Manufar Anish Kapoor na sassaken Cloud Gate a Millennium Park na Chicago ita ce yana kama da ruwa mai kama da mercury, wanda ke nuna birnin da ke kewaye cikin sauƙi. Cimma wannan cikakkiyar aiki ne na ƙauna.
"Abin da nake so in yi da Millennium Park shi ne in haɗa da sararin samaniyar Chicago... domin mutane su ga gajimare suna shawagi a ciki da kuma waɗannan gine-gine masu tsayi da ke nuna a cikin aikin. , mahalarta, mai kallo zai iya shiga wannan ɗaki mai zurfi, wanda a wata ma'ana yana aiki da kansa kamar yadda bayyanar aikin ke aiki akan hasken birnin da ke kewaye," sanannen mai zane ɗan Birtaniya a duniya. Anish Kapoor, mai sassaka Cloud Gate.
Idan aka duba yanayin kwanciyar hankali na wannan babban sassaka na bakin ƙarfe, yana da wuya a iya hasashen adadin ƙarfe da ƙarfin hali da ke ɓoye a ƙarƙashin samansa. Cloud Gate tana ɓoye labaran masu ƙera ƙarfe sama da 100, masu yankewa, masu walda, masu gyaran gashi, injiniyoyi, masu fasaha, masu gyaran gashi, masu gyaran gashi da manajoji - sama da shekaru 5 ana yin su.
Da yawa sun yi aiki na tsawon sa'o'i, sun yi aiki a bita da tsakar dare, sun kafa tanti a wurin gini kuma sun yi aiki a yanayin zafi mai digiri 110 cikin cikakken kayan Tyvek® da abin rufe fuska. Wasu suna aiki a kan ƙarfin nauyi, suna rataye da igiyoyi, suna riƙe kayan aiki, da kuma aiki a kan gangaren da ba su da santsi. Komai yana tafiya kaɗan (kuma ya wuce gona da iri) don ya sa abin da ba zai yiwu ba ya yiwu.
Manufar Anish Kapoor, mai sassaka siminti, ta gina gajimare mai iyo a cikin wani sassaka mai nauyin tan 110, tsawon ƙafa 66, tsayin ƙafa 33, aikin Performance Structures Inc. ne, wani kamfanin masana'antu. (PSI), Oakland, California, da MTH, Villa. Park, Illinois. A bikin cika shekaru 120 da kafa, MTH tana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin 'yan kwangilar ƙarfe da gilashi a yankin Chicago.
Bukatun aiwatar da aikin zai dogara ne akan aikin fasaha, kirkire-kirkire, ƙwarewar injiniya da ƙwarewar masana'antu na kamfanonin biyu. An ƙera su musamman har ma an ƙera su don aikin.
Wasu daga cikin matsalolin aikin sun samo asali ne daga siffarsa mai lanƙwasa - digo ko juye-juye - wasu kuma daga girmansa mai ban mamaki. Kamfanoni biyu daban-daban ne suka gina sassaken a wurare daban-daban dubban mil nesa da juna, wanda hakan ya haifar da matsaloli game da sufuri da salon aiki. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da dole ne a yi a fagen aiki suna da wahalar aiwatarwa a kan benen shago, balle a fagen. Babban wahalar tana tasowa ne kawai saboda ba a taɓa ƙirƙirar irin wannan tsari ba a da. Don haka, babu hanyar haɗi, babu tsari, babu taswirar hanya.
Ethan Silva na PSI yana da ƙwarewa sosai a fannin gina harsashi, da farko a jiragen ruwa sannan daga baya a wasu ayyukan fasaha, kuma yana da cancantar yin ayyukan gina harsashi na musamman. Anish Kapoor ya nemi waɗanda suka kammala karatun kimiyyar lissafi da fasaha su samar da ƙaramin samfurin.
"Don haka na yi samfurin mita 2 x 3, wani yanki mai lanƙwasa mai santsi, sai ya ce, 'Kai, kai kaɗai ne ka yi shi,' domin yana neman shekaru biyu. Nemo wanda zai yi," in ji Silva.
Tsarin farko shine PSI ta ƙera ta kuma gina sassaken gaba ɗaya sannan ta aika da dukkan sassan kudu da Tekun Pacific ta hanyar Panama Canal da arewa tare da Tekun Atlantika da kuma Tekun St. Lawrence zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa a Tafkin Michigan. Edward Ulir, Shugaba na Millennium Park Inc. A cewar sanarwar, wani tsarin jigilar kaya da aka tsara musamman zai kai shi Millennium Park. Takaitawar lokaci da aiki sun tilasta wa waɗannan tsare-tsaren su canza. Don haka, dole ne a ɗaure bangarorin da aka lanƙwasa don jigilar kaya sannan a kai su Chicago, inda MTH ta haɗa ƙananan gine-gine da babban gini, sannan ta haɗa bangarorin da babban gini.
Kammalawa da goge walda na Cloud Gate don ba su kyan gani ba shi ne ɗaya daga cikin mafi wahalar shigarwa da haɗa su a wurin. Ana kammala aikin matakai 12 ta hanyar shafa launin shuɗi mai haske, kamar goge kayan ado.
"Ainihin, mun yi aiki a kan wannan aikin na tsawon shekaru uku muna yin waɗannan sassan," in ji Silva. "Wannan aiki ne mai wahala. Yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo kafin a gano yadda ake yin sa da kuma aiwatar da cikakkun bayanai; kun sani, kawai don kawo cikas. Yadda muke amfani da fasahar kwamfuta da kuma tsofaffin ayyukan ƙarfe, haɗin fasahar ƙirƙira da fasahar sararin samaniya ne."
Ya ce yana da wuya a yi wani abu mai girma da nauyi haka tare da cikakken daidaito. Manyan allon suna da matsakaicin faɗin ƙafa 7 da tsawon ƙafa 11 kuma suna da nauyin fam 1,500.
"Yin duk aikin CAD da ƙirƙirar ainihin zane-zanen shagon don aikin babban aiki ne a cikin kansa," in ji Silva. "Muna amfani da fasahar kwamfuta don auna faranti da kuma kimanta siffarsu da lanƙwasa daidai don su dace daidai."
Silva ya ce, "Mun yi kwaikwayon kwamfuta sannan muka raba shi." "Na yi amfani da gogewata a fannin gina harsashi kuma ina da wasu ra'ayoyi kan yadda zan raba siffofi ta yadda layukan dinki za su yi aiki domin mu sami sakamako mafi inganci."
Wasu faranti murabba'i ne, wasu kuma siffar biredi ne. Yayin da suke kusa da canjin mai kaifi, haka nan suke da siffar biredi kuma girman radius na canjin biredi ne. A saman ɓangaren suna da faɗi da girma.
Silva ya ce, sinadarin plasma yana yanke bakin karfe mai kauri inci 1/4 zuwa 3/8, wanda ya isa ƙarfinsa. "Ainihin ƙalubalen shine a bai wa manyan allon daidai lanƙwasa. Ana yin hakan ta hanyar tsara tsarin haƙarƙari da kuma ƙera firam ɗin tsarin haƙarƙari na kowane farantin. Ta wannan hanyar, za mu iya tantance siffar kowanne farantin daidai."
Ana birgima allunan a kan na'urorin 3D waɗanda PSI ta tsara kuma ta ƙera musamman don birgima waɗannan allunan (duba hoto na 1). "Yana kama da ɗan uwan ​​na'urorin rollers na Burtaniya. Muna birgima su ta amfani da fasaha iri ɗaya da fikafikai," in ji Silva. Lanƙwasa kowane faifan ta hanyar motsa shi baya da gaba a kan na'urorin rollers, daidaita matsin lamba akan na'urorin rollers har sai bangarorin sun kasance cikin girman da ake so 0.01″. A cewarsa, daidaitaccen da ake buƙata yana sa ya zama da wahala a samar da zanen gado cikin sauƙi.
Sai mai walda ya haɗa wayar da aka haɗa da flux-core zuwa tsarin tsarin ciki. "A ganina, wayar da aka haɗa da flux-core hanya ce mai kyau ta ƙirƙirar walda mai tsari na bakin ƙarfe," in ji Silva. "Wannan yana ba ku walda masu inganci tare da mai da hankali kan kera da kuma kyakkyawan kyan gani."
An yi wa dukkan saman allon yashi da hannu sannan a niƙa su a kan injin don a yanke su zuwa inci dubu ɗaya don su dace da juna (duba hoto na 2). Tabbatar da girmansu da ingantaccen kayan aikin aunawa da na'urar daukar hoto ta laser. A ƙarshe, an goge farantin zuwa madubi kuma an rufe shi da fim mai kariya.
An haɗa kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na bangarorin, tare da tushe da tsarin ciki, a cikin wani gwaji kafin a jigilar bangarorin daga Auckland (duba hotuna na 3 da 4). Mun tsara tsarin yin katako kuma muka haɗa ƙananan allunan da yawa don haɗa su wuri ɗaya. "Don haka lokacin da muka haɗa shi a Chicago, mun san zai dace," in ji Silva.
Zafin jiki, lokaci da kuma rawar da keken ke yi na iya sa zanen da aka naɗe ya sassauta. An ƙera ragar da aka yi da ribbed grating ba wai kawai don ƙara tauri na allon ba, har ma don kiyaye siffar allon yayin jigilar kaya.
Saboda haka, idan ragar ƙarfafawa ta kasance a ciki, ana shafa wa farantin zafi sannan a sanyaya shi don rage matsin lamba. Don ƙara hana lalacewa a lokacin wucewa, ana yin gadon jariri ga kowane kwano sannan a ɗora shi a cikin kwantena, kimanin huɗu a lokaci guda.
Daga nan aka ɗora kwantena da kayayyaki marasa ƙarewa, kimanin huɗu a lokaci guda, aka aika su Chicago tare da ma'aikatan PSI don shigarwa tare da ma'aikatan MTH. Ɗaya daga cikinsu ƙwararren injiniya ne wanda ke daidaita jigilar kaya, ɗayan kuma mai kula ne a fannin fasaha. Yana aiki kowace rana tare da ma'aikatan MTH kuma yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka sabbin fasahohi idan ana buƙata. "Tabbas, ya kasance muhimmin ɓangare na tsarin," in ji Silva.
Lyle Hill, Shugaban MTH, ya ce da farko an ba MTH Industries aikin gina sassaken da ke cikin ƙasa da kuma sanya babban ginin, sannan a haɗa shi da zanen gado da kuma yin yashi da gogewa na ƙarshe, bisa ga PSI Technical Management. sassaken yana nufin daidaito tsakanin fasaha da aiki, ka'ida da gaskiya, lokacin da ake buƙata da lokacin da aka tsara.
Lou Czerny, mataimakin shugaban MTH na injiniya kuma manajan ayyuka, ya ce yana sha'awar keɓancewar aikin. "Gwargwadon iliminmu, abubuwa suna faruwa a kan wannan aikin da ba a taɓa yin sa ba ko kuma ba a taɓa yin la'akari da shi ba a da," in ji Cerny.
Amma yin aiki a kan wani aiki na farko yana buƙatar ƙwarewa mai sassauƙa a wurin aiki don magance matsalolin da ba a zata ba da kuma amsa tambayoyin da ke tasowa a hanya:
Ta yaya za a haɗa allunan ƙarfe 128 masu girman mota zuwa wani babban gini na dindindin yayin da ake saka safar hannu na yara? Ta yaya za a haɗa babban wake mai siffar baka ba tare da dogaro da shi ba? Ta yaya zan iya shiga walda ba tare da samun damar walda daga ciki ba? Ta yaya zan cimma cikakkiyar kammalawar madubi na walda na bakin ƙarfe a filin? Me zai faru idan walƙiya ta same shi?
Czerny ya ce abin da ya fara nuna cewa wannan aikin zai zama wani aiki mai matuƙar rikitarwa shi ne lokacin da aka fara ginawa da kuma shigar da kayan aikin mai nauyin fam 30,000. Tsarin ƙarfe da ke tallafawa sassaken.
Duk da cewa ƙarfe mai yawan zinc da PSI ta samar don haɗa tushen ginin yana da sauƙin ƙerawa, dandamalin ginin yana da rabi a saman gidan cin abinci da rabi a saman wurin ajiye motoci, kowannensu a tsayi daban-daban.
"Don haka tushen yana da ɗan ƙarfi kuma yana rawa," in ji Czerny. "A inda muka sanya ƙarfe da yawa, har ma a farkon farantin da kansa, dole ne mu tilasta wa crane ɗin ya shiga rami mai tsawon ƙafa 5."
Czerny ya ce sun yi amfani da tsarin makalewa mai matuƙar inganci, gami da tsarin makalewa na injiniya irin wanda ake amfani da shi a haƙar kwal da wasu anka na sinadarai. Da zarar an makale tushen tsarin ƙarfe a cikin siminti, dole ne a gina wani babban gini wanda za a haɗa harsashin.
"Mun fara shigar da tsarin truss ta amfani da manyan zoben ƙarfe 304 na bakin ƙarfe da aka ƙera—ɗaya a ƙarshen arewa na ginin ɗaya kuma a ƙarshen kudu," in ji Czerny (duba Hoto na 3). An ɗaure zoben da trusses masu haɗuwa. An raba tsakiyar zoben kuma an ɗaure shi ta amfani da GMAW, walda sanda da kuma masu tauri na walda.
"Don haka akwai wani babban gini da babu wanda ya taɓa gani; kawai don tsarin gini ne," in ji Czerny.
Duk da ƙoƙarin da aka yi na tsara, injiniya, ƙera da kuma shigar da duk abubuwan da ake buƙata don aikin Auckland, wannan sassaka ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba kuma sabbin hanyoyi koyaushe suna tare da ƙuraje da ƙaiƙayi. Hakazalika, daidaita ra'ayin masana'antu na wani kamfani zuwa wani ba abu ne mai sauƙi kamar wuce sandar ba. Bugu da ƙari, nisan da ke tsakanin wurare ya haifar da jinkirin isar da kaya, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama da ma'ana a yi shi a wurin.
Silva ya ce, "Yayin da aka tsara tsarin haɗawa da walda a Auckland kafin lokaci, yanayin wurin ya buƙaci kowa ya zama mai ƙirƙira." "Kuma ma'aikatan ƙungiyar kwadago suna da kyau ƙwarai."
A cikin watannin farko, tsarin yau da kullun na MTH shine tantance abin da aikin ranar ya ƙunsa da kuma yadda za a ƙera wasu daga cikin abubuwan haɗin ƙananan firam ɗin, da kuma wasu struts, "shocks", hannaye, fil, da fil. Er ya ce ana buƙatar sandunan pogo don ƙirƙirar tsarin siding na ɗan lokaci.
"Tsarin ƙira da samarwa ne da ake ci gaba da yi a kan lokaci domin ci gaba da tafiya da kuma isa ga fagen da sauri. Muna ɓatar da lokaci mai tsawo muna tsara abin da muke da shi, a wasu lokutan muna sake tsarawa da sake tsara shi, sannan mu samar da sassan da muke buƙata."
"A zahiri a ranar Talata za mu sami abubuwa 10 da za mu kai wurin ranar Laraba," in ji Hill. "Muna da ayyuka da yawa na ƙarin lokaci da kuma ayyuka da yawa a cikin shago da ake yi a tsakiyar dare."
"Kusan kashi 75 cikin 100 na kayan da aka yi amfani da su wajen dakatar da fata ana ƙera su ne ko kuma ana gyara su a filin wasa," in ji Czerny. "Sau biyu mun biya kuɗin da muka biya na tsawon awanni 24. Na kasance a shago har zuwa ƙarfe 2, 3 na safe kuma na koma gida na yi wanka, na ɗauke su da ƙarfe 5:30 amma har yanzu jikewa ya yi."
Tsarin dakatarwa na wucin gadi na MTN don haɗa harsashin ya ƙunshi maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, struts da kebul. Duk haɗin da ke tsakanin faranti ana ɗaure su na ɗan lokaci. "Don haka dukkan tsarin an haɗa shi ta hanyar injiniya, an rataye shi daga ciki akan trusses 304," in ji Czerny.
Suna farawa daga kumbon da ke ƙasan sassaken omgala - "cibiya ta cibiya". An rataye kumbon daga cikin sandunan ta amfani da tsarin tallafi na wucin gadi na dakatarwa mai maki huɗu, wanda ya ƙunshi rataye, kebul da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. Czerny ya ce maɓuɓɓugan ruwa yana ba da "juyawa" yayin da ake ƙara allunan ruwa. Sannan ana daidaita maɓuɓɓugan ruwa bisa ga nauyin da kowanne faranti ya ƙara don daidaita dukkan sassaken.
Kowanne daga cikin allunan 168 yana da nasa tsarin tallafin dakatarwar bazara mai maki huɗu, don haka ana tallafa masa daban-daban. "Ra'ayin ba shine a yi la'akari da duk wani haɗin gwiwa fiye da kima ba saboda an haɗa waɗannan haɗin gwiwar don cimma gibin 0/0," in ji Cerny. "Idan kwamitin ya buga allon da ke ƙasa, zai iya haifar da karkacewa da sauran matsaloli."
A matsayin shaida ga daidaiton PSI, haɗawar tana da kyau sosai ba tare da wani wasa ba. "PSI ta yi aiki mai kyau wajen yin bangarorin," in ji Czerny. "Ina ba su yabo domin, a ƙarshe, ya dace sosai. Kayan aikin suna da kyau sosai, wanda a gare ni abin birgewa ne kawai. Muna magana ne game da dubun inci. Farantin da aka haɗa yana da gefen rufewa."
"Lokacin da suka gama haɗa kayan, mutane da yawa suna tunanin an gama," in ji Silva, ba wai kawai saboda ɗinkin sun yi tsauri ba, har ma saboda sassan da aka haɗa da faranti masu goge madubi suna aiki don nuna yanayinsa. Amma ana iya ganin ɗinkin duwawu, ruwa mai kama da mercury ba shi da ɗinki. Bugu da ƙari, dole ne a haɗa sassaken gaba ɗaya don kiyaye amincin tsarinsa ga tsararraki masu zuwa, in ji Silva.
Dole ne a jinkirta kammala Gate ɗin Cloud a lokacin buɗe babban wurin shakatawa a kaka ta 2004, don haka omhalus ya zama mai rayuwa a GTAW, kuma hakan ya ci gaba har tsawon watanni da dama.
"Kuna iya ganin ƙananan ɗigon launin ruwan kasa a kusa da ginin, waɗanda sune haɗin haɗin TIG," in ji Czerny. "Mun fara gyara tantunan a watan Janairu."
"Babban ƙalubalen samar da kayayyaki na gaba ga wannan aikin shine a yi wa dinki ba tare da rasa daidaiton siffarsa ba saboda raguwar walda," in ji Silva.
A cewar Czerny, walda ta plasma tana ba da ƙarfi da tauri da ake buƙata ba tare da wata matsala ba ga zanen. Cakuda argon 98% da helium 2% shine mafi kyau wajen rage gurɓatawa da inganta haɗuwa.
Masu walda suna amfani da dabarun walda na plasma ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki na Thermal Arc® da kuma haɗa tarakta da tocila na musamman waɗanda PSI ta tsara kuma ta yi amfani da su.