Ukushisela insimbi engagqwali kudinga ukukhethwa kwegesi evikelayo ukuze kugcinwe ukwakheka kwayo okusansimbi kanye nezakhiwo ezihambisanayo zomzimba nemishini.Izakhi zegesi ezivikelayo ezivamile zensimbi engagqwali zihlanganisa i-argon, i-helium, umoya-mpilo, i-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen, ne-hydrogen (bheka Umfanekiso 1) .Lawa magesi ahlanganiswe ngezilinganiso ezahlukene ukuze avumelane nezidingo zezindlela ezihlukene zokudiliva, izinhlobo ze-beadllo zejubane, i-wireless isifiso sokuhamba, i-profile ye-wireless.
Ngenxa yokungaphatheki kahle okushisayo kwensimbi engagqwali kanye nemvelo “ebanda” ecishe ifane yokudlulisa igesi yensimbi ye-arc welding (GMAW), le nqubo idinga igesi “ye-tri-mix” ehlanganisa u-85% kuya ku-90% we-helium (He), kufika ku-10 % Argon (Ar) kanye no-2% kuya ku-5% ingxube ye-CO2 ye-Carbon, i-Aoxide engu-9 ehlanganisa ingxube ye-Helium engu-90%. I-7-1 / 2% Ar, kanye ne-2-1 / 2% CO2. Amandla aphezulu we-ionization we-helium akhuthaza i-arcing ngemva kwesifunda esifushane; kuhambisana nokuhamba kwayo okushisayo okuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-He kwandisa uketshezi lwechibi elincibilikisiwe.Ingxenye ye-Ar ye-Trimix inikeza ukuvikela okujwayelekile kwe-weld puddle, kuyilapho i-CO2 isebenza njengengxenye esebenzayo ukuze kuqiniswe i-arc (bheka Umfanekiso 2 ukuthi amagesi avikelayo ahlukene athinta kanjani iphrofayili ye-weld bead).
Ezinye izingxube ze-ternary zingasebenzisa umoya-mpilo njenge-stabilizer, kuyilapho ezinye zisebenzisa ingxube ye-He/CO2/N2 ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela ofanayo.Abanye abasabalalisi begesi banemixube yegesi yobunikazi enikeza izinzuzo ezithenjisiwe.Abathengisi baphinde batusa lezi zingxube kwezinye izindlela zokudlulisela ezinomphumela ofanayo.
Iphutha elikhulu elenziwa abakhiqizi ukuzama ukufinyeza i-GMAW yensimbi engagqwali enengxube yegesi efanayo (75 Ar/25 CO2) njengensimbi ethambile, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuthi abafuni ukuphatha isilinda esengeziwe.Le ngxube iqukethe ikhabhoni eningi.Eqinisweni, noma iyiphi igesi evikelayo esetshenziselwa intambo eqinile kufanele ibe nesilinganiso esiphezulu esingu-5% se-carbon dioxide. (I-L-grade inokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni engaphansi kuka-0.03%).Ikhabhoni eyeqile kugesi evikelayo ingakha i-chromium carbides, enciphisa ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nezakhiwo zemishini.I-Soot nayo ingavela endaweni yokushisela.
Njengenothi eseceleni, lapho kukhethwa izinsimbi zokushoda kwe-GMAW kuma-alloys ayisisekelo ochungechunge angu-308 (308, 309, 316, 347), abakhiqizi kufanele bakhethe izinga le-LSi. Izigcwalisi ze-LSi zinokucutshungulwa kwekhabhoni ephansi (0.02%) futhi ngenxa yalokho zinconywa ikakhulukazi uma kunobungozi bokugqwala kwe-intergranular. weld futhi ukhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa ozwaneni.
Abakhiqizi kufanele baqaphele lapho besebenzisa izinqubo zokudlulisa isiyingi esifushane.Ukuhlanganisa okungaphelele kungabangela ngenxa yokucisha i-arc, okwenza inqubo ibe ngaphansi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi.Ezimweni zevolumu ephezulu, uma impahla ingakwazi ukusekela okokufaka kwayo kokushisa (≥ 1/16 intshi cishe into encane kakhulu eshiselwe kusetshenziswa i-pulse spray mode), kube i-pulse ukusekela indawo futhi sidlulise isifutho esingcono. I-GMAW iyakhethwa njengoba inikeza ukuhlanganisa okungaguquguquki.
Lezi zindlela zokudlulisa ukushisa okuphezulu azidingi i-He shield gas.Ngokwe-spray transfer welding of 300 series alloys, choice common 98% Ar and 2% reactive elements ezifana ne-CO2 noma i-O2.Ezinye izingxube zegesi zingase futhi ziqukathe amanani amancane e-N2.N2 anamandla aphezulu e-ionization kanye ne-thermal conductivity, ekhuthaza ukumanzisa noma ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba ngokushesha; futhi kunciphisa ukuhlanekezela.
Ngokudluliswa kwe-pulsed spray GMAW, i-100% Ar ingase ibe yisinqumo esamukelekayo.Ngenxa yokuthi i-pulsed current iqinisa i-arc, igesi ayidingi njalo izakhi ezisebenzayo.
Ichibi elincibilikisiwe lihamba kancane ezinsimbini ezingenasici ze-ferritic nezinsimbi ezingenasici eziphindwe kabili (isilinganiso esingu-50/50 se-ferrite kuya ku-austenite).Kulawa ma-alloys, ingxube yegesi efana no-~70% Ar/~30% He/2% CO2 izogqugquzela ukumanzisa okungcono futhi ikhulise isivinini sokuhamba (bona Umfanekiso 3) . ifomu endaweni yokushisela (isb, ukwengeza u-2% we-CO2 noma i-O2 kwanele ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-oxide, ngakho abakhiqizi kufanele bakugweme noma balungiselele ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi kukho). I-Abrasive ngoba lawa ma-oxide aqinile kangangokuthi ibhulashi lezintambo ngokuvamile ngeke liwasuse).
Abakhiqizi basebenzisa izintambo zensimbi engagqwali ene-flux-cored ukushisela ngaphandle kwe-situ ngoba isistimu ye-slag kulezi zintambo ihlinzeka "ngeshalofu" elisekela i-weld pool njengoba liqina.Ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwe-flux kunciphisa imiphumela ye-CO2, i-flux-cored stainless steel wire iklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ne-75% CO2% 0 %/2W ingxube ye-CO2 noma i-CO2% I-flux-coreed wire ingase ibize ngaphezulu ngephawundi ngalinye, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isivinini sokushisela esiphezulu kuzo zonke izimo kanye namazinga okubeka angase anciphise izindleko zokushisela.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucingo olunama-flux-cored lusebenzisa ukuphuma kwe-DC okuvamile okungaguquki, okwenza uhlelo lokushisela oluyisisekelo lungabizi kakhulu futhi lungabi yinkimbinkimbi kunezinhlelo ze-GMAW ezishayekile.
Kuma-alloys ochungechunge angu-300 no-400, i-100% i-Ar ihlala iyisinqumo esijwayelekile se-gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) .Ngesikhathi se-GTAW yama-alloys athile e-nickel, ikakhulukazi ngezinqubo ezenziwe ngomshini, amanani amancane e-hydrogen (kufika ku-5%) angase angezwe ukuze kukhuliswe isivinini sokuhamba (qaphela ukuthi ngokungafani nezinsimbi ze-carbon, i-nickel alloys ye-hydrogen ayi-crack).
Ngezinsimbi ezingenasici zokushisela i-superduplex ne-superduplex, i-98% Ar/2% N2 kanye ne-98% Ar/3% N2 yizinqumo ezinhle, ngokulandelanayo.I-Helium ingaphinde yengezwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumanzisa cishe ngo-30%.Lapho i-welding super duplex noma i-super duplex stainless steels, umgomo ukukhiqiza inhlanganisela ene-microstructure engu-50% elinganiselayo ne-50% i-austenite.Ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwe-microstructure kuncike ezingeni lokupholisa, futhi ngenxa yokuthi i-TIG weld pool ipholisa ngokushesha, i-ferrite eyeqile ihlala lapho kusetshenziswa i-100% Ar.Lapho kusetshenziswa ingxube yegesi equkethe i-N2, i-N2 inyakaza echibini elincibilikisiwe futhi ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-austenite.
Insimbi engagqwali idinga ukuvikela izinhlangothi zombili zokuhlangana ukuze kukhiqizwe i-weld eqediwe enokumelana nokugqwala okukhulu.Ukwehluleka ukuvikela ingemuva kungabangela "i-saccharification," noma i-oxidation ebanzi engaholela ekuhlulekeni kwe-solder.
Ukufakwa kwezinqe eziqinile ezinokulingana okuhle kakhulu noma okuqinile okuqinile ngemuva kokufakwa kungase kungadingi igesi yokusekela.Lapha, inkinga eyinhloko ukuvimbela ukushintsha kombala okweqile kwendawo ethinteke ngokushisa ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-oxide, okudinga ukususwa ngomshini. Ngokobuchwepheshe, uma izinga lokushisa elingemuva lidlula ama-degree Fahrenheit angu-500, indlela yokuvikela iyadingeka ukuze ivikeleke. 300 degrees Fahrenheit njenge-threshold. Okungcono, ukusekela kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-30 PPM O2. Okuhlukile uma ingemuva le-weld lizogujwa, ligaywe futhi lishiselwe ukuze kuzuzwe ukungena okugcwele kwe-weld.
Amagesi amabili asekelayo akhethwayo yi-N2 (eshibhile) kanye ne-Ar (ebiza kakhulu).Emihlanganweni emincane noma lapho imithombo ye-Ar itholakala kalula, kungase kube lula kakhulu ukusebenzisa leli gesi futhi kungakufanelekeli ukonga i-N2.Kungangezwa i-hydrogen efinyelela ku-5% ukuze kuncishiswe i-oxidation.Izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zokuhweba ziyatholakala, kodwa izisekelo ezenziwe ekhaya namadamu okuhlanza zivamile.
Ukwengezwa kwe-chromium engu-10.5% noma ngaphezulu yikho okunikeza insimbi engagqwali izindawo zayo ezingenasici.Ukugcina lezi zakhiwo kudinga indlela enhle ekukhetheni igesi evikelayo yokushisela nokuvikela ingemuva le-joint.Insimbi engagqwali iyabiza, futhi kunezizathu ezinhle zokuyisebenzisa.Asikho iphuzu ekuzameni ukusika amakhona uma kuziwa ekugcwaliseni le nsimbi noma i-gas yensimbi esebenza ngayo, ngakho-ke ukukhetha insimbi kuyayigcwalisa ngensimbi. umsabalalisi wegesi onolwazi kanye nochwepheshe bensimbi yokugcwalisa lapho ekhetha igesi kanye nensimbi yokugcwalisa yokushisela insimbi engagqwali.
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