Masomphenya a Anish Kapoor pa chosema cha Cloud Gate ku Chicago's Millennium Park ndikuti chikufanana ndi madzi a mercury, kuwunikira bwino mzinda wozungulira. Kupeza umphumphu uwu ndi ntchito ya chikondi.
"Chomwe ndimafuna kuchita ndi Millennium Park chinali kuphatikiza mawonekedwe aku Chicago ... Anish Kapoor, wosema Cloud Gate
Kuyang'ana pamalo odekha a chosema chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ichi, zimakhala zovuta kuganiza kuti chitsulo ndi kulimba mtima zimabisala bwanji pansi pake. Cloud Gate imabisa nkhani za opanga zitsulo opitilira 100, odulira, owotcherera, odulira, mainjiniya, akatswiri, oyika, oyika ndi mamanenjala - pazaka zopitilira 5.
Ambiri ankagwira ntchito maola ochuluka, amagwira ntchito m'ma workshop pakati pa usiku, anamanga mahema pamalo omangamanga ndikugwira ntchito mu kutentha kwa madigiri 110 mu suti zonse za Tyvek® ndi masks a theka. Ena amalimbana ndi mphamvu yokoka, kupachika pazingwe, kunyamula zida, ndi kugwira ntchito pamalo oterera. Chilichonse chimapita pang'ono (ndi kupitirira) kuti zosatheka zotheka.
Lingaliro la wosema Concreting Anish Kapoor la mtambo woyandama wa matani 110, 66-utali, 33-foot-high chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri inali ntchito ya Performance Structures Inc., kampani yopanga zinthu. (PSI), Oakland, California, ndi MTH, Villa. Park, Illinois. Pachikumbutso chake cha 120th, MTH ndi imodzi mwamakontrakitala akale kwambiri azitsulo ndi magalasi ku Chicago.
Zofunikira pakukhazikitsa polojekitiyi zidzadalira luso lazojambula, luso, luso lamakina ndi luso lopanga makampani onse awiri. Amapangidwa mwachizolowezi komanso zida zomangira ntchitoyo.
Ena mwamavuto a polojekitiyi amachokera ku mawonekedwe ake opindika modabwitsa - kadontho kapena mchombo chozondoka - ndipo ena kuchokera kukula kwake. Zibolibolizo zinamangidwa ndi makampani aŵiri osiyanasiyana m’malo osiyanasiyana motalikirana makilomita zikwi zambiri, kudzetsa mavuto a mayendedwe ndi masitaelo a ntchito. Njira zambiri zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa m'munda ndizovuta kuchita pansi pa shopu, osasiya kumunda. Vuto lalikulu limakhalapo chifukwa chakuti dongosolo loterolo silinapangidwepo kale. Chifukwa chake, palibe ulalo, palibe pulani, palibe mapu amsewu.
Ethan Silva wa PSI ali ndi luso lambiri la zomangamanga, poyamba pa sitima zapamadzi ndipo pambuyo pake muzojambula zina, ndipo ali woyenerera kugwira ntchito zapadera zomanga ziboliboli. Anish Kapoor adapempha omaliza maphunziro a physics ndi art kuti apereke chitsanzo chaching'ono.
"Choncho ndinapanga chitsanzo cha mamita 2 x 3, chidutswa chopukutidwa chosalala kwambiri, ndipo anati, 'O, inu munachita izo, ndiwe nokha amene munachita izo,' chifukwa wakhala akuyang'ana kwa zaka ziwiri. Pezani wina amene adzachita, "adatero Silva.
Dongosolo loyambirira linali loti PSI ipange ndi kumanga chosema chonsecho ndikutumiza gawo lonse kumwera kwa nyanja ya Pacific kudzera ku Panama Canal ndi kumpoto m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic ndi St. Lawrence Seaway kupita ku doko la Nyanja ya Michigan. Edward Ulir, CEO wa Millennium Park Inc. Malinga ndi mawuwo, makina oyendetsa opangidwa mwapadera adzamutengera ku Millennium Park. Zovuta za nthawi ndi zochitika zinapangitsa kuti mapulaniwa asinthe. Chifukwa chake, mapanelo okhotakhota adayenera kutetezedwa kuti ayendetse ndikuyendetsa galimoto kupita ku Chicago, komwe MTH idasonkhanitsa ma substructure ndi superstructure, ndikulumikiza mapanelo ku superstructure.
Kumaliza ndi kupukuta ma welds a Cloud Gate kuti awapatse mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino inali imodzi mwazinthu zovuta kwambiri pakuyika ndi kusonkhanitsa pamalopo. Ndondomeko ya 12 imatsirizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mthunzi wonyezimira, wofanana ndi pulasitiki yodzikongoletsera.
"Kwenikweni, tinagwira ntchito imeneyi kwa zaka pafupifupi zitatu kupanga magawowa," adatero Silva. "Iyi ndi ntchito yovuta. Zimatenga nthawi yochuluka kuti mudziwe momwe mungachitire ndi kulongosola tsatanetsatane; mukudziwa, kuti mufikitse ungwiro. Momwe timagwiritsira ntchito luso lamakono la makompyuta ndi zitsulo zakale ndizophatikiza luso lazopanga ndi zamlengalenga. ."
Iye ananena kuti n’zovuta kupanga chinthu chachikulu komanso cholemera kwambiri m’njira yolondola kwambiri. Ma slabs aakulu kwambiri anali mamita 7 m’lifupi ndi mamita 11 m’litali ndipo ankalemera mapaundi 1,500.
"Kuchita ntchito zonse za CAD ndikupanga zojambula zenizeni za sitolo za ntchitoyi ndi ntchito yaikulu yokha," akutero Silva. “Timagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa pakompyuta kuyeza mbale ndikuwunika molondola mawonekedwe ake ndi kupindika kuti agwirizane bwino.
"Tinapanga kayeseleledwe ka kompyuta ndikugawa," adatero Silva. "Ndinagwiritsa ntchito luso langa pomanga zipolopolo ndipo ndinali ndi malingaliro a momwe ndingagawire mawonekedwe kuti mizere ya msoko igwire ntchito kuti tipeze zotsatira zabwino kwambiri."
Mambale ena ndi a square, ena ndi ooneka ngati pie. Pamene iwo ali pafupi kwambiri ndi kusintha kwakuthwa, amakhala ngati pie komanso kukula kwa radius ya kusintha kwa radial. Kumtunda iwo ndi osalala ndi okulirapo.
Madzi a m'magazi amadula 1/4 mpaka 3/8-inch thick 316L zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, Silva akuti, zomwe zimakhala zamphamvu zokha. Vuto lalikulu ndi lopangitsa kuti masilabu akulu azipindika ndendende ndendende. Izi zimatheka popanga mafelemu a nthiti m'mbali zonse za nthiti zake molondola kwambiri.
Ma boardwa amakulungidwa pa 3D rollers omwe PSI adapanga ndikupangidwira makamaka kuti azigudubuza matabwawa (onani mkuyu 1). "Zimakhala ngati msuweni wa British rollers. Timawagudubuza pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono monga mapiko," adatero Silva. Pindani gulu lililonse ndikulisuntha mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo pa zodzigudubuza, kusintha kupanikizika kwa ma rollers mpaka mapanelo ali mkati mwa 0.01 ″ kukula komwe mukufuna. Malinga ndi iye, kulondola kwakukulu kofunikira kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupanga mapepala bwino.
Wowotcherayo amawotchera waya wa flux-cored ku kapangidwe ka nthiti zamkati. "Malingaliro anga, waya wopangidwa ndi flux ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri," akufotokoza Silva. "Izi zimakupatsani ma welds apamwamba kwambiri omwe amayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga komanso mawonekedwe abwino."
Onse bolodi pamwamba ndi dzanja mchenga ndi mphero pa makina kudula iwo chikwi cha inchi kuti agwirizane wina ndi mzake (onani mkuyu. 2). Tsimikizirani kukula ndi kuyeza kolondola ndi zida zowunikira laser. Pomaliza, mbaleyo imapukutidwa mpaka pagalasi ndipo imakutidwa ndi filimu yoteteza.
Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mapanelo, limodzi ndi maziko ndi mawonekedwe amkati, adasonkhanitsidwa pamsonkhano woyeserera mapanelo asanatumizidwe kuchokera ku Auckland (onani zithunzi 3 ndi 4). Anakonza ndondomeko ya matabwa ndi msoko anawotcherera matabwa angapo ang'onoang'ono kuti agwirizane. "Choncho titaziphatikiza ku Chicago, tidadziwa kuti zikwanira," adatero Silva.
Kutentha, nthawi komanso kugwedezeka kwa trolley kungapangitse kuti pepala lopindika lithe. Nthiti za grating sizinapangidwe kuti ziwonjezere kukhazikika kwa bolodi, komanso kusunga mawonekedwe a bolodi panthawi yoyendetsa.
Chifukwa chake, mesh yolimbitsa ikakhala mkati, mbaleyo imatenthedwa ndikutenthedwa kuti ichepetse kupsinjika. Pofuna kupewa kuonongeka podutsa, ma cradle amapangidwa pa mbale iliyonse ndikulowetsedwa m'mitsuko, pafupifupi zinayi panthawi.
Zotengerazo zidadzazidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zidatha, pafupifupi zinayi panthawi, ndikutumizidwa ku Chicago ndi gulu la PSI kuti akayikidwe ndi gulu la MTH. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi logistician amene amagwirizanitsa zoyendera, ndipo wina ndi woyang'anira dera luso. Amagwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ogwira ntchito ku MTH ndikuthandizira kupanga matekinoloje atsopano ngati pakufunika. "Zowonadi, anali gawo lofunika kwambiri la ndondomekoyi," adatero Silva.
Lyle Hill, Purezidenti wa MTH, adanena kuti MTH Industries poyambilira idapatsidwa ntchito yoyimitsa chibolibolicho pansi ndikuyika mawonekedwe apamwamba, kenako kuwotcherera mapepala ndikuchipukuta ndi kupukuta komaliza, mothandizidwa ndi PSI Technical Management. chosema chimatanthauza kulinganiza pakati pa luso ndi zochitika, chiphunzitso ndi zenizeni, nthawi yofunikira ndi nthawi yokonzekera.
Lou Czerny, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa MTH wa engineering ndi manejala wa polojekiti, adati ali ndi chidwi ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa polojekitiyi. "Monga momwe timadziwira, zinthu zikuchitika pa ntchitoyi zomwe sizinachitikepo kapena zomwe sizinaganizidwepo," adatero Cerny.
Koma kugwira ntchito yamtundu woyamba kumafuna luso lotha kusintha pa malo kuti muthane ndi mavuto osayembekezereka ndikuyankha mafunso omwe amabwera panjira:
Kodi mumangirira bwanji zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 128 zamagalimoto pamalo apamwamba okhazikika mutavala magolovu a ana? Momwe mungagulitsire nyemba zazikulu zooneka ngati arc popanda kudalira? Kodi ndingalowetse bwanji chowotcherera popanda kuwotcherera kuchokera mkati? Momwe mungakwaniritsire magalasi abwino kwambiri azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri m'munda? Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mphezi imugunda?
Czerny adati chizindikiro choyamba chosonyeza kuti ntchitoyi idzakhala yovuta kwambiri ndi pamene ntchito yomanga ndi kuika zida zolemera mapaundi 30,000 inayamba. Kapangidwe kachitsulo kothandizira chosema.
Ngakhale kuti zitsulo zapamwamba za zinki zomwe zinaperekedwa ndi PSI kuti asonkhanitse maziko a gawoli zinali zosavuta kupanga, nsanja ya substructure inali theka pamwamba pa malo odyera ndi theka pamwamba pa malo osungiramo magalimoto, aliyense pamtunda wosiyana.
"Chifukwa chake maziko ake ndi owoneka bwino komanso osasunthika," adatero Czerny. "Kumene tidayika zitsulo zambiri, kuphatikiza koyambirira kwa slab komweko, tidakakamiza crane kulowa dzenje la 5."
Czerny adati adagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana mwaukadaulo kwambiri, kuphatikiza njira yolumikizirana ndi makina isanakwane yofanana ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamigodi ya malasha ndi nangula wina wamankhwala. Pansi pazitsulo zachitsulo zikakhazikika mu konkire, superstructure iyenera kumangidwa kumene chipolopolocho chidzamangiriridwa.
"Tinayamba kukhazikitsa dongosolo la truss pogwiritsa ntchito mphete ziwiri zazikulu za 304 zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri - imodzi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa kapangidwe kake ndi kumwera," akutero Czerny (onani Chithunzi 3). Mphetezo zimangiriridwa ndi ma tubular opingasa. Chigawo chapakati cha mphete chimagawidwa ndikumangidwa m'malo mwake pogwiritsa ntchito GMAW, kuwotcherera ndodo ndi zolimba zomata.
"Chifukwa chake pali mawonekedwe akuluakulu omwe palibe amene adawawonapo; ndizomwe zimapangidwira," adatero Czerny.
Ngakhale atayesetsa kwambiri kupanga, kupanga, kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa zida zonse zofunika pa projekiti ya Auckland, chosemachi sichinachitikepo ndipo njira zatsopano nthawi zonse zimatsagana ndi ma burrs ndi zokopa. Momwemonso, kufananiza lingaliro la kampani imodzi ndi ina sikophweka monga kupatsira ndodo. Kuphatikiza apo, mtunda wapakati pakati pa masambawo udapangitsa kuti kuchedwetsa kubwerekedwe, ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zomveka kutulutsa pamalowo.
"Ngakhale njira zolumikizirana ndi kuwotcherera zidakonzedweratu ku Auckland pasadakhale, momwe malowa amafunikira kuti aliyense akhale wopanga," adatero Silva. "Ndipo antchito amgwirizano ndiabwino kwambiri."
Kwa miyezi ingapo yoyambirira, chizolowezi cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha MTH chinali kudziwa zomwe ntchito ya tsikulo imafunika komanso momwe mungapangire bwino zigawo zina zamagulu ang'onoang'ono, komanso ma struts, "shock", mikono, mapini, ndi mapini. Er adati ndodo za pogo zimafunikira kuti pakhale njira yosakhalitsa.
“Ndikupanga zinthu mosalekeza pa ndege kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino komanso kuti zifike msanga m’munda.” Timathera nthawi yochuluka pokonza zimene tili nazo, nthawi zina timapanganso zinthu zina, n’kumapanganso zigawo zimene tikufuna.
"Kwenikweni Lachiwiri tidzakhala ndi zinthu 10 zomwe tiyenera kupereka Lachitatu," adatero Hill. "Tili ndi ntchito yochulukirapo komanso ntchito zambiri m'sitolo zomwe zimachitika pakati pausiku."
"Pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya zigawo zoyimitsidwa za sideboard zimapangidwa kapena kusinthidwa m'munda," adatero Czerny. “Nthaŵi zingapo tinkakhoza tsiku la maola 24. Ndinakhala m’sitolo mpaka 2, 3 koloko m’maŵa ndi kupita kunyumba kukasamba, n’kunyamulidwa pa 5:30 ndipo ndinali kunyowabe.
Dongosolo loyimitsa kwakanthawi la MTN pakuphatikiza nkhokweyo imakhala ndi akasupe, ma struts ndi zingwe. Zolumikizana zonse pakati pa mbale zimalumikizidwa kwakanthawi limodzi. "Chifukwa chake mawonekedwe onse amalumikizidwa ndi makina, kuyimitsidwa mkati mwa ma trusses 304," adatero Czerny.
Amayambira pa dome m'munsi mwa chosema cha omgala - "mchombo wa navel". Dome idayimitsidwa kuchokera pamiyalayo pogwiritsa ntchito kachipangizo kothandizira kasupe kakang'ono ka mfundo zinayi, yokhala ndi ma hangers, zingwe ndi akasupe. Czerny adati kasupe amapereka "bounce" pamene matabwa ambiri akuwonjezeredwa. Akasupewo amasinthidwa malinga ndi kulemera komwe kumawonjezeredwa ndi mbale iliyonse kuti agwirizane ndi chosema chonse.
Iliyonse mwa matabwa a 168 ili ndi njira yake yothandizira kuyimitsidwa kwa masika anayi kotero imathandizidwa payekhapayekha. "Lingaliro silikuwunika mopitilira muyeso zilizonse chifukwa zolumikizirazo zimayikidwa kuti zikwaniritse kusiyana kwa 0/0," adatero Cerny. "Ngati gululo ligunda bolodi pansi limatha kuyambitsa zovuta ndi zovuta zina."
Monga umboni wa kulondola kwa PSI, msonkhanowu ndi wabwino kwambiri osasewera pang'ono. "PSI yachita ntchito yabwino kwambiri yopanga mapanelo," akutero Czerny. "Ndimawayamikira chifukwa, pamapeto pake, amakwanira bwino. Zipangizozi ndi zabwino kwambiri, zomwe kwa ine ndizabwino kwambiri. Tikulankhula pafupifupi mamilimita masauzande ambiri. Chimbale chophatikizidwa chili ndi malire."
"Akamaliza kusonkhanitsa, anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti zatha," adatero Silva, osati chifukwa chakuti ma seams ndi othina, komanso chifukwa zigawo zonse zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ndi mbale zopukutidwa ndi magalasi zimawonekera kuti ziwonetse malo ake. Koma matako amawoneka, madzi a mercury alibe seams. Kuphatikiza apo, chosemacho chinayenera kuwotcherera mokwanira kuti chisungire kukhulupirika kwake kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo, adatero Silva.
Kumalizidwa kwa Chipata cha Mtambo kudayenera kuchedwetsedwa pakutsegulidwa kwakukulu kwa pakiyo kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2004, kotero omhalus adakhala GTAW yamoyo, ndipo izi zidapitilira kwa miyezi ingapo.
"Mutha kuwona ting'onoting'ono tabulauni pozungulira nyumbayo, zomwe ndi zolumikizira za TIG," adatero Czerny. "Tidayamba kukonzanso mahema mu Januware."
"Vuto lalikulu lotsatira la polojekitiyi linali lowotcherera msoko popanda kutaya mawonekedwe ake chifukwa cha kuwotcherera shrinkage," adatero Silva.
Malinga ndi Czerny, kuwotcherera kwa plasma kumapereka mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kofunikira popanda chiopsezo chochepa papepala. Kusakaniza kwa 98% argon ndi 2% helium ndikwabwino kwambiri pakuchepetsa kuipitsidwa ndi kukonza kaphatikizidwe.
Owotcherera amagwiritsa ntchito njira zowotcherera za plasma pogwiritsa ntchito magwero amphamvu a Thermal Arc® ndi mathirakitala apadera ndi ma tochi opangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi PSI.