Kubatanidza simbi isingatsvi kunoda kusarudzwa kwegasi rekudzivirira kuchengetedza chimiro chayo chesimbi uye hunhu hwayo hwepanyama uye hwemakanika. Zvinhu zvinowanzo shandiswa pakudzivirira simbi isingatsvi zvinosanganisira argon, helium, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, uye hydrogen (ona Mufananidzo 1). Magasi aya anosanganiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana kuti aenderane nezvinodiwa nenzira dzakasiyana dzekutumira, mhando dzewaya, mabhesi alloys, chimiro chebead chinodiwa uye kumhanya kwekufamba.
Nekuda kwekusagona kupinza simbi isina ngura zvakanaka uye hunhu hwekupinza simbi ine arc arc (GMAW) mu "short-circuit transfer gas metal arc welding (GMAW), maitiro aya anoda gasi re "tri-mix" rine 85% kusvika 90% helium (He), kusvika 10% Argon (Ar) uye 2% kusvika 5% Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Musanganiswa we triblend wakajairika une 90% He, 7-1/2% Ar, uye 2-1/2% CO2. Kugona kwakanyanya kwe ionization kwe helium kunokurudzira arcing mushure me short circuit; pamwe chete ne high thermal conductivity yayo, kushandiswa kwe He kunowedzera fluidity yedziva rakanyungudutswa. Chikamu cheAr cheTrimix chinopa dziviriro yakajairika ye weld puddle, nepo CO2 inoshanda se reactive component kudzikamisa arc (ona Mufananidzo 2 kuti magasi akasiyana ekudzivirira anokanganisa sei weld bead profile).
Mimwe misanganiswa yeternary inogona kushandisa oxygen se stabilizer, nepo mimwe inoshandisa musanganiswa weHe/CO2/N2 kuti iite zvakafanana. Vamwe vanogovera gasi vane misanganiswa yega yega inopa mabhenefiti akavimbiswa. Vatengesi vanokurudzirawo misanganiswa iyi kune dzimwe nzira dzekutumira dzine mhedzisiro imwechete.
Chikanganiso chikuru chinoitwa nevagadziri ndechekuedza kupfupisa simbi isina ngura yeGMAW nemusanganiswa wegesi wakafanana (75 Ar/25 CO2) nesimbi isina ngura, kazhinji nekuti havadi kugadzirisa silinda yekuwedzera. Musanganiswa uyu une kabhoni yakawandisa. Kutaura zvazviri, chero gasi rekudzivirira rinoshandiswa pawaya yakasimba rinofanira kunge riine 5% kabhoni dioxide. Kushandisa huwandu hwakawanda kunoita kuti simbi irege kuonekwa seL-grade alloy (L-grade ine kabhoni iri pasi pe0.03%). Kabhoni yakawandisa mugasi rekudzivirira inogona kuumba chromium carbides, iyo inoderedza kuramba kwengura uye hunhu hwemakanika. Soot inogonawo kuoneka pamusoro pe weld.
Sezvineiwo, pakusarudza simbi dzekugadzirisa GMAW dze300 series base alloys (308, 309, 316, 347), vagadziri vanofanira kusarudza LSi grade. Zvizadza zveLSi zvine kabhoni shoma (0.02%) uye saka zvinokurudzirwa zvikuru kana paine njodzi yekuora pakati pegranular. Silicon yakawanda inovandudza hunhu hweweld, senge kunyorovesa, kubatsira kudzikamisa korona yeweld uye kukurudzira kubatana patsoka.
Vagadziri vanofanira kungwarira pavanoshandisa nzira dzekufambisa dzema "short-circuit". Kusanganiswa kusina kukwana kunogona kuitika nekuda kwekudzima kwe "arc", zvichiita kuti maitiro acho asashande zvakanaka. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ane huwandu hwakawanda, kana chinhu chacho chichigona kutsigira kupisa kwacho (≥ 1/16 inch inenge iri chinhu chakatetepa kupfuura zvese chakasungirirwa uchishandisa nzira yekufema yekufema), kupfurwa kwekufema kwekufema kuchava sarudzo iri nani. Kana ukobvu hwechinhu nenzvimbo yekufema zvichichitsigira, kupfurwa kwekufema kweGMAW kunosarudzwa sezvo kuchipa kupfurwa kwakafanana.
Mamodhi aya ekupisa zvakanyanya haadi gasi rekudzivirira. Pakuputira spray transfer welding ye300 series alloys, sarudzo inowanzoitwa i98% Ar uye 2% reactive elements dzakadai seCO2 kana O2. Mimwe misanganiswa yegasi inogonawo kunge iine huwandu hushoma hweN2.N2 ine ionization potential yakakwira uye thermal conductivity, iyo inokurudzira kunyorova uye inobvumira kufamba nekukurumidza kana kuvandudzwa kwemvura; inoderedzawo kukanganiswa.
Pakupfurwa kwemvura inopfapfaidzwa GMAW, 100% Ar inogona kuva sarudzo inogamuchirwa. Nekuti simba remhepo rinodzikamisa arc, gasi haridi nguva dzose zvinhu zvinoshanda.
Dziva rakanyungudutswa rinononoka kune simbi dzisina ngura dzeferritic nesimbi dzisina ngura mbiri (50/50 chiyero cheferrite kune austenite). Kune aya ma alloys, musanganiswa wegesi wakaita se ~70% Ar/~30% He/2% CO2 uchaita kuti kunyorovesa kuri nani uye kuwedzera kumhanya kwekufamba (ona Mufananidzo 3). Misanganiswa yakafanana inogona kushandiswa kusanganisa nickel alloys, asi ichaita kuti nickel oxides iumbwe pamusoro pe weld (semuenzaniso, kuwedzera 2% CO2 kana O2 kwakakwana kuwedzera oxide content, saka vagadziri vanofanira kudzivirira kana kugadzirira kupedza nguva yakawanda paari). Anogumbura nekuti aya ma oxide akaoma zvekuti brashi rewaya hariwanzoabvisa).
Vagadziri vanoshandisa waya dzesimbi dzisina ngura dzakagadzirwa neflux-core pakuwelda kunze kwenzvimbo nekuti sisitimu yeslag iri muwaya idzi inopa "sherufu" inotsigira dziva rekuwelda parinosimba. Nekuti kuumbwa kweflux kunoderedza mhedzisiro yeCO2, waya yesimbi isina ngura yakagadzirwa kuti ishandiswe ne75% Ar/25% CO2 uye/kana 100% CO2 gas mixes. Kunyange zvazvo waya yeflux-core ingadhura zvakanyanya pa paundi, zvakakosha kuziva kuti kumhanya kwakanyanya kwekuwelda kwenzvimbo dzese uye mwero wekuisa zvinogona kuderedza mari yese yekuwelda. Pamusoro pezvo, waya yeflux-core inoshandisa voltage yakajairika DC output, zvichiita kuti sisitimu yekuwelda yekutanga ive shoma uye isinganyanyi kuoma kupfuura masisitimu epulsed GMAW.
Kune 300 ne400 series alloys, 100% Ar inoramba iri sarudzo yakajairika ye gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Munguva yeGTAW yemamwe nickel alloys, kunyanya nemaitiro akagadziriswa, huwandu hushoma hwehydrogen (kusvika ku5%) hunogona kuwedzerwa kuti kuwedzere kumhanya kwekufamba (cherechedza kuti kusiyana nesimbi dzekabhoni, nickel alloys hadziwanzo kuputika kwehydrogen).
Pakushongedza simbi dzisina tsvina dze superduplex ne superduplex, 98% Ar/2% N2 uye 98% Ar/3% N2 isarudzo dzakanaka, zvichiteerana. Helium inogonawo kuwedzerwa kuti iwedzere kunyorova ne30%. Pakushongedza simbi dzisina tsvina dze super duplex kana super duplex, chinangwa ndechekugadzira joint ine microstructure yakaenzana yeinenge 50% ferrite ne50% austenite. Nekuti kuumbwa kwe microstructure kunoenderana nekutonhora, uye nekuti dziva reTIG weld rinotonhora nekukurumidza, ferrite yakawandisa inoramba iripo kana 100% Ar yashandiswa. Kana musanganiswa wegesi une N2 washandiswa, N2 inonyungudutswa mudziva rakanyungudutswa uye inokurudzira kuumbwa kwe austenite.
Simbi isina ngura inofanira kuchengetedza mativi ese ejoini kuti igadzire weld yakagadzirwa inodzivirira ngura zvakanyanya. Kukundikana kuchengetedza chikamu chekumashure kunogona kukonzera "kusaccharification," kana oxidation yakakura inogona kutungamira kukundikana kwesolder.
Zvishandiso zvematako zvakasimba zvine mwero wakanaka kana kuti zvinodzivirira zvakasimba kumashure kwechinhu zvinogona kusada gasi rekutsigira. Pano, dambudziko guru nderekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwakanyanya kwenzvimbo inokanganiswa nekupisa nekuda kwekuunganidza kweoxide, izvo zvinoda kubviswa nemashini. Kana tembiricha yekumashure ikapfuura 500 degrees Fahrenheit, gasi rekudzivirira rinodiwa. Zvisinei, nzira yekuchengetedza ndeyekushandisa 300 degrees Fahrenheit semuganho. Zvakanaka, musana unofanirwa kunge uri pasi pe30 PPM O2. Kunze kwekunge kumashure kwechinhu ichi kuchachekwa, kukuyiwa uye kusungirirwa kuti pave ne weld yakazara.
Magasi maviri anotsigira akasarudzwa ndeaya N2 (yakachipa) neAr (inodhura zvakanyanya). Kune magasi madiki kana kana maAr aripo, zvingave nyore kushandisa gasi iri uye hazvikodzeri kuchengetedza N2. Hydrogen inosvika 5% inogona kuwedzerwa kuderedza oxidation. Kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekutengesa, asi masimbi ekugadzira nekuchenesa anowanikwa kumba.
Kuwedzerwa kwe10.5% kana kupfuura yechromium ndiko kunoita kuti simbi isina tsvina ive nemasimba ayo ekusaita tsvina. Kuchengetedza masimba aya kunoda hunyanzvi hwakanaka pakusarudza gasi rekudzivirira kusungirirwa kwesimbi uye kuchengetedza chikamu chemukati chejoinhi. Simbi isina tsvina inodhura, uye pane zvikonzero zvakanaka zvekuishandisa. Hapana chikonzero chekuedza kucheka makona kana zvasvika pakudzivirira gasi kana kusarudza simbi dzinozadza. Saka, zvine musoro kushanda nenyanzvi yekuparadzira gasi negesi uye nyanzvi yesimbi dzinozadza gasi kana uchisarudza simbi dzinozadza gasi.
Ramba uchiziva nhau dzichangoburwa, zviitiko uye tekinoroji pamusoro pesimbi dzese kubva mumapepanhau edu maviri emwedzi nemwedzi akanyorwa chete kune vagadziri vekuCanada!
Iye zvino nekuwana zvizere chinyorwa chedhijitari cheCanadian Metalworking, zviri nyore kuwana zviwanikwa zvinokosha zveindasitiri.
Iye zvino nekuwana zvizere chinyorwa chedhijitari cheMade in Canada neWelding, zviri nyore kuwana zviwanikwa zvinokosha zveindasitiri.