa tus kws kos duab Anish Kapoor lub tswv yim ntawm cov huab uas ntab saum ntuj ceeb tsheej rau hauv ib daim duab puab stainless hlau hnyav 110-tuj, ntev 66-foot, thiab siab 33-foot yog txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim khoom Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, CA, thiab MTH, Villa Park, IL. Thaum nws hnub tseem ceeb 120 xyoo, MTH yog ib tus neeg cog lus tsim qauv hlau thiab iav qub tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw Chicago.
Cov kev cai rau kev ua tiav qhov project yuav siv rau kev ua yeeb yam, kev txawj ntse, kev txawj kho tshuab thiab kev paub txog kev tsim khoom ntawm ob lub tuam txhab. Lawv tau kho thiab tsim cov khoom siv rau qhov project.
Qee qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov project no yog los ntawm nws cov duab uas nkhaus txawv txawv - ib lub cim lossis lub pob tw tig rov qab - thiab qee qhov yog los ntawm nws qhov loj me. Cov duab puab tau tsim los ntawm ob lub tuam txhab sib txawv ntawm ntau qhov chaw sib txawv ntau txhiab mais, ua rau muaj teeb meem nrog kev thauj mus los thiab kev ua haujlwm. Ntau cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau ua hauv thaj teb nyuaj ua hauv ib puag ncig khw, tsis txhob hais txog hauv thaj teb. Muaj ntau qhov teeb meem tshwm sim vim tias cov qauv zoo li no yeej tsis tau tsim dua li. Yog li, tsis muaj qhov siv, tsis muaj daim ntawv qhia, tsis muaj daim ntawv qhia kev.
Ethan Silva ntawm PSI muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev tsim lub plhaub, pib ntawm cov nkoj thiab tom qab ntawd hauv lwm yam haujlwm kos duab, tsim nyog rau cov haujlwm tsim lub plhaub tshwj xeeb. Anish Kapoor tau thov cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav qib siab hauv physics thiab kos duab los muab ib qho qauv me me.
"Yog li kuv ua ib daim qauv 2 x 3 meter, ib daim uas du thiab nkhaus, thiab nws hais tias, 'Auj, koj ua tiav lawm, koj yog tib tug neeg ua tiav lawm,' vim nws tau nrhiav ob xyoos rau Nrhiav ib tus neeg ua nws," Silva hais.
Lub tswv yim thawj zaug yog rau PSI kom ua tiav thiab tsim cov duab puab, thiab tom qab ntawd xa tag nrho cov khoom mus rau sab qab teb ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific, hla Panama Canal, sab qaum teb raws Dej Hiav Txwv Atlantic, thiab raws St. Lawrence Seaway mus rau chaw nres nkoj ntawm Lake Michigan, raws li Edward Uhlir, tus thawj coj ntawm Millennium Park Inc. Raws li cov lus tshaj tawm, lub tshuab conveyor tsim tshwj xeeb yuav thauj nws mus rau Millennium Park. Kev txwv sijhawm thiab kev siv tau yuam kom cov phiaj xwm no hloov pauv. Yog li ntawd, cov vaj huam sib luag nkhaus yuav tsum tau npaj rau kev thauj mus los thiab thauj mus rau Chicago, qhov chaw MTH yuav sib sau ua ke cov qauv hauv qab thiab cov qauv saum toj kawg nkaus, thiab txuas cov vaj huam sib luag rau cov qauv saum toj kawg nkaus.
Kev ua kom tiav thiab txhuam cov welds ntawm Cloud Gate kom zoo nkauj yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab sib dhos ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw. Cov txheej txheem 12-kauj ruam xaus nrog cov xim ci ntsa iab zoo ib yam li cov xim pleev hniav nyiaj hniav kub.
"Yog li peb yeej ua haujlwm rau qhov project ntawd li peb xyoos, ua cov khoom no," Silva hais. "Nws yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj. Ntau lub sijhawm ntawd siv los xam seb yuav ua li cas thiab ua haujlwm kom meej; koj paub, tsuas yog ua kom zoo dua xwb. Txoj kev uas peb siv cov thev naus laus zis computer thiab cov hlau ua haujlwm zoo qub yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm forging thiab aerospace technology."
Nws hais tias, nws nyuaj ua ib yam dab tsi loj thiab hnyav ua luaj li no. Cov phaj loj tshaj plaws nruab nrab yog 7 feet dav thiab 11 feet ntev thiab hnyav 1,500 phaus.
"Ua txhua yam haujlwm CAD thiab tsim cov duab kos rau txoj haujlwm yog qhov project loj heev," Silva hais. "Peb siv cov thev naus laus zis computer los ntsuas cov phaj thiab ntsuas lawv cov duab thiab qhov nkhaus kom raug kom lawv haum ua ke.
"Peb tau ua qauv computer thiab tom qab ntawd faib ua ob," Silva hais. "Kuv siv kuv qhov kev paub txog kev tsim lub plhaub, thiab kuv muaj qee lub tswv yim txog kev faib cov duab kom tau cov kab sib txuas ua haujlwm kom peb thiaj li tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws."
Muaj ib txhia phaj yog plaub fab, ib txhia yog lub ncuav mog qab zib. Qhov ze dua lawv nyob rau qhov kev hloov pauv ntxhab, qhov ntau dua lawv zoo li lub ncuav mog qab zib, thiab qhov loj dua qhov kev hloov pauv radial. Nyob rau sab saum toj, lawv tiaj tus thiab loj dua.
Silva hais tias, "Qhov kev sib tw tiag tiag yog kom tau cov slabs loj loj kom muaj qhov nkhaus txaus. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev tsim thiab tsim cov kab tav rau txhua slab kom meej heev. Txoj kev no peb tuaj yeem txhais cov duab ntawm txhua slab kom meej.
Cov laug cam raug dov rau ntawm 3D rollers uas PSI tau tsim thiab tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev dov cov laug cam no (saib Daim Duab 1). "Nws yog ib yam zoo li cov laug cam Askiv. Peb dov lawv siv cov txheej txheem zoo ib yam li cov fenders ua," Silva hais. Khoov txhua lub vaj huam sib luag los ntawm kev txav nws rov qab thiab tawm ntawm cov log, kho qhov siab ntawm cov log kom txog thaum cov vaj huam sib luag nyob hauv 0.01 ntiv tes ntawm qhov loj me xav tau. Qhov kev ua kom raug siab ua rau nws nyuaj rau tsim cov ntawv du, nws hais.
Tus kws vuam ces txuas cov flux cored rau sab hauv lub cev. "Hauv kuv lub tswv yim, flux cored yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los tsim cov qauv vuam hauv cov hlau tsis xeb," Silva piav qhia. "Nws muab cov vuam zoo rau koj nrog kev tsom mus rau kev tsim khoom thiab zoo nkauj heev."
Tag nrho cov nplaim ntawm cov laug cam yog tes-av thiab tshuab-milled kom txiav lawv mus rau qhov xav tau txhiab ntawm ib nti qhov tseeb kom lawv txhua tus haum ua ke (saib Daim Duab 2). Tshawb xyuas qhov ntev nrog kev ntsuas qhov tseeb thiab cov cuab yeej siv laser scanning. Thaum kawg, lub phaj yog polished rau daim iav tiav thiab npog nrog ib zaj duab xis tiv thaiv.
Kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag, nrog rau lub hauv paus thiab cov qauv sab hauv, tau raug tsa hauv kev sib dhos ua ntej cov vaj huam sib luag raug xa tawm ntawm Auckland (saib Cov Duab 3 thiab 4). Npaj cov txheej txheem siding thiab ua qee qhov seam vuam ntawm qee cov laug cam me me kom koom ua ke. "Yog li thaum peb muab tso ua ke hauv Chicago, peb paub tias nws yuav haum," Silva hais.
Qhov kub thiab txias, lub sijhawm thiab kev co ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom tuaj yeem ua rau daim ntawv dov xoob. Lub grating ribbed tsis yog tsuas yog tsim los ua kom lub rooj tsavxwm ruaj khov xwb, tab sis kuj tseem yuav tswj tau cov duab ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los.
Yog li ntawd, nrog rau lub mesh txhawb nqa sab hauv, lub phaj raug kho cua sov thiab txias kom txo qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov khoom siv. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntxiv thaum thauj mus los, cov txaj pw tau ua rau txhua lub phaj, uas tom qab ntawd raug thauj mus rau hauv cov thawv, kwv yees li plaub lub ib zaug.
Cov thawv tau raug thauj mus rau hauv cov khoom tiav ib nrab, kwv yees li plaub lub thawv ib zaug, thiab xa mus rau Chicago nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm PSI rau kev teeb tsa nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm MTH. Ib tug yog tus neeg xa khoom uas koom tes thauj khoom, thiab lwm tus yog tus thawj saib xyuas hauv thaj chaw kev txawj ntse. Nws ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm MTH txhua hnub thiab pab tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab raws li qhov xav tau. "Nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb heev ntawm cov txheej txheem," Silva hais.
Lyle Hill, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm MTH, tau hais tias MTH Industries tau raug muab lub luag haujlwm los ua kom lub duab puab ethereal ruaj khov rau hauv av thiab txhim kho lub superstructure, tom qab ntawd vuam cov ntawv rau nws thiab muab qhov kawg sanding thiab polishing, los ntawm PSI Technical guidance. Kev ua tiav ntawm lub duab puab txhais tau tias muaj kev sib npaug ntawm kev kos duab thiab kev ua tau zoo; kev xav thiab qhov tseeb; lub sijhawm xav tau thiab lub sijhawm teem tseg.
Lou Cerny, tus lwm thawj coj ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev thiab tus thawj tswj xyuas qhov project ntawm MTH, tau hais tias qhov uas nws nyiam txog qhov project no yog nws qhov tshwj xeeb. "Raws li peb paub, muaj tej yam tshwm sim ntawm qhov project no uas tsis tau ua dua li, lossis tsis tau xav txog dua li," Cerny hais.
Tiam sis ua haujlwm rau thawj txoj haujlwm zoo li no yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ntse hauv qhov chaw kom daws tau cov teeb meem uas tsis tau pom dua thiab teb cov lus nug uas tshwm sim thaum ua haujlwm nce qib:
Koj yuav ua li cas thiaj li muab 128 lub vaj huam sib luag stainless hlau loj li lub tsheb tso rau hauv lub superstructure tas mus li thaum koj siv cov hnab looj tes menyuam yaus? Koj yuav ua li cas thiaj vuam tau lub taub hau loj uas zoo li lub voj voog yam tsis tas siv nws? Yuav ua li cas thiaj nkag mus rau hauv qhov vuam yam tsis tas vuam los ntawm sab hauv? Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tiav qhov tiav iav zoo meej rau cov hlau stainless hlau vuam hauv ib puag ncig teb? Yuav ua li cas yog tias xob laim ntaus nws?
Lub cim thawj zaug uas qhia tias qhov no yuav yog ib qhov project nyuaj heev, Cerny hais tias, yog thaum kev tsim kho thiab kev teeb tsa pib ntawm cov khoom siv 30,000-phaus. Cov qauv hlau uas txhawb nqa cov duab puab.
Txawm hais tias cov hlau nplua nuj zinc uas PSI muab los sib dhos lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev yooj yim heev rau kev tsim khoom, qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev nyob ib nrab saum lub tsev noj mov thiab ib nrab saum qhov chaw nres tsheb, txhua qhov siab sib txawv.
"Yog li ntawd, cov qauv hauv qab no zoo li cantilevered thiab rickety," Cerny hais. "Qhov chaw uas peb muab ntau cov hlau no, suav nrog thaum pib ua haujlwm phaj nws tus kheej, peb yuav tsum tau kom lub crane tsav mus rau hauv qhov 5-foot."
Cerny hais tias lawv siv lub tshuab anchoring uas zoo heev, suav nrog lub tshuab preload, zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv hauv kev khawb thee, thiab qee cov tshuaj anchoring. Thaum lub substructure ntawm lub qauv hlau tau kho rau hauv cov pob zeb, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim lub superstructure uas lub plhaub yuav raug txuas rau.
"Peb pib txhim kho lub truss system siv ob lub 304 stainless hlau O-rings loj - ib qho nyob rau sab qaum teb kawg ntawm lub tsev thiab ib qho nyob rau sab qab teb kawg," Cerny hais (saib Daim Duab 3). Cov nplhaib raug tuav ua ke los ntawm criss-crossing tube trusses. Lub nplhaib-core subframe yog tsim ua ntu thiab bolted hauv situ siv GMAW thiab bar weld thiab welded stiffeners.
"Yog li muaj ib lub tsev loj uas tsis muaj leej twg tau pom dua li; nws tsuas yog rau kev ua vaj tse xwb," Cerny hais.
Txawm hais tias peb siv zog ua kom zoo tshaj plaws los tsim, tsim, tsim thiab teeb tsa txhua yam khoom tsim nyog rau qhov project Auckland, daim duab puab no tsis tau muaj dua li thiab kev tawg txoj kev tshiab yeej ib txwm muaj burrs thiab khawb. Ib yam li ntawd, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ib lub tuam txhab lub tswv yim tsim khoom nrog lwm lub tsis yooj yim li kev xa lub baton. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov deb ntawm qhov chaw ua rau kev xa khoom qeeb, uas ua rau qee qhov kev tsim khoom hauv qhov chaw muaj txiaj ntsig.
"Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem sib dhos thiab vuam tau npaj ua ntej hauv Oakland, qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag ntawm qhov chaw xav tau kev txawj ntse los ntawm txhua tus," Silva hais. "Thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum zoo heev."
Thaum ob peb lub hlis thawj zaug, MTH txoj haujlwm niaj hnub yog txiav txim siab seb hnub no ua haujlwm dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj tsim tau qee yam khoom siv rau kev tsim lub subframe, nrog rau qee cov struts, "shock absorbers," caj npab, pegs, thiab pins. Cov pogo sticks xav tau los tsim ib lub siding system ib ntus, Er hais.
"Nws yog ib qho txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim thiab tsim khoom sai sai kom cov khoom txav mus los thiab coj lawv mus rau qhov chaw sai sai. Peb siv sijhawm ntau los txheeb xyuas cov khoom peb muaj, tsim dua tshiab thiab tsim dua tshiab hauv qee kis, Thiab tom qab ntawd tsim cov khoom xav tau."
"Qhov tseeb, peb yuav muaj 10 yam khoom rau hnub Tuesday uas peb yuav tsum xa tuaj rau ntawm qhov chaw rau hnub Wednesday," Hill hais. "Muaj ntau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm dhau sijhawm thiab ntau txoj haujlwm hauv khw muag khoom ua tiav thaum ib tag hmo."
"Kwv yees li 75 feem pua ​​ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm raug tsim los yog hloov kho hauv thaj teb," Cerny hais. "Ob peb zaug, peb tau ua tiav 24 teev hauv ib hnub. Kuv yuav nyob hauv lub khw txog 2, 3 teev sawv ntxov, thiab kuv yuav mus tsev da dej, tuaj tos thaum 5:30 teev sawv ntxov, thiab tseem ntub."
Lub tshuab ncua ib ntus MTH rau kev sib dhos lub tsev muaj cov springs, struts thiab cables. Txhua qhov sib txuas ntawm cov phaj raug txuas ua ke ib ntus. "Yog li tag nrho cov qauv tau txuas nrog mechanically, dai los ntawm sab hauv, nrog 304 trusses," Cerny hais.
Lawv pib nrog lub dome ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm daim duab puab omhalus - "lub ntaws ntawm lub pob tw". Lub dome tau dai ntawm cov trusses siv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav txhawb nqa plaub-taw tes uas muaj cov hangers, cables thiab springs. Cerny hais tias lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav muab "muab thiab txais" thaum muaj ntau lub rooj tsavxwm ntxiv. Cov springs tom qab ntawd raug kho dua raws li qhov hnyav ntxiv los ntawm txhua lub phaj los pab sib npaug tag nrho cov duab puab.
Txhua lub rooj tsavxwm 168 lub muaj nws tus kheej lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav txhawb nqa plaub-taw tes yog li nws tau txais kev txhawb nqa ib tus zuj zus thaum nyob hauv qhov chaw. "Lub tswv yim tsis yog kom ua kom pom tseeb dhau ib qho ntawm cov pob qij txha vim tias cov pob qij txha ntawd tau muab tso ua ke kom ua tiav qhov sib txawv 0/0," Cerny hais. "Yog tias lub rooj tsavxwm ntaus lub rooj tsavxwm hauv qab nws, nws tuaj yeem ua rau buckling thiab lwm yam teeb meem."
Ua pov thawj rau qhov tseeb ntawm PSI txoj haujlwm, kev sib dhos zoo heev nrog ob peb qhov sib txawv. "PSI tau ua haujlwm zoo heev ntawm kev ua cov vaj huam sib luag," Cerny hais. "Kuv muab lawv txhua tus qhov credit vim tias thaum kawg, nws haum tiag tiag. Qhov haum zoo nkauj heev, uas zoo rau kuv. Peb tab tom tham, tseeb tiag, txhiab ntawm ib nti. Lub phaj tau muab tso rau ntawm Muaj ib ntug kaw ua ke.
"Thaum lawv ua tiav qhov kev sib dhos, ntau tus neeg xav tias nws ua tiav lawm," Silva hais tias, tsis yog vim tias cov xov sib dhos nruj nreem xwb, tab sis vim tias cov khoom sib dhos tag nrho, thiab cov phaj iav ci ntsa iab, tau los ua si los cuam tshuam nws ib puag ncig. Tab sis cov xov sib dhos pom tseeb, cov kua mercury tsis muaj xov sib dhos. Tsis tas li ntawd, daim duab puab tseem yuav tsum tau vuam tag nrho kom tswj tau nws cov qauv rau cov tiam tom ntej, Silva hais.
Qhov kev ua tiav ntawm Cloud Gate yuav tsum tau ncua thaum lub sijhawm qhib lub tiaj ua si thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 2004, yog li omhalus yog GTAW nyob, thiab qhov ntawd tau mus rau ob peb lub hlis.
"Koj tuaj yeem pom cov xim av me me, uas yog TIG solder sib koom ua ke nyob ib puag ncig tag nrho cov qauv," Cerny hais. "Peb pib tsim kho cov tsev pheeb suab thaum Lub Ib Hlis."
"Qhov kev sib tw loj tom ntej rau qhov project no yog weld lub seam yam tsis poob qhov tseeb ntawm cov duab vim yog qhov vuam shrinkage deformation," Silva hais.
Cerny hais tias, kev vuam plasma muab lub zog thiab kev tawv nqaij uas xav tau nrog kev pheej hmoo tsawg kawg nkaus rau daim ntawv. 98% argon / 2% helium sib xyaw ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev txo qhov fouling thiab txhim kho kev sib xyaw.
Cov neeg vuam siv cov txheej txheem vuam plasma keyhole siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob Thermal Arc® thiab cov khoom siv tsheb laij teb tshwj xeeb thiab lub teeb tsa uas PSI tsim thiab siv.