Ko te whakarewa i te maitai kore waikura me whiriwhiri te hau tiaki kia mau tonu ai tōna hanganga whakarewa me ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-pūkaha hoki. Ko ngā huānga hau tiaki noa mō te maitai kore waikura ko te argon, te herium, te hāora, te hauhā waro, te hauota, me te hauwai (tirohia te Pikitia 1). Ka whakakotahihia ēnei hau i roto i ngā ōwehenga rerekē hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā momo tuku rerekē, ngā momo waea, ngā koranu turanga, te kōtaha pītiti e hiahiatia ana me te tere haere.
Nā te ngoikore o te kawe wera o te maitai kore waikura, me te āhua "mātao" o te whakarewa pewa hau whakawhiti-poto (GMAW), me whai hau "toru-ranunga" te tukanga, kei roto ko te 85% ki te 90% te hēriuma (He), tae atu ki te 10% te Ākona (Ar) me te 2% ki te 5% te Hauhā Waro (CO2). Kei roto i te ranunga triblend noa te 90% He, 7-1/2% Ar, me te 2-1/2% CO2. Ko te kaha nui o te ionization o te hēriuma ka whakatairanga i te pewa i muri i te ara poto; me tōna kawe wera nui, ka whakanui ake te whakamahinga o te He i te rere o te puna rewa. Ka whakaratohia e te wāhanga Ar o Trimix he parenga whānui o te puna whakarewa, ko te CO2 he wāhanga tauhohe hei whakau i te pewa (tirohia te Pikitia 2 mō te pānga o ngā hau parenga rerekē ki te kōtaha o ngā pīrere whakarewa).
Ka whakamahia pea e ētahi ranunga toru te hāora hei whakau, ko ētahi ia ka whakamahia he ranunga He/CO2/N2 hei whakatutuki i te hua ōrite. He ranunga hau motuhake ā ētahi kaituku hau e whakarato ana i ngā painga i oatitia. Ka tūtohu hoki ngā kaihokohoko i ēnei ranunga mō ētahi atu momo tuku me te hua ōrite.
Ko te hapa nui rawa atu a ngā kaihanga ko te ngana ki te whakapoto i te maitai kore waikura GMAW me te ranunga hau kotahi (75 Ar/25 CO2) ki te maitai ngawari, nā te mea kāore rātou e hiahia ki te whakahaere i tētahi rango tāpiri. He nui rawa te waro kei roto i tēnei ranunga. Inaa, ko te hau tiaki e whakamahia ana mō te waea totoka me whai i te 5% te hauhā waro mōrahi. Mā te whakamahi i ngā rahinga nui ake ka hua ake he mahi whakarewa kāore e kiia he koranu taumata-L (he iti iho i te 0.03% te ihirangi waro taumata-L). Ka taea e te waro nui rawa i roto i te hau tiaki te hanga i ngā waro chromium, ka whakaiti i te ātete waikura me ngā āhuatanga miihini. Ka puta hoki te pungarehu ki te mata whakarewa.
Hei tāpiritanga, i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā konganuku hei whakapoto i te GMAW mō ngā koranu turanga raupapa 300 (308, 309, 316, 347), me whiriwhiri e ngā kaihanga te momo LSi. He iti te ihirangi waro o ngā whakakī LSi (0.02%), nō reira e tino taunakihia ana ina he tūponotanga o te waikura intergranular. Mā te ihirangi silicon teitei ake ka whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga whakarewa, pērā i te mākū, hei āwhina i te whakawhāiti i te karauna o te whakarewa me te whakatairanga i te hanumi i te matimati.
Me tūpato ngā kaihanga i te wā e whakamahi ana i ngā tukanga whakawhiti ara-poto. Tērā pea ka puta he hanumitanga kore-oti nā te tinei pewa, ka iti iho te pai o te tukanga mō ngā tono nui. I ngā āhuatanga nui o te rahinga, ki te taea e te rauemi te tautoko i tana whakaurunga wera (≥ 1/16 inihi te rauemi angiangi rawa i whakarewahia mā te whakamahi i te aratau rehu pao), he pai ake te whiriwhiri i te whakawhiti rehu pao. Ki te tautokona e te matotoru o te rauemi me te wāhi whakarewa, he pai ake te whakawhiti rehu GMAW nā te mea he hononga pumau ake.
Kāore e hiahiatia he hau ārai He mō ēnei momo whakawhiti wera teitei. Mō te whakarewa whakawhiti rehu o ngā koranu raupapa 300, ko te kōwhiringa noa ko te 98% Ar me te 2% ngā huānga tauhohe pēnei i te CO2, te O2 rānei. Tērā pea he iti noa te N2 kei roto i ētahi ranunga hau. He nui ake te kaha ionization me te kawe wera o te N2, e whakatairanga ana i te mākū me te tere haere, e pai ake ai te uruhanga; ka whakaitihia hoki te whakapōturi.
Mō te whakawhiti rehu pāorooro GMAW, he pai pea te whakamahi i te 100% Ar. Nā te mea ka whakau te ia pāorooro i te pewa, kāore e hiahiatia ana e te hau ngā huānga hohe i ngā wā katoa.
He puhoi ake te puna rewa mō ngā maitai kore waikura ferritic me ngā maitai kore waikura takirua (50/50 te ōwehenga o te ferrite ki te austenite). Mō ēnei koranu, ka pai ake te makuku o te ranunga hau pēnei i te ~70% Ar/~30% He/2% CO2, ā, ka tere ake te haere (tirohia te Pikitia 3). Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā ranunga rite ki te whakarewa i ngā koranu nikara, engari ka puta he waikura nikara ki te mata whakarewa (hei tauira, mā te tāpiri i te 2% CO2, O2 rānei, ka nui hei whakanui ake i te nui o te waikura, nō reira me karo ngā kaihanga i ēnei, me noho rite rānei ki te whakapau i te wā roa ki runga). He mea whakakoi nā te mea he tino pakeke ēnei waikura, kāore e taea te tango e te paraihe waea).
Ka whakamahia e ngā kaihanga ngā waea kowiri tira he hau-rere mō te whakarewa i waho o te tūnga nā te mea ko te pūnaha para i roto i ēnei waea he "papa" e tautoko ana i te puna whakarewa i a ia e totoka ana. Nā te mea ka whakaitihia e te hanganga rere ngā pānga o te CO2, kua hangaia te waea kowiri tira he hau-rere mō te whakamahi me te 75% Ar/25% CO2 me/ranei 100% CO2 ngā ranunga hau. Ahakoa he nui ake te utu mō ia pauna o te waea he hau-rere, he mea tika kia mōhio ko te tere whakarewa teitei ake i ngā tūranga katoa me ngā tere whakatakotoranga ka whakaiti i ngā utu whakarewa whānui. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia e te waea he hau-rere he putanga DC ngaohiko pumau tuku iho, ka iti ake te utu me te uaua o te pūnaha whakarewa taketake i ngā pūnaha GMAW paoro.
Mō ngā koranu raupapa 300 me te 400, ko te 100% Ar tonu te whiringa paerewa mō te whakarewanga pewa hau tungsten (GTAW). I te wā o te GTAW o ētahi koranu nikara, inā koa me ngā tukanga miihini, ka tāpirihia pea he iti noa te hauwai (tae atu ki te 5%) hei whakanui ake i te tere haere (kia mōhio koe, he rerekē ki ngā maitai waro, kāore ngā koranu nikara e ngawari ki te pakaru hauwai).
Mō te whakarewa i ngā maitai kore waikura superduplex me superduplex, he kōwhiringa pai te 98% Ar/2% N2 me te 98% Ar/3% N2. Ka taea hoki te tāpiri i te heriuma hei whakapai ake i te makuku mā te 30%. Ina whakarewahia ngā maitai kore waikura super duplex, super duplex rānei, ko te whāinga he whakaputa i tētahi hononga me te hanganga moroiti taurite o te 50% ferrite me te 50% austenite. Nā te mea ko te hanganga o te hanganga moroiti e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tere whakamatao, ā, nā te mea ka tere te whakamatao o te puna whakarewa TIG, ka toe tonu te ferrite taikaha ina whakamahia te 100% Ar. Ina whakamahia he ranunga hau kei roto ko te N2, ka uru te N2 ki roto i te puna rewa ka whakatairanga i te hanganga austenite.
Me tiaki e te kowiri tira ngā taha e rua o te hononga kia puta ai he hononga whakarewa kua oti te hanga me te ātete nui ki te waikura. Ki te kore e tiakina te taha o muri, ka hua ake te "whakapūkara", te waikura nui rānei ka arahi ki te pakaru o te tūhono.
Ahakoa he pai tonu te taunga o ngā hononga pūmau, he pai tonu te noho, he pai rānei te pupuri i te tuara o te hononga, kāore pea e hiahiatia he hau tautoko. I konei, ko te take matua ko te ārai i te tae kino rawa atu o te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera nā te hanga waikura, ā, me tango ā-ringa. I roto i te tikanga hangarau, ki te neke atu te pāmahana o muri i te 500 nekehanga Fahrenheit, me whakamahi he hau tiaki. Heoi, ko te huarahi matawhānui ake ko te whakamahi i te 300 nekehanga Fahrenheit hei paepae. Ko te mea pai, me iti iho te pāmahana o te tuara i te 30 PPM O2. Ko te mea motuhake mēnā ka keria, ka hurihia, ka whakarewahia te tuara o te whakarewa kia tutuki ai te whakarewa uru katoa.
Ko ngā hau tautoko e rua e pai ana te whiriwhiri ko te N2 (te iti rawa te utu) me te Ar (te utu nui ake). Mō ngā huihuinga iti, mō ngā puna Ar rānei e wātea ana, he pai ake pea te whakamahi i tēnei hau, ā, kāore e tika ana te penapena N2. Ka taea te tāpiri i te hauwai tae atu ki te 5% hei whakaiti i te waikura. He maha ngā kōwhiringa arumoni e wātea ana, engari he mea noa ngā tautoko me ngā pā horoi i hangaia i te kāinga.
Ko te tāpiri o te 10.5%, neke atu rānei o te chromium, te mea e hoatu ana ki te maitai kore waikura ōna āhuatanga kore waikura. Ko te pupuri i ēnei āhuatanga me whai tikanga pai ki te whiriwhiri i te hau tiaki whakarewa tika me te tiaki i te taha o muri o te hononga. He utu nui te maitai kore waikura, ā, he take pai hei whakamahi. Kāore he painga o te ngana ki te tapahi i ngā kokonga ina tae mai ki te tiaki hau, ki te whiriwhiri rānei i ngā konganuku whakakī mō tēnei. Nō reira, he mea tika tonu te mahi tahi me tētahi kaituku hau mātau me tētahi tohunga whakarewa whakakī ina whiriwhiria he hau me te konganuku whakakī mō te whakarewa maitai kore waikura.
Kia mau tonu ki ngā purongo hou, ngā kaupapa me ngā hangarau mō ngā konganuku katoa mai i ā mātou pānui ā-marama e rua kua tuhia motuhaketia mō ngā kaihanga o Kanata!
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