Umbono ka-Anish Kapoor ngesithombe se-Cloud Gate eMillennium Park yaseChicago ukuthi sifana ne-mercury ewuketshezi, sibonakalisa kahle idolobha elizungezile. Ukufeza lokhu kuphelela kuwumsebenzi wothando.
“Engangifuna ukukwenza ngeMillennium Park kwakuwukufaka i-skyline yaseChicago… ukuze abantu babone amafu entanta kuyo kanye nalezi zakhiwo ezinde kakhulu zibonakala emsebenzini. , umhlanganyeli, umbukeli uzokwazi ukungena kuleli gumbi elijulile kakhulu, elisebenza ngokuzindla kwalo ngendlela efanayo naleyo ukubukeka komsebenzi okusebenza ngayo ekubonisweni kwedolobha elizungezile,” umculi odumile waseBrithani emhlabeni wonke. U-Anish Kapoor, umqophi wezithombe we-Cloud Gate
Uma ubheka ubuso obuzolile balesi sithombe esikhulu sensimbi engagqwali, kunzima ukuqagela ukuthi ingakanani insimbi nesibindi esifihliwe ngaphansi kobuso baso. I-Cloud Gate ifihla izindaba zabakhi bensimbi abangaphezu kwe-100, abasiki, abashiseli, abasiki, onjiniyela, ochwepheshe, abafaki, abafaki kanye nabaphathi - eminyakeni engaphezu kwemi-5 yokwenziwa.
Abaningi basebenze amahora amade, basebenza ezindaweni zokusebenzela phakathi nobusuku, bamisa amatende endaweni yokwakha futhi basebenza kanzima emazingeni okushisa angama-degree angu-110 begqoke amasudi aphelele e-Tyvek® kanye nama-half-masks. Abanye basebenza ngokumelene namandla adonsela phansi, belenga ezinhlotsheni, bephethe amathuluzi, futhi besebenza ezindaweni ezishelelayo. Konke kuhamba kancane (futhi kude kakhulu) ukuze kwenzeke okungenakwenzeka.
Umqondo ka-Anish Kapoor ongumqophi wezinto ezenziwe ngokhonkolo wefu elintantayo eliya esifanekisweni sensimbi engagqwali esingamathani angu-110, ubude bamamitha angu-66, ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-33 kwakuwumsebenzi we-Performance Structures Inc., inkampani yokukhiqiza. (PSI), e-Oakland, eCalifornia, kanye ne-MTH, e-Villa. Park, e-Illinois. Emcimbini wayo wokugubha iminyaka engu-120, i-MTH ingenye yezinkontileka ezindala kakhulu zensimbi nengilazi endaweni yaseChicago.
Izidingo zokuqaliswa kwale phrojekthi zizoncika ekusebenzeni kobuciko, ubuhlakani, amakhono okusebenza ngomshini kanye nolwazi lokukhiqiza lwezinkampani zombili. Ziyimishini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso futhi yakhiwe ngisho naleyo yale phrojekthi.
Ezinye zezinkinga zalo msebenzi zivela esimweni sawo esigobile ngendlela exakile – inkaba enamachashazi noma ebheke phansi – kanti ezinye zivela ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu. Izithombe eziqoshiwe zakhiwa izinkampani ezimbili ezahlukene ezindaweni ezahlukene eziqhelelene ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane, okudala izinkinga ngezokuthutha kanye nezitayela zomsebenzi. Izinqubo eziningi okumele zenziwe ensimini kunzima ukuzenza esitolo, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi zisensimini. Ubunzima obukhulu buvela ngoba nje isakhiwo esinjalo asikaze senziwe ngaphambili. Ngakho-ke, akukho sixhumanisi, akukho cebo, akukho mephu yendlela.
U-Ethan Silva we-PSI unolwazi olukhulu ekwakheni imikhumbi, okokuqala emikhunjini bese kamuva kweminye imisebenzi yobuciko, futhi uyafaneleka ukwenza imisebenzi eyingqayizivele yokwakha imikhumbi. U-Anish Kapoor ucele abaphothule izifundo zefiziksi nezobuciko ukuthi banikeze imodeli encane.
“Ngakho ngenze isampula engamamitha angu-2 x 3, ucezu olubushelelezi olugobile olucwebezelayo, wathi, ‘O, ukwenzile, nguwe wedwa okwenzile,’ ngoba ubelokhu efuna iminyaka emibili. Thola umuntu ozokwenza,” kusho uSilva.
Uhlelo lokuqala kwakuwukuthi i-PSI yakhe futhi yakhe isithombe sonke bese ithumela yonke ingxenye eningizimu yePacific Ocean ngePanama Canal kanye nasenyakatho eceleni kwe-Atlantic Ocean kanye neSt. Lawrence Seaway echwebeni eliseLake Michigan. U-Edward Ulir, i-CEO ye-Millennium Park Inc. Ngokusho kwesitatimende, uhlelo lokuhambisa oluklanywe ngokukhethekile luzomyisa eMillennium Park. Imikhawulo yesikhathi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwaphoqa la macebo ukuba ashintshe. Ngakho-ke, amaphaneli agobile kwadingeka aqinisekiswe ukuze athuthwe futhi athuthwe ngamaloli aye eChicago, lapho i-MTH yahlanganisa khona isakhiwo esingaphansi kanye nesakhiwo esingaphezulu, futhi yaxhuma amaphaneli nesakhiwo esingaphezulu.
Ukuqedela nokupholisha ama-weld e-Cloud Gate ukuze abonakale kahle kwakungenye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu ekufakweni nasekuhlanganisweni endaweni. Inqubo yezinyathelo ezingu-12 iqedwa ngokufaka i-blush ekhanyayo, efana ne-polish yobucwebe.
“Ngokuyisisekelo, sisebenze kulo msebenzi iminyaka engaba mithathu senza lezi zingxenye,” kusho uSilva. “Lona umsebenzi onzima. Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi ukuthola ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani futhi uthole imininingwane; uyazi, ukuze nje ufezeke. Indlela esisebenzisa ngayo ubuchwepheshe bamakhompyutha kanye nokusebenza kwensimbi okudala kuyinhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe bokwakha kanye nobezindiza.”
Uthe kunzima ukwenza into enkulu nesinda kangaka ngokunemba okuphezulu. Ama-slab amakhulu kunawo wonke ayenobubanzi obungamamitha angu-1.2 ububanzi namamitha angu-1.2 ubude futhi enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1,500.
“Ukwenza wonke umsebenzi we-CAD nokudala imidwebo yangempela yesitolo somsebenzi kuwumsebenzi omkhulu ngokwawo,” kusho uSilva. “Sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha ukukala amapuleti nokuhlola ngokunembile ukuma kwawo kanye nokugoba kwawo ukuze avumelane kahle.
“Senze ukulingisa ikhompyutha sabe sesikuhlukanisa,” kusho uSilva. “Ngisebenzise ulwazi lwami ekwakheni amagobolondo futhi nganginemibono yokuthi ngingahlukanisa kanjani izimo ukuze imigqa yomthungo isebenze ukuze sithole imiphumela yekhwalithi engcono kakhulu.”
Amanye amapuleti ayizikwele, amanye anomumo wephayi. Uma esondelene noshintsho olubukhali, kulapho emumo wephayi khona kakhulu futhi kulapho i-radius yoshintsho lwe-radial iba nkulu khona. Engxenyeni engenhla ayacaba futhi makhulu.
USilva uthi i-plasma inquma insimbi engagqwali engu-316L enobukhulu obuyi-1/4 kuya ku-3/8 intshi, okuqinile ngokwanele ngokwayo. “Inselele yangempela ukunikeza ama-slab amakhulu ukugoba okunembile. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokubunjwa nokukhiqizwa kohlaka lwesistimu yembambo ye-slab ngayinye. Ngale ndlela, singanquma ngokunembile ukuma kwe-slab ngayinye.”
Amabhodi asongwa kuma-roller e-3D i-PSI eyiklamile futhi yawakhiqiza ngqo ukuze igoqe la mabhodi (bheka isithombe 1). “Kufana nomzala wama-roller aseBrithani. Siwagoqa sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo namaphiko,” kusho uSilva. Goba iphaneli ngayinye ngokuyihambisa emuva naphambili kuma-roller, ulungise ingcindezi kuma-roller kuze kube yilapho amaphaneli esengaphakathi kuka-0.01″ nosayizi owufunayo. Ngokusho kwakhe, ukunemba okuphezulu okudingekayo kwenza kube nzima ukwakha amashidi kahle.
Umshiseli ube eseshisela ucingo olune-flux-core esakhiweni sohlelo lwangaphakathi olune-ribbed. “Ngombono wami, ucingo olune-flux-core luyindlela enhle kakhulu yokwakha ama-weld esakhiwo sensimbi engagqwali,” kuchaza uSilva. “Lokhu kukunikeza ama-weld ekhwalithi ephezulu ngokugxila ekukhiqizeni nasekubukekeni okuhle.”
Zonke izindawo zamabhodi zihlanzwa ngesandla bese zigaywa emshinini ukuze zisikwe zibe yi-intshi eyodwa ukuze zilingane (bheka isithombe 2). Qinisekisa ubukhulu ngemishini yokulinganisa enembile kanye nemishini yokuskena nge-laser. Ekugcineni, ipuleti lipholishwa lize liphele esibukweni futhi limbozwe ngefilimu evikelayo.
Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yamaphaneli, kanye nesisekelo kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi, ahlanganiswa ndawonye ngaphambi kokuba amaphaneli athunyelwe esuka e-Auckland (bheka izithombe 3 no-4). Wahlela inqubo yokubopha amapulangwe futhi wahlanganisa amabhodi amancane amaningana ukuze awahlanganise ndawonye. “Ngakho lapho siwahlanganisa eChicago, sasazi ukuthi azofanelana,” kusho uSilva.
Izinga lokushisa, isikhathi kanye nokudlidliza kwenqola kungabangela ukuthi ishidi eligoqiwe likhululeke. I-ribbed grating ayiklanyelwe nje ukwandisa ukuqina kwebhodi, kodwa futhi nokugcina isimo sebhodi ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa.
Ngakho-ke, uma i-reinforcer mesh ingaphakathi, ipuleti liyalungiswa ngokushisa bese lipholiswa ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo oqhubekayo, kwenziwa ama-cradle esitsheni ngasinye bese efakwa ezitsheni, cishe ezine ngesikhathi.
Ama-container abe eselayishwa ngemikhiqizo eqediwe kancane, cishe emine ngesikhathi, athunyelwa eChicago namaqembu e-PSI ukuze afakwe namaqembu e-MTH. Omunye wabo unguchwepheshe wezokuthutha oqondisa ezokuthutha, kanti omunye ungumphathi emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe. Usebenza nsuku zonke nabasebenzi be-MTH futhi usiza ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe obusha njengoba kudingeka. “Yebo, wayeyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenqubo,” kusho uSilva.
ULyle Hill, uMongameli we-MTH, uthe i-MTH Industries ekuqaleni yanikezwa umsebenzi wokufaka isithombe esibonakalayo phansi bese ifaka isakhiwo esingaphezulu, bese ihlanganisa amashidi kuso bese yenza ukusantinga kokugcina nokupholisha, ngomusa we-PSI Technical Management. isithombe sisho ibhalansi phakathi kobuciko nokusebenza, ithiyori kanye neqiniso, isikhathi esidingekayo kanye nesikhathi esihleliwe.
ULou Czerny, iphini likamongameli wobunjiniyela kanye nomphathi wephrojekthi we-MTH, uthe unesithakazelo ekuhlukeni kwale phrojekthi. “Ngokwazi kwethu, kunezinto ezenzekayo kule phrojekthi ethile ezingakaze zenziwe ngaphambili noma ezingakaze zicatshangelwe ngaphambili,” kusho uCerny.
Kodwa ukusebenza emsebenzini wokuqala wohlobo lwawo kudinga ubuhlakani obuguquguqukayo endaweni ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezingalindelekile futhi kuphendulwe imibuzo ephakamayo endleleni:
Uzinamathisela kanjani amaphaneli ensimbi engagqwali angu-128 angangemoto esakhiweni esihlala njalo ngenkathi ugqoke amagilavu ​​​​ezingane? Ungayifaka kanjani i-solder ubhontshisi omkhulu omise okwe-arc ngaphandle kokuthembela kuwo? Ngingangena kanjani ku-weld ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuyifaka ngaphakathi? Ungafinyelela kanjani isiphetho esiphelele sesibuko sama-weld ensimbi engagqwali ensimini? Kwenzekani uma umbani umshaya?
UCzerny uthe isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuthi lokhu kuzoba iphrojekthi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwaba lapho kuqala ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kwemishini engamakhilogremu angu-30,000. Isakhiwo sensimbi esisekela isithombe.
Nakuba insimbi yesakhiwo enezinki ephezulu enikezwe yi-PSI ukuhlanganisa isisekelo sesakhiwo esingaphansi yayilula kakhulu ukuyenza, ipulatifomu yesakhiwo esingaphansi yayibekwe phakathi nendawo yokudlela kanye nengxenye ngaphezu kwendawo yokupaka izimoto, ngayinye iphakeme ngendlela ehlukile.
“Ngakho-ke isisekelo sinjengesicaba futhi siyaxega,” kusho uCzerny. “Lapho sifaka khona insimbi eningi, kuhlanganise nasekuqaleni kwe-slab uqobo, empeleni kwadingeka siphoqelele i-crane ukuba ingene emgodini ongamamitha angu-5.”
UCzerny uthe basebenzise uhlelo lokunamathisela oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa uhlelo lokufaka umfutho olufana nolwalo olusetshenziswa ekumbeni amalahle kanye nezinye izikhonkwane zamakhemikhali. Uma isisekelo sesakhiwo sensimbi sesinamathele kukhonkrithi, kufanele kwakhiwe isakhiwo esingaphezulu lapho kuzonamatheliswa khona igobolondo.
“Saqala ukufaka uhlelo lwe-truss sisebenzisa izindandatho ezimbili ezinkulu zensimbi engagqwali ezingama-304 ezenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali—eyodwa engxenyeni esenyakatho yesakhiwo kanye nenye engxenyeni eseningizimu,” kusho uCzerny (bheka Umfanekiso 3). Izindandatho ziboshwe ngezinduku ze-tubular ezihlanganayo. Uhlaka olungaphansi lwendandatho luhlukaniswe futhi luboshwe endaweni kusetshenziswa i-GMAW, ukushisela izinduku kanye nezinti ezihlanganisiwe.
“Ngakho-ke kukhona isakhiwo esikhulu esingakaze sibonwe muntu; singohlaka lwesakhiwo kuphela,” kusho uCzerny.
Naphezu kwemizamo emihle kakhulu yokuklama, ubunjiniyela, ukukhiqiza nokufaka zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo zephrojekthi yase-Auckland, lesi sithombe asikaze sibonwe ngaphambili futhi izindlela ezintsha zihlala zihambisana nama-burrs kanye nemihuzuko. Ngokufanayo, ukufanisa umqondo wokukhiqiza wenkampani eyodwa nenye akulula njengokudlulisa induku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibanga elingokoqobo phakathi kwezindawo libangele ukubambezeleka kokulethwa, okwenza kube nengqondo ukukhiqiza endaweni.
“Ngenkathi izinqubo zokuhlanganisa nokushisela zazihlelwe e-Auckland kusenesikhathi, izimo zangempela zendawo zazidinga wonke umuntu ukuba abe nobuciko,” kusho uSilva. “Futhi abasebenzi benyunyana bahle kakhulu.”
Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala, inqubo yansuku zonke ye-MTH kwakuwukunquma ukuthi umsebenzi wosuku wawuhilelani nokuthi ungazakha kanjani kangcono ezinye zezingxenye zokuhlanganisa izinhlaka ezingaphansi, kanye nezinye izinduku, “ama-shock”, izingalo, ama-pin, nama-pin. U-Er uthe izinti ze-pogo zazidingeka ukudala uhlelo lwesikhashana lwe-siding.
"Kuyinqubo eqhubekayo yokuklama nokukhiqiza ukuze izinto ziqhubeke futhi zifike ensimini ngokushesha. Sichitha isikhathi esiningi sihlela lokho esinakho, kwezinye izimo siklama kabusha futhi siklama kabusha, bese sikhiqiza izingxenye esizidingayo."
“NgoLwesibili sizoba nezinto eziyi-10 okumele sizilethe kule ndawo ngoLwesithathu,” kusho uHill. “Sinomsebenzi omningi wesikhathi esengeziwe kanye nomsebenzi omningi esitolo owenziwa phakathi nobusuku.”
“Cishe amaphesenti angama-75 ezingxenye zokumiswa kwe-sideboard zenziwa noma zishintshwa ensimini,” kusho uCzerny. “Izikhathi ezimbalwa sasizikhokhela ngosuku lwamahora angama-24. Ngangisesitolo kwaze kwaba ngu-2, 3 ekuseni ngaya ekhaya ukuyogeza, ngathathwa ngo-5:30 kodwa ngaqhubeka ngimanzi.”
Uhlelo lokumiswa kwesikhashana lwe-MTN lokuhlanganisa i-hull luqukethe izipilingi, izinduku kanye nezintambo. Zonke izihlanganisi phakathi kwamapuleti zihlanganiswe ndawonye okwesikhashana. “Ngakho-ke sonke isakhiwo sixhunywe ngomshini, sixhunywe ngaphakathi kuma-trusses angu-304,” kusho uCzerny.
Ziqala kusukela edomeni elingaphansi kwesifanekiso sika-omgala – “inkaba yenkaba”. Idomeni yalengiswa ezisekelweni kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwesikhashana lokusekela isiphethu sokumiswa olunezikhonkwane ezine, oluqukethe ama-hangers, izintambo kanye neziphethu. UCzerny uthe isiphethu "sihlinzeka" njengoba kungezwa amabhodi engeziwe. Iziphethu zibe sezilungiswa ngokusekelwe esisindweni esengezwe yipuleti ngalinye ukuze kulinganiswe isithombe sonke.
Ibhodi ngalinye kulawa angu-168 linesistimu yalo yokusekela ukumiswa kwentwasahlobo enamaphuzu amane ngakho-ke lisekelwa ngalinye endaweni yalo. “Umqondo awukona ukuhlola ngokweqile noma yimaphi amalunga ngoba lawo malungu ahlanganiswa ukuze kufezwe igebe elingu-0/0,” kusho uCerny. “Uma ibhodi lishaya ibhodi ngaphansi kwalo lingaholela ekugobeni nakwezinye izinkinga.”
Njengobufakazi bokunemba kwe-PSI, ukuhlanganiswa kuhle kakhulu ngaphandle kokudlala okuningi. “I-PSI yenze umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokwenza amaphaneli,” kusho uCzerny. “Ngiyabancoma ngoba, ekugcineni, iyafanelana ngempela. Imishini mihle impela, okuyinto emangalisayo kimi. Sikhuluma ngokoqobo ngamasentimitha ayinkulungwane. Ipuleti elihlanganisiwe linomphetho ovaliwe.”
“Lapho beqeda ukuhlanganisa, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi sekuqediwe,” kusho uSilva, hhayi nje ngoba imithungo iqinile, kodwa ngoba izingxenye ezihlanganiswe ngokuphelele kanye namapuleti acwebezelwe esibukweni ayasebenza ukuze abonise indawo emzungezile. Kodwa imithungo yezinqe iyabonakala, i-mercury ewuketshezi ayinayo imithungo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithombe kwakudingeka sihlanganiswe ngokugcwele ukuze kulondolozwe ubuqotho besakhiwo saso ezizukulwaneni ezizayo, kusho uSilva.
Ukuqedwa kweSango Lamafu kwadingeka kubambezeleke ngesikhathi sokuvulwa okukhulu kwepaki ekwindla ka-2004, ngakho-ke i-omhalus yaba yi-GTAW ephilayo, futhi lokhu kwaqhubeka izinyanga eziningana.
“Ungabona amabala amancane ansundu nxazonke zesakhiwo, okuyizindawo zokuxhuma ze-TIG solder,” kusho uCzerny. “Saqala ukulungisa amatende ngoJanuwari.”
“Inselele enkulu elandelayo yokukhiqiza yalo msebenzi kwakuwukushisela umthungo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunemba kwesimo ngenxa yokuncipha kokushisela,” kusho uSilva.
Ngokusho kukaCzerny, ukushisela nge-plasma kunikeza amandla nokuqina okudingekayo ngengozi encane kakhulu ephepheni. Ingxube ye-argon engu-98% kanye ne-helium engu-2% iyona engcono kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukungcola kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuhlangana.
Abashiseli basebenzisa amasu okushisela e-plasma ye-keyhole besebenzisa imithombo yamandla ye-Thermal Arc® kanye nezinhlangano ezikhethekile ze-tractor kanye ne-torch eziklanywe futhi zasetshenziswa yi-PSI.