I-Welding steel stainless steel idinga ukukhethwa kwegesi yokukhusela ukugcina ukubunjwa kwayo kwesinyithi kunye neempawu ezihambelanayo zomzimba kunye noomatshini. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zegesi zokukhusela igesi yensimbi engenasici ziquka i-argon, i-helium, i-oksijini, i-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen, kunye ne-hydrogen (jonga umfanekiso 1) .
Ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle kwe-thermal conductivity yensimbi engenasici kunye nemeko "ebandayo" yokudluliselwa kwegesi ye-arc welding ye-short-circuit (GMAW), inkqubo ifuna "i-tri-mix" yegesi equkethe i-85% ukuya kwi-90% ye-helium (He), ukuya kwi-10% yeArgon (Ar) kunye ne-2% ukuya kwi-5% ye-CO2 umxube we-Carbon Dioxide). I-7-1 / 2% ye-Ar, kunye ne-2-1 / 2% CO2.Ikhono eliphezulu le-ionization ye-helium ikhuthaza i-arcing emva kwesiphaluka esifutshane; idityaniswe ne-conductivity yayo ephezulu ye-thermal, ukusetyenziswa Ukwandisa i-fluidity ye-pool etyhidiweyo.I-Ar component ye-Trimix ibonelela ngokukhusela ngokubanzi kwi-puddle weld, ngelixa i-CO2 isebenza njengecandelo elisebenzayo lokuzinzisa i-arc (jonga i-Figure 2 malunga nendlela iigesi ezikhuselayo ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ngayo iprofayili ye-weld bead).
Eminye imixube ye-ternary ingasebenzisa i-oksijini njenge-stabilizer, ngelixa abanye basebenzisa umxube we-He / CO2 / N2 ukufezekisa umphumo ofanayo.Abanye abasabalalisi begesi banemibhobho yegesi eyi-proprietary enika inzuzo ethenjisiweyo.Abathengisi baphinda bancome ezi zixube kwezinye iindlela zokuhambisa kunye nomphumo ofanayo.
Eyona mpazamo inkulu abavelisi benza kuzama i-short-circuit GMAW steel stainless kunye nomxube wegesi efanayo (75 Ar / 25 CO2) njengentsimbi ethambileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuba abafuni ukulawula i-cylinder eyongezelelweyo. Lo mxube uqulethe i-carbon eninzi kakhulu. Enyanisweni, nayiphi na igesi ekhuselayo esetyenziselwa ucingo oluqinileyo kufuneka iqulethe ubuninzi be-5% carbon dioxide. (I-L-grade inomxholo wekhabhoni ongaphantsi kwe-0.03%).Ikhabhoni engaphezulu kwi-gas ekhuselayo ingenza i-chromium carbides, eyanciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-corrosion kunye neempawu zomatshini.I-Soot ingaphinda ibonakale kwi-weld surface.
Njengenqaku elisecaleni, xa ukhetha iintsimbi zokunciphisa i-GMAW kwi-300 series alloys baseal (308, 309, 316, 347), abavelisi kufuneka bakhethe i-LSi grade.LSi fillers inomxholo ophantsi wekhabhoni (0.02%) kwaye ngoko ke iyacetyiswa ngakumbi xa kukho umngcipheko we-corrosion ye-intergranular. weld kwaye ukhuthaze ukudibanisa kwizwane.
Abavelisi kufuneka balumke xa besebenzisa iinkqubo zokudlulisa i-short-circuit.I-fusion engaphelelanga inokubangela ngenxa yokucima i-arc, okwenza inkqubo iphantsi kwezicelo ezibalulekileyo.Kwiimeko zomthamo ophezulu, ukuba izinto ziyakwazi ukuxhasa igalelo layo lobushushu (≥ 1/16 intshi malunga neyona nto i-thinnest i-welded usebenzisa imodi yokutshiza i-pulse), ibe yinkqubo ye-pulse kunye ne-spray ye-spray engcono, i-material yokuxhasa i-spray iyakutshintshela. I-GMAW ikhethwa njengoko ibonelela ngokudityaniswa okungaguqukiyo.
Ezi ndlela zokudlulisa ubushushu obuphezulu azifuni Ukukhusela i-gas.Ukwenzela i-welding ye-spray transfer of 300 series alloys, ukhetho oluqhelekileyo yi-98% Ar kunye ne-2% yezinto ezisebenzayo ezifana ne-CO2 okanye i-O2.Eminye imixube yegesi inokuthi iqulethe ixabiso elincinci le-N2.N2 inamandla aphezulu e-ionization kunye ne-thermal conductivity, ekhuthaza ukumanzisa kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza; kwakhona kunciphisa ukugqwetheka.
Ukudluliselwa kwe-pulsed spray GMAW, i-100% Ar ingaba yinto eyamkelekileyo.
I-pool etyhidiweyo iyacotha kwi-ferritic stainless steels kunye ne-duplex stainless steels (50/50 ratio ye-ferrite ukuya kwi-austenite) .Kula ma-alloys, umxube wegesi onjenge ~ 70% Ar / ~ 30% He / 2% CO2 iya kukhuthaza ukumanzisa okungcono kunye nokwandisa isantya sokuhamba (jonga umfanekiso 3) . ifom kwi-weld surface (umzekelo, ukongeza i-2% CO2 okanye i-O2 yanele ukunyusa umxholo we-oxide, ngoko ke abavelisi kufuneka baphephe okanye balungele ukuchitha ixesha elininzi kubo). I-Abrasive ngenxa yokuba ezi oxides ziqinile kangangokuba ibrashi yocingo idla ngokungazisusi).
Abavelisi basebenzisa iingcingo zensimbi ezingenasici ze-flux-cored kwi-welding ye-out-of-situ ngenxa yokuba inkqubo ye-slag kule micingo inika "ishelufu" exhasa i-weld pool njengoko iqinisa.Ngenxa yokuba ukubunjwa kwe-flux kunciphisa imiphumo ye-CO2, i-flux-cored stainless steel wire yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kunye ne-75% ye-CO2% ye-CO2% kunye ne-2W% yomxube we-CO2 okanye i-2W% I-flux-cored wire inokubiza ngaphezulu kweponti nganye, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba isantya esiphezulu se-welding-position kunye namazinga okubeka kunokunciphisa iindleko ze-welding jikelele.Ukongezelela, ucingo lwe-flux-cored wire lusebenzisa i-voltage ye-DC yesiqhelo ephumayo, okwenza inkqubo ye-welding esisiseko ingabizi kwaye ingabinzima kakhulu kune-pulsed systems ye-GMAW.
Kwii-alloys ze-300 kunye ne-400 ze-series, i-100% i-Ar ihlala iyindlela eqhelekileyo yokukhetha i-gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) .Ngexesha le-GTAW yezinye ii-alloys ze-nickel, ngokukodwa ngeenkqubo ezixutywe ngoomatshini, amanani amancinci e-hydrogen (ukuya kwi-5%) anokongezwa ukunyusa isantya sokuhamba (qaphela ukuba ngokungafaniyo ne-carbon steels, i-nickel alloys ye-hydrogen ayinakuqhekeka).
I-welding superduplex kunye ne-superduplex steels stainless, i-98% Ar / 2% N2 kunye ne-98% Ar / 3% N2 zikhetho ezilungileyo, ngokulandelanayo.I-Helium inokongezwa kwakhona ukuphucula ukumanzisa malunga ne-30%.Xa i-welding super duplex okanye i-super duplex stainless steels, injongo kukuvelisa i-joint of a balanced of a balanced 0% kunye ne-50% ye-microstructure elinganayo kunye ne-50% austenite.Ngenxa yokuba ukubunjwa kwe-microstructure kuxhomekeke kwisantya sokupholisa, kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-TIG weld pool ipholile ngokukhawuleza, i-ferrite engaphezulu ihlala xa i-100% Ar isetyenzisiweyo.Xa umxube wegesi oqukethe i-N2 isetyenzisiweyo, i-N2 igxotha kwi-pool etyhidiweyo kwaye ikhuthaza ukubunjwa kwe-austenite.
Insimbi engenasici idinga ukukhusela omabini amacala okudibanisa ukuvelisa i-weld egqityiweyo kunye ne-corrosion resistance.
Izixhobo ze-butt eziqinileyo ezinomgangatho obalaseleyo okanye isithintelo esiqinileyo ngasemva kwesifakelo sinokungadingi inkxaso yegesi. Apha, umba ophambili kukuthintela ukuguquguquka okugqithisileyo kwendawo echaphazeleke bubushushu ngenxa yokwakhiwa kweoksidi, nto leyo efuna ukususwa ngoomatshini. I-300 degrees Fahrenheit njenge-threshold. Ngokufanelekileyo, ukuxhaswa kufuneka kube ngaphantsi kwe-30 PPM O2. Ngaphandle kokuba umva we-weld uya kugotywa, uphantsi kwaye udityaniswe ukuphumeza i-weld yokungena ngokupheleleyo.
Iigesi ezimbini ezixhasayo ezikhethiweyo zi-N2 (ixabiso eliphantsi) kunye ne-Ar (ixabiso elingaphezulu) .Kwiindibano ezincinci okanye xa imithombo ye-Ar ifumaneka ngokulula, ingaba lula ngakumbi ukusebenzisa le gesi kwaye ingafanelanga ukugcinwa kwe-N2. Ukuya kwi-5% ye-hydrogen inokongezwa ukunciphisa i-oxidation.Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeendlela zorhwebo zikhoyo, kodwa inkxaso eyenziwe ekhaya kunye namadama okucoca aqhelekileyo.
Ukongezwa kwe-10.5% okanye ngaphezulu kwe-chromium yinto enika insimbi engenasici.Ukugcina ezi zakhiwo kufuna ubuchule obuhle ekukhetheni igesi echanekileyo yokukhusela i-welding kunye nokukhusela i-backside ye-joint.Stainless steel zibiza kakhulu, kwaye kukho izizathu ezilungileyo zokuyisebenzisa.Akukho ngongoma ekuzameni ukusika iikona xa kuziwa kulo msebenzi we-shielding okanye i-gas ye-shielding isoloko isenza i-shielding. umthengisi wegesi onolwazi kunye neengcali zetsimbi yokuzalisa xa ukhetha igesi kunye nentsimbi yokuzalisa i-welding steel stainless.
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