Kuwotcherera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumafuna kusankha mpweya woteteza kuti ukhalebe ndi kapangidwe kake ka zitsulo komanso mphamvu zake zakuthupi ndi zamakanika. Zinthu zodziwika bwino za mpweya woteteza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi monga argon, helium, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nayitrogeni, ndi haidrojeni (onani Chithunzi 1). Mpweya uwu umaphatikizidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana kuti ugwirizane ndi zosowa za njira zosiyanasiyana zotumizira, mitundu ya waya, ma alloys oyambira, mawonekedwe a bead omwe mukufuna komanso liwiro loyendera.
Chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri komanso mtundu wa "wozizira" wa welding ya gasi yosinthira mafunde afupi (GMAW), njirayi imafuna mpweya wa "tri-mix" wokhala ndi 85% mpaka 90% helium (He), mpaka 10% Argon (Ar) ndi 2% mpaka 5% Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Chosakaniza chodziwika bwino cha triblend chili ndi 90% He, 7-1/2% Ar, ndi 2-1/2% CO2. Mphamvu yayikulu ya ionization ya helium imalimbikitsa arcing pambuyo pa short circuit; kuphatikiza ndi kutentha kwake kwakukulu, kugwiritsa ntchito He kumawonjezera kusuntha kwa dziwe losungunuka. Gawo la Ar la Trimix limapereka chitetezo chathunthu cha dziwe la weld, pomwe CO2 imagwira ntchito ngati gawo lothandizira kukhazikika kwa arc (onani Chithunzi 2 kuti mudziwe momwe mpweya wosiyana wotetezera umakhudzira mbiri ya weld bead).
Zosakaniza zina za ternary zingagwiritse ntchito mpweya ngati chokhazikika, pomwe zina zimagwiritsa ntchito chosakaniza cha He/CO2/N2 kuti zikwaniritse zotsatira zomwezo. Ena ogulitsa gasi ali ndi zosakaniza za gasi zomwe zimapereka zabwino zomwe zalonjezedwa. Ogulitsa amalimbikitsanso zosakaniza izi panjira zina zotumizira zomwe zili ndi zotsatira zomwezo.
Cholakwika chachikulu chomwe opanga amapanga ndikuyesera kufupikitsa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha GMAW ndi mpweya womwewo (75 Ar/25 CO2) ndi chitsulo chofewa, nthawi zambiri chifukwa sakufuna kuyendetsa silinda yowonjezera. Chosakanizachi chimakhala ndi kaboni wochuluka. Ndipotu, mpweya uliwonse woteteza womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa waya wolimba uyenera kukhala ndi kaboni wochuluka wa 5%. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti zitsulo zisawonedwenso ngati L-grade alloy (L-grade ili ndi kaboni wochepera 0.03%). Mpweya wochuluka mu mpweya woteteza ukhoza kupanga chromium carbides, zomwe zimachepetsa kukana dzimbiri ndi mphamvu zamakina. Utsi ukhozanso kuwonekera pamwamba pa weld.
Monga chowonjezera, posankha zitsulo zochepetsera GMAW za 300 series base alloys (308, 309, 316, 347), opanga ayenera kusankha mtundu wa LSi. Zodzaza za LSi zimakhala ndi mpweya wochepa (0.02%) ndipo motero zimalimbikitsidwa makamaka ngati pali chiopsezo cha dzimbiri pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kuchuluka kwa silicon kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zosungunulira zikhale bwino, monga kunyowetsa, kuti zithandize kufewetsa korona wa weld ndikulimbikitsa kusakanikirana kwa chala.
Opanga ayenera kusamala akamagwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthira zamagetsi zazifupi. Kusakanikirana kosakwanira kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuzimitsa kwa arc, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njirayi ikhale yocheperako pakugwiritsa ntchito kofunikira. Muzochitika zokhala ndi voliyumu yambiri, ngati chinthucho chingathandizire kutentha kwake (≥ 1/16 inchi ndi pafupifupi chinthu chopyapyala kwambiri cholumikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopopera ya pulse), kusamutsa kwa pulse spray kudzakhala chisankho chabwino. Pamene makulidwe a chinthucho ndi malo olumikizirana amathandizira, kusamutsa kwa spray GMAW kumakondedwa chifukwa kumapereka kusakanikirana kokhazikika.
Njira zotumizira kutentha kwambirizi sizifuna mpweya woteteza. Pa kupopera kwa ma alloys 300, njira yodziwika bwino ndi 98% Ar ndi 2% reactive elements monga CO2 kapena O2. Zosakaniza zina za mpweya zingakhalenso ndi N2 yochepa. N2 ili ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya ionization komanso kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti inyowetse komanso imalola kuyenda mwachangu kapena kupititsa patsogolo kulowa kwa mpweya; imachepetsanso kusokonekera.
Pa kupopera kwa GMAW, 100% Ar ikhoza kukhala chisankho chovomerezeka. Chifukwa chakuti mphamvu ya pulsed imakhazikika mu arc, mpweya nthawi zonse sumafuna zinthu zogwira ntchito.
Dziwe losungunuka limachedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za ferritic ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ziwiri (50/50 chiŵerengero cha ferrite ndi austenite). Pa zitsulozi, chisakanizo cha mpweya monga ~70% Ar/~30% He/2% CO2 chidzathandiza kuti madzi azinyowa bwino ndikuwonjezera liwiro loyenda (onani Chithunzi 3). Zosakaniza zofanana zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulumikiza zitsulo za nickel, koma zimapangitsa kuti nickel oxides ipangidwe pamwamba pa zitsulo (monga, kuwonjezera 2% CO2 kapena O2 ndikokwanira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa oxide, kotero opanga ayenera kuzipewa kapena kukhala okonzeka kuthera nthawi yambiri pa izo). Zovuta chifukwa ma oxide awa ndi olimba kwambiri kotero kuti burashi ya waya nthawi zambiri simawachotsa).
Opanga amagwiritsa ntchito mawaya osapanga dzimbiri okhala ndi flux-core polumikiza zinthu kunja kwa malo chifukwa dongosolo la slag lomwe lili mu mawaya awa limapereka "shelufu" yomwe imathandizira dziwe lolumikizira pamene likulimba. Chifukwa kapangidwe ka flux kamachepetsa zotsatira za CO2, waya wosapanga dzimbiri wokhala ndi flux-core wapangidwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito ndi 75% Ar/25% CO2 ndi/kapena 100% CO2 gas mixtures. Ngakhale waya wolumikizana ndi flux-core ungagule zambiri pa paundi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti liwiro lolumikizira malo onse komanso kuchuluka kwa malo olumikizira zinthu kungachepetse ndalama zonse zolumikizira. Kuphatikiza apo, waya wolumikizana ndi flux-core umagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yokhazikika ya DC, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makina olumikizira oyambira akhale otsika mtengo komanso osavata kuposa makina a pulsed GMAW.
Pa ma alloy 300 ndi 400 a mndandanda, 100% Ar ikadali chisankho chokhazikika cha kulumikiza ma arc a tungsten arc (GTAW). Pa GTAW ya ma alloy ena a nickel, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito makina, hydrogen yochepa (mpaka 5%) ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti iwonjezere liwiro loyenda (dziwani kuti mosiyana ndi zitsulo za kaboni, ma alloy a nickel samakhala ndi ming'alu ya hydrogen).
Pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za superduplex ndi superduplex, 98% Ar/2% N2 ndi 98% Ar/3% N2 ndi zosankha zabwino, motsatana. Helium ikhozanso kuwonjezeredwa kuti iwonjezere kunyowa ndi pafupifupi 30%. Mukalumikiza zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za super duplex kapena super duplex, cholinga chake ndikupanga cholumikizira chokhala ndi microstructure yolinganizidwa ya pafupifupi 50% ferrite ndi 50% austenite. Chifukwa kapangidwe ka microstructure kumadalira kuchuluka kozizira, ndipo chifukwa dziwe la TIG weld limazizira mwachangu, ferrite yochulukirapo imatsalira pamene 100% Ar ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wosakaniza wokhala ndi N2, N2 imasakaniza mu dziwe losungunuka ndikulimbikitsa mapangidwe a austenite.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chiyenera kuteteza mbali zonse ziwiri za cholumikizira kuti chipange cholumikizira chomalizidwa bwino chomwe chingathe kukana dzimbiri kwambiri. Kulephera kuteteza kumbuyo kungayambitse "kusakanizidwa," kapena kusungunuka kwakukulu komwe kungayambitse kulephera kwa solder.
Zolumikizira zolimba zomwe zimakhala ndi malo abwino kwambiri kapena zotchingira zolimba kumbuyo kwa cholumikizira sizingafunike mpweya wothandizira. Apa, vuto lalikulu ndikupewa kusintha kwa mtundu wa malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutentha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa okosijeni, komwe kumafuna kuchotsedwa kwamakina. Mwaukadaulo, ngati kutentha kwa kumbuyo kukupitirira madigiri 500 Fahrenheit, mpweya woteteza umafunika. Komabe, njira yosamala kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito madigiri 300 Fahrenheit ngati malire. Mwabwino, kumbuyo kuyenera kukhala pansi pa 30 PPM O2. Kupatula apo ngati kumbuyo kwa cholumikizira kudzabowoledwa, kupukutidwa ndikuwongoleredwa kuti pakhale cholumikizira chokwanira.
Mpweya wothandiza womwe mungasankhe ndi N2 (wotsika mtengo kwambiri) ndi Ar (wokwera mtengo kwambiri). Pazinthu zazing'ono kapena pamene magwero a Ar akupezeka mosavuta, zingakhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya uwu ndipo sizoyenera kusunga N2. Mpaka 5% ya hydrogen ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti muchepetse okosijeni. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zamalonda, koma zothandizira zopangidwa kunyumba ndi madamu oyeretsera ndi zofala.
Kuonjezera 10.5% kapena kuposerapo kwa chromium ndi komwe kumapangitsa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kukhala ndi mphamvu zosapanga dzimbiri. Kusunga zinthuzi kumafuna luso labwino posankha mpweya woyenera wotetezera ku welding ndikuteteza kumbuyo kwa cholumikizira. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chokwera mtengo, ndipo pali zifukwa zomveka zochigwiritsira ntchito. Palibe chifukwa choyesera kudula ngodya pankhani yoteteza mpweya kapena kusankha zitsulo zodzaza. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse zimakhala zomveka kugwira ntchito ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito yogawa gasi komanso katswiri wa zitsulo zodzaza posankha gasi ndi zitsulo zodzaza powelding chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Khalani ndi nkhani zatsopano, zochitika ndi ukadaulo waposachedwa pa zitsulo zonse kuchokera m'makalata athu awiri pamwezi olembedwa okha kwa opanga aku Canada!
Tsopano popeza tili ndi mwayi wopeza kope la digito la Canadian Metalworking, titha kupeza mosavuta zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'makampani athu.
Tsopano popeza tili ndi mwayi wopeza kope la digito la Made in Canada ndi Welding, titha kupeza mosavuta zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'makampani.