Loaʻa i ke kila kila Duplex kahi microstructure ʻelua-phase kahi o ka hapa nui o ka ferrite a me ka austenite ma kahi o 50%. Ma muli o kā lākou microstructure ʻelua-phase, hoʻohui kēia mau kila i nā waiwai maikaʻi loa o nā kila kila ferritic a me austenitic. Ma keʻano laulā, hāʻawi ka pae ferrite (lattice cubic i waenakonu o ke kino) i ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka corrosion, ʻoiai ʻo ka pae austenite (lattice cubic i waenakonu o ka maka) hāʻawi i ka ductility maikaʻi.
ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o kēia mau waiwai ke kumu e hoʻohana nui ʻia ai nā kila kila duplex i nā ʻoihana petrochemical, pulp a me ka pepa, nā ʻoihana moana a me ka hana mana. Hiki iā lākou ke kū i nā mea ʻino, hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa lawelawe, a hana i nā kūlana kaiapuni ʻoi aku ka ʻino.
ʻO nā mea ikaika kiʻekiʻe e ʻae iā ʻoe e hōʻemi i ka mānoanoa a me ke kaumaha o ka ʻāpana. No ka laʻana, hiki i ke kila kila super duplex ke hāʻawi i ka ikaika hua kiʻekiʻe ʻekolu a ʻehā manawa a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka pitting corrosion ma mua o ke kila kila 316.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kila kila Duplex i ʻekolu mau papa e pili ana i ka nui o ka chromium gravimetric (Cr) a me ka helu like o ke kū'ē ʻana o ka pitting (PREN):
ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ʻo DSS, SDSS, HDSS a me nā kila kila kila kūikawā ʻo ia ka kaohi ʻana i nā palena hoʻoheheʻe.
ʻO nā koi hana kuʻihao ʻoihana petrochemical e hoʻoholo i ka waiwai PREN liʻiliʻi loa e pono ai no nā metala hoʻopihapiha. No ka laʻana, koi ʻo DSS i kahi PREN o 35 a koi ʻo SDSS i kahi PREN o 40. Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 1 iā DSS a me kāna metala hoʻopihapiha kūlike no GMAW a me GTAW. ʻO ka maʻamau, e kūlike ka ʻike Cr o ka metala hoʻopihapiha me ka metala kumu. ʻO kahi hana e noʻonoʻo ai i ka wā e hoʻohana ai iā GTAW no nā aʻa a me nā kahawai wela ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā metala hoʻopihapiha superalloy. Inā ʻaʻole like ka metala weld ma muli o ka ʻenehana maikaʻi ʻole, hiki i ka metala hoʻopihapiha i hoʻohuihui nui ʻia ke hāʻawi i ka PREN i makemake ʻia a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe no ka laʻana i hoʻopili ʻia.
Ma ke ʻano he laʻana e hōʻike ai i kēia, ʻōlelo kekahi mau mea hana e hoʻohana i ka uea hoʻopihapiha SDSS (25% Cr) no nā mea hoʻohuihui DSS (22% Cr), a me ka uea hoʻopihapiha HDSS (27% Cr) i nā mea hoʻohuihui SDSS (25% Cr). No nā mea hoʻohuihui HDSS, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka uea hoʻopihapiha HDSS. ʻO kēia kila kila duplex austenitic-ferritic he 65% ferrite, 27% chromium, 6.5% nickel, 5% molybdenum a ua manaʻo ʻia he emi ma mua o 0.015% kalapona haʻahaʻa.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me SDSS, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka HDSS packing a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka pitting a me ka crevice corrosion. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūʻē kiʻekiʻe i ka hydrogen-induced stress cracking a me ke kūʻē kiʻekiʻe i nā wahi waikawa ikaika ma mua o SDSS. ʻO kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe ke ʻano o nā helu mālama haʻahaʻa i ka wā o ka hana ʻana i ka paipu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole koi ʻia ka nānā ʻana o nā mea palena no ka metala weld o ka ikaika kūlike, a hiki ke emi iki ka mālama ʻana i nā pae hoʻomaopopo.
Hāʻawi ʻia i ka laulā o nā mea kumu, nā koi mīkini a me nā kūlana lawelawe, e ʻoluʻolu e noʻonoʻo e kūkākūkā me kahi loea no ka noi a me ka metala hoʻopihapiha DSS ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kāu papahana aʻe.
ʻO WELDER, ʻo Practical Welding Today ma mua, hōʻike i nā poʻe maoli e hana ana i nā huahana a mākou e hoʻohana ai a hana pū me kēlā me kēia lā. Ua lawelawe kēia makasina i ke kaiāulu wili ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau no nā makahiki he 20 a ʻoi.
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