Gusudira icyuma kidashonga bisaba guhitamo gazi ikingira kugira ngo igumane imiterere yayo ya metallurgike hamwe n'imiterere ijyanye nayo n'imiterere ya fiziki n'iya mekanike. Ibintu bihuriweho bya gazi ikingira icyuma kidashonga birimo argon, heliyumu, ogisijeni, dioxyde de carbone, azote, na hydrogen (reba Ishusho ya 1). Iyi gazi ihuzwa mu bipimo bitandukanye kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe mu buryo butandukanye bwo gutanga, ubwoko bw'insinga, ibyuma by'ibanze, imiterere y'amasaro wifuza n'umuvuduko w'urugendo.
Bitewe n’uko icyuma kitagira ubushyuhe bwinshi gitwara amashanyarazi kandi kikaba gikonje cyane mu gusudira gaze y’icyuma gitwara amashanyarazi (GMAW), icyo gikorwa gisaba gaze y’ “imvange y’ibice bitatu” igizwe na heliyumu 85% kugeza 90% (He), Argon (Ar) kugeza kuri 10% na Dioxyde de Carbone 2% kugeza 5% (CO2). Uruvange rusanzwe rwa triblend rugizwe na 90% He, 7-1/2% Ar, na 2-1/2% CO2. Ubushobozi bwinshi bwa ionization bwa heliyumu butuma habaho guhindagurika nyuma y’uruziga rugufi; hamwe n’ubushobozi bwayo bwinshi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi, ikoreshwa rya He byongera ubushyuhe bw’ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe. Igice cya Ar cya Trimix gitanga uburinzi rusange bw’ikidendezi, mu gihe CO2 ikora nk'igice gifasha mu gutuza arc (reba Ishusho ya 2 kugira ngo umenye uburyo imyuka itandukanye irinda impanuka ku buso bw’amazi).
Hari uruvange rumwe rushobora gukoresha ogisijeni nk'ikintu gikomeza guhindagurika, mu gihe izindi zikoresha uruvange rwa He/CO2/N2 kugira ngo zigere ku ngaruka imwe. Bamwe mu bakwirakwiza gazi bafite uruvange rwa gazi rutanga inyungu ziteganijwe. Abacuruza gazi banasaba uruvange rw'izi mvange ku bundi buryo bwo kohereza gazi bufite ingaruka imwe.
Ikosa rikomeye abakora imashini bakora ni ukugerageza gukoresha icyuma cya GMAW kidashonga neza gikoresheje uruvange rumwe rwa gaze (75 Ar/25 CO2) nk'icyuma cyoroshye, akenshi kubera ko badashaka gucunga silinda y'inyongera. Uru ruvange rugizwe na karuboni nyinshi cyane. Mu by'ukuri, gaze iyo ari yo yose ikoreshwa mu nsinga ikomeye igomba kuba irimo gaze karuboni 5%. Gukoresha ingano nini bivamo icyuma kitagifatwa nk'icyuma cya L-grade (L-grade ifite karuboni iri munsi ya 0.03%). Karuboni nyinshi muri gaze ikingira ishobora gukora karuboni, bigabanya ubudahangarwa bw'ingese n'imiterere ya mekanike. Umukungugu ushobora no kugaragara ku buso bw'ubushuhe.
Nk'inyongera, iyo uhisemo ibyuma byo gukata GMAW ku mashini zikoreshwa mu gukata 300 series base alloys (308, 309, 316, 347), abakora ibikoresho bagomba guhitamo LSi grade. Ibikoresho byo gukaranga LSi bifite ingano nto ya karuboni (0.02%), bityo bikaba ari byiza cyane iyo hari ibyago byo kwangirika hagati y'uduce duto. Silicon nyinshi irushaho kunoza imiterere yo gukaranga, nko gutosesha, kugira ngo bifashe kugorora umutwe w'icyuma no guteza imbere ihuriro ry'amano.
Abakora bagomba kwitonda iyo bakoresha inzira zo kohereza ibintu mu buryo bwa "short-circuit". Guhuza ibintu mu buryo butuzuye bishobora guterwa no kuzimya arc, bigatuma inzira idakoreshwa neza. Mu bihe by'ubwinshi bw'ibintu, niba ibikoresho bishobora gushyigikira ubushyuhe bwabyo (≥ 1/16 santimetero ni hafi y'ibikoresho byoroshye cyane byashongeshejwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kohereza ibintu mu buryo bwa "pulse spray"), kohereza ibintu mu buryo bwa "pulse spray" bizaba amahitamo meza. Aho ubugari bw'ibikoresho n'aho biherereye bishyigikira, kohereza ibintu mu buryo bwa "spray GMAW" ni byo byiza kuko bitanga uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu mu buryo buhoraho.
Ubu buryo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bwinshi ntibusaba umwuka wo kurinda. Ku bijyanye no gusudira spray ya alloys 300, amahitamo asanzwe ni 98% Ar na 2% reactive elements nka CO2 cyangwa O2. Imvange imwe na imwe ya gaze ishobora kuba irimo N2 nke. N2 ifite ubushobozi bwo kuyishyiramo cyane kandi ikagira ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe, bigatuma amazi arushaho kunyuramo kandi bigatuma ingendo zihuta cyangwa zirushaho kuba nziza; binagabanya uburyo bwo kugoreka.
Ku bijyanye no kohereza spray GMAW, 100% Ar ishobora kuba amahitamo meza. Kubera ko pulsed current ikomeza arc, gaze ntihora isaba ibintu bikora.
Ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe kigenda buhoro ku byuma bitagira feri na duplex stainless steels (50/50 ratio ya ferrite na austenite). Kuri izi alloys, uruvange rwa gaze nka ~70% Ar/~30% He/2% CO2 ruzafasha mu kunoza amazi no kongera umuvuduko w'urugendo (reba Ishusho ya 3). Uruvange nk'urwo rushobora gukoreshwa mu gusudira alloys za nickel, ariko ruzatuma oxyde za nickel zigira ku buso bwo gusudira (urugero, kongeramo 2% CO2 cyangwa O2 birahagije kugira ngo wongere ingano ya oxyde, bityo abakora bagomba kubyirinda cyangwa bakitegura kubikora igihe kinini). Biteye ubwoba kuko izi oxyde ziba zikomeye cyane ku buryo ubusanzwe brush y'insinga idashobora kuzikuraho).
Abakora insinga bakoresha insinga z'icyuma zitagira umugozi zikoreshwa mu gusudira hanze y'aho zikorera kuko sisitemu y'ubushyuhe muri izi nsinga itanga "agasanduku" gashyigikira ikidendezi cyo gusudira uko gikomera. Kubera ko imiterere y'ubushyuhe igabanya ingaruka za CO2, insinga z'icyuma zitagira umugozi zikoreshwa mu gusukamo gaze ya 75% Ar/25% CO2 na/cyangwa 100% CO2. Nubwo insinga zikoreshwa mu gusukamo gaze zishobora kugurwa amafaranga menshi kuri buri garama, ni ngombwa kumenya ko umuvuduko mwinshi wo gusudira ahantu hose hamwe n'igipimo cyo gushyiramo bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gusudira muri rusange. Byongeye kandi, insinga zikoreshwa mu gusukamo gaze zikoresha voltage isanzwe ya DC, bigatuma sisitemu y'ibanze yo gusudira idahenze kandi idagoye kurusha sisitemu za GMAW zikoreshwa mu gusukamo gaze.
Ku byuma 300 na 400 by'uruhererekane rw'ibyuma, 100% Ar iracyari amahitamo asanzwe yo gusudira arc ya tungsten (GTAW). Mu gihe cya GTAW cy'ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bya nikeli, cyane cyane hamwe n'imikorere ya mashini, ingano nto ya hydrogen (kugeza kuri 5%) ishobora kongerwamo kugira ngo yongere umuvuduko w'ingendo (menya ko bitandukanye n'ibyuma bya karuboni, alloys za nikeli ntizikunze kwangirika).
Ku byuma bitagira umushongi bya superduplex na superduplex, 98% Ar/2% N2 na 98% Ar/3% N2 ni amahitamo meza, uko bikurikirana. Heliyumu ishobora kandi kongerwamo kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo kumena ku kigero cya 30%. Iyo urimo ...
Icyuma kidashonga kigomba kurinda impande zombi z'urusobe kugira ngo gikore ubushuhe bwarangiye bufite ubudahangarwa bwinshi bwo kwangirika. Kudakingira inyuma bishobora gutera "saccharification," cyangwa oxidation nyinshi ishobora gutuma solder inanirwa.
Ibikoresho bifunganye bifite ubushobozi bwo gufata neza cyangwa bifunganye inyuma y'igikoresho bishobora kudakenera umwuka ushyigikira. Aha, ikibazo nyamukuru ni ukwirinda ko agace kagizweho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe gahinduka cyane bitewe n'ubwiyongere bwa okiside, bigasaba gukuraho imashini. Mu by'ukuri, niba ubushyuhe bw'inyuma burenze dogere 500 Fahrenheit, hakenewe umwuka urinda. Ariko, uburyo bwo kubungabunga ni ugukoresha dogere 300 Fahrenheit nk'urugero. Mu by'ukuri, inyuma hagomba kuba munsi ya 30 PPM O2. Ibidashoboka ni uko inyuma y'igikoresho kizaba cyarakuweho, kigasigwa hanyuma kigasukwa kugira ngo haboneke umwuka unyuramo wose.
Imyuka ibiri ishyigikira ni N2 (ihendutse cyane) na Ar (ihenze cyane). Ku matsinda mato cyangwa iyo amasoko ya Ar aboneka byoroshye, bishobora koroha gukoresha iyi myuka kandi ntibikwiye kuzigama N2. Hydrogen igera kuri 5% ishobora kongerwamo kugira ngo igabanye ogisijeni. Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kugurisha, ariko ibikoresho byo mu rugo n'ingomero zo gusukura ni ibintu bisanzwe.
Kongeramo 10.5% cyangwa irenga bya chromium ni byo biha icyuma kitagira umushongi imiterere yacyo. Kubungabunga iyi miterere bisaba ubuhanga bwiza mu guhitamo gazi ikwiye yo gusudira no kurinda inyuma y'aho ihurira. Icyuma kitagira umushongi kirahenze, kandi hari impamvu zumvikana zo kugikoresha. Nta mpamvu yo kugerageza guca intege iyo bigeze ku gukingira gazi cyangwa guhitamo ibyuma bifasha ibi. Kubwibyo, buri gihe ni byiza gukorana n'umuhanga mu gukwirakwiza gazi n'ibyuma bifasha ibisasu mu gusudira icyuma kitagira umushongi.
Komeza umenye amakuru agezweho, ibikorwa n'ikoranabuhanga ku byuma byose bivuye mu makuru yacu abiri ya buri kwezi yanditswe gusa ku nganda zo muri Kanada!
Ubu hamwe n'uburyo bwose bwo kubona igitabo cy'ikoranabuhanga cya Canadian Metalworking, byoroshye kubona ibikoresho by'agaciro by'inganda.
Ubu hamwe n'uburyo bwose bwo kubona igitabo cya Made in Canada na Welding, byoroshye kubona ibikoresho by'agaciro by'inganda.