Kuwotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kumafuna kusankha kwa mpweya wotchinga kuti ukhalebe ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi zitsulo komanso zogwirizana ndi thupi ndi makina. Zinthu zodziwika bwino zotetezera mpweya wazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zikuphatikizapo argon, helium, mpweya, mpweya woipa, nayitrogeni, ndi haidrojeni (onani Chithunzi 1) .
Chifukwa madutsidwe osauka matenthedwe zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi ndi "ozizira" chikhalidwe cha yochepa dera kutengerapo mpweya zitsulo arc kuwotcherera (GMAW), ndondomeko amafuna "Tri-kusakaniza" mpweya wopangidwa ndi 85% mpaka 90% helium (Iye), mpaka 10 % Argon (Ar) ndi 2% mpaka 5% CO2 osakaniza Mpweya wa carbon dioxide, 9% ya carbon dioxide. 7-1 / 2% Ar, ndi 2-1 / 2% CO2. Mphamvu yapamwamba ya ionization ya helium imalimbikitsa arcing pambuyo pafupi; kuphatikizika ndi matenthedwe ake apamwamba, kugwiritsa ntchito Iye kumawonjezera kusungunuka kwa dziwe losungunuka.Chigawo cha Ar cha Trimix chimapereka chitetezo chokwanira cha weld chithaphwi, pamene CO2 imakhala ngati chigawo chokhazikika kuti chikhazikitse arc (onani Chithunzi 2 cha momwe mpweya wotetezera wosiyana umakhudzira mbiri ya weld bead).
Zosakaniza zina za ternary zingagwiritse ntchito mpweya monga stabilizer, pamene ena amagwiritsa ntchito He / CO2 / N2 osakaniza kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zomwezo.Ogasi ena a gasi ali ndi gasi omwe ali ndi gasi omwe amapereka phindu lolonjezedwa.
Cholakwika chachikulu chomwe opanga amapanga ndikuyesa kufupikitsa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za GMAW ndi kusakaniza kwa gasi (75 Ar / 25 CO2) ngati chitsulo chofewa, nthawi zambiri chifukwa safuna kuwongolera silinda. (L-grade ili ndi carbon content pansi pa 0.03%). Mpweya wochuluka mu mpweya wotetezera ukhoza kupanga chromium carbides, zomwe zimachepetsa kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi makina opanga makina.
Monga mbali cholemba, posankha zitsulo kwa shorting GMAW kwa 300 mndandanda maziko aloyi (308, 309, 316, 347), opanga ayenera kusankha LSi kalasi.LSi fillers ndi otsika mpweya okhutira (0.02%) choncho makamaka analimbikitsa pamene pali chiopsezo intergranular dzimbiri. weld ndi kulimbikitsa fusion pa chala.
Opanga ayenera kusamala akamagwiritsa ntchito njira zazifupi zosinthira. Kuphatikizika kosakwanira kungayambitse chifukwa cha kuzimitsa kwa arc, kupangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yocheperako pamapulogalamu ovuta kwambiri. Pamalo okwera kwambiri, ngati zinthuzo zimatha kuthandizira kutentha kwake (≥ 1/16 inchi ndi pafupifupi zinthu thinnest welded pogwiritsa ntchito pulse spray mode), kukhala ndi pulse kutsitsi ndi kusamutsa malo opopera. GMAW imakondedwa chifukwa imapereka kuphatikizika kosasintha.
Kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kumeneku sikufuna kuti Iye ateteze gasi.Pakuti kuwotcherera kutsitsi kwa 300 mndandanda wa aloyi, chisankho chofala ndi 98% Ar ndi 2% zotakataka monga CO2 kapena O2.Zosakaniza zina za gasi zingakhalenso ndi zochepa za N2.N2 zimakhala ndi ionization yapamwamba kwambiri komanso matenthedwe matenthedwe, omwe amalimbikitsa kunyowa ndi kupititsa patsogolo kuyenda; kumachepetsanso kupotoza.
Kwa pulsed spray transfer GMAW, 100% Ar ikhoza kukhala chisankho chovomerezeka.Chifukwa chakuti pulsed panopa imakhazikika pa arc, mpweya sumafuna zinthu zogwira ntchito nthawi zonse.
Dziwe losungunuka ndilochedwa kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za ferritic ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri (50/50 chiŵerengero cha ferrite ku austenite) .Kwa ma alloys awa, kusakaniza kwa gasi monga ~ 70% Ar / ~ 30% He / 2% CO2 idzalimbikitsa kunyowa bwino ndikuwonjezera liwiro la ulendo (onani Chithunzi 3) . mawonekedwe pamtunda wowotcherera (mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera 2% CO2 kapena O2 ndikokwanira kuonjezera oxide okhutira, kotero opanga ayenera kupewa kapena kukhala okonzeka kuthera nthawi yambiri pa iwo). Abrasive chifukwa ma oxides awa ndi olimba kwambiri kotero kuti burashi yamawaya nthawi zambiri sangawachotse).
Opanga amagwiritsa ntchito mawaya achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuti azitha kuwotcherera kunja chifukwa makina a slag mu mawayawa amapereka "shelufu" yomwe imathandizira dziwe la weld pamene likulimba.Chifukwa chakuti mawonekedwe a flux amachepetsa zotsatira za CO2, waya wachitsulo wosapanga dzimbiri wapangidwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito ndi 75% CO2% CO2 % / 2W osakaniza CO2 % / 2W% CO2 osakaniza. Flux-cored waya ingathe kuwononga ndalama zambiri pa paundi, ndizofunika kudziwa kuti kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa malo onse ndi kuyika kwazitsulo kungachepetse ndalama zowotcherera.Kuonjezera apo, waya wopangidwa ndi flux-cored amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochiritsira ochiritsira a DC, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndondomeko yowotcherera ikhale yotsika mtengo komanso yocheperapo kusiyana ndi machitidwe a pulsed GMAW.
Pa 300 ndi 400 mndandanda wa aloyi, 100% Ar amakhalabe muyezo kusankha kwa mpweya tungsten arc kuwotcherera (GTAW) .Panthawi ya GTAW ena faifi tambala aloyi, makamaka ndi njira umakaniko, pang'ono wa haidrojeni (mpaka 5%) akhoza kuonjezedwa kuonjezera kuyenda liwiro (zindikirani kuti mosiyana ndi zitsulo carbon, faifi tambala aloyi aloyi si cracking).
Pakuti kuwotcherera superduplex ndi superduplex zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, 98% Ar/2% N2 ndi 98% Ar/3% N2 ndi zisankho zabwino, motero.Helium angathenso kuwonjezeredwa kusintha wettability ndi za 30%.Pakuwotcherera super duplex kapena super duplex zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, cholinga chake ndi kupanga olowa ndi pafupifupi 50% ferriture pafupifupi 50% ferriture ndi microstructure 50%. austenite.Chifukwa chakuti mapangidwe a microstructure amadalira kutentha kwa kuzizira, ndipo chifukwa dziwe la weld la TIG limazizira mofulumira, ferrite yowonjezera imakhalabe pamene 100% Ar imagwiritsidwa ntchito.Pamene kusakaniza kwa gasi komwe kuli N2 kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, N2 imayambitsa dziwe losungunuka ndikulimbikitsa mapangidwe a austenite.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chiyenera kuteteza mbali zonse za mgwirizano kuti apange weld yomalizidwa ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri.Kulephera kuteteza kumbuyo kungayambitse "saccharification," kapena oxidation yambiri yomwe ingayambitse kulephera kwa solder.
Zomangamanga zolimba za matako zomwe zimakhala zolimba kwambiri kapena zotchinga kumbuyo kwa cholumikiziracho sizingafune gasi wothandizira. Apa, vuto lalikulu ndikuletsa kusinthika kwakukulu kwa malo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha chifukwa cha kupangika kwa oxide, komwe kumafunikira kuchotsedwa kwa makina. Madigiri 300 Fahrenheit monga khomo.Choyenera, chothandiziracho chiyenera kukhala pansi pa 30 PPM O2. Chosiyana ndi ngati kumbuyo kwa weld kudzagwedezeka, pansi ndi kutenthedwa kuti akwaniritse weld kulowa mkati.
Mipweya iwiri yothandizira yosankhidwa ndi N2 (yotsika mtengo kwambiri) ndi Ar (yokwera mtengo kwambiri) .Kwa misonkhano yaying'ono kapena pamene magwero a Ar akupezeka mosavuta, zingakhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya umenewu komanso osayenerera kusungirako kwa N2. Kufikira 5% hydrogen akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti achepetse oxidation. Zosankha zosiyanasiyana zamalonda zilipo, koma zothandizira zopanga kunyumba ndi madamu oyeretsa ndizofala.
Kuwonjezera kwa 10.5% kapena kupitirira kwa chromium ndizomwe zimapereka zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Kusunga zinthuzi kumafuna njira yabwino posankha mpweya wotchinga wotchinga ndi kuteteza kumbuyo kwa olowa.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi okwera mtengo, ndipo pali zifukwa zomveka zogwiritsira ntchito.Palibe chifukwa choyesera kudula ngodya pamene ikufika pazitsulo kapena kudzaza zitsulo. wodziwa bwino gasi wogawa ndi zitsulo zodzaza zitsulo posankha zitsulo za gasi ndi filler zowotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
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