Insimbi engagqwali akunzima ngempela ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa ukushisela kwayo kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile emininingwaneni. Ayisusi ukushisa njengensimbi ethambile noma i-aluminium futhi ingalahlekelwa ukumelana nokugqwala uma uyishisa kakhulu. Imikhuba emihle isiza ukugcina ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala. Isithombe: Miller Electric
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali kwenza kube ukukhetha okukhangayo kwezicelo eziningi ezibalulekile zamapayipi, okuhlanganisa ukudla neziphuzo ezihlanzekile kakhulu, imithi, izitsha zokucindezela kanye nezimboni zamakhemikhali kaphethiloli. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akususi ukushisa njengensimbi encane noma i-aluminium, futhi ukushisela okungafanele kunganciphisa ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala. Ukusebenzisa ukushisa okuningi nokusebenzisa insimbi yokugcwalisa engafanele kuyimbangela emibili.
Ukunamathela kweminye yemikhuba emihle kakhulu yokushisela insimbi engagqwali kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni imiphumela nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi kuyagcinwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokushisela kungandisa umkhiqizo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ikhwalithi.
Lapho kushiselwa insimbi engagqwali, ukukhetha insimbi yokugcwalisa kubalulekile ekulawuleni okuqukethwe yikhabhoni. Izinsimbi zokugcwalisa ezisetshenziselwa ukushisela ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali kumele zithuthukise ukusebenza kokushisela futhi zifanele ukusetshenziswa.
Bheka izinsimbi zokugcwalisa ezibizwa ngokuthi “L” njenge-ER308L njengoba zinikeza okuqukethwe okuphansi kakhulu kwekhabhoni okusiza ukugcina ukumelana nokugqwala kuma-alloy ensimbi engagqwali anekhabhoni ephansi. Ukushisela insimbi eyisisekelo enekhabhoni ephansi ngezinsimbi zokugcwalisa ezijwayelekile kwandisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwejoyinti lokushisela, okwandisa ingozi yokugqwala. Gwema izinsimbi zokugcwalisa eziphawulwe ngokuthi “H” njengoba zinikeza okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni futhi zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okudinga amandla aphezulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Uma ushisela insimbi engagqwali, kubalulekile futhi ukukhetha insimbi yokugcwalisa enamazinga aphansi okulandelela (okwaziwa nangokuthi ukungcola) kwezinto. Lezi yizinto ezisele ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza izinsimbi zokugcwalisa, okuhlanganisa i-antimony, i-arsenic, i-phosphorus kanye nesulfure. Zingathinta kakhulu ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto.
Ngenxa yokuthi insimbi engagqwali iyazwela kakhulu ekufakweni kokushisa, ukulungiswa kwamalunga kanye nokuhlanganiswa okufanele kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukushisa ukuze kulondolozwe izakhiwo zezinto. Izikhala phakathi kwezingxenye noma ukulingana okungalingani zidinga ithoshi ukuthi lihlale endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside, futhi kudingeka insimbi eyengeziwe yokugcwalisa ukuze kugcwaliswe lezo zikhala. Lokhu kungabangela ukushisa ukuthi kuqongelelane endaweni ethintekile, okungabangela ukuthi ingxenye ishise ngokweqile. Ukulingana okungekuhle kungenza kube nzima ukuvala izikhala nokuthola ukungena okudingekayo kwe-weld. Qaphela ukuthi uqondanise izingxenye nensimbi engagqwali eduze ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ubumsulwa balolu hlobo lwento bubaluleke kakhulu. Inani elincane kakhulu lokungcola noma ukungcola emajoyintini ahlanganisiwe kungabangela amaphutha anciphisa amandla kanye nokumelana nokugqwala komkhiqizo wokugcina. Ukuze uhlanze isisekelo ngaphambi kokushisela, sebenzisa ibhulashi lensimbi engagqwali elikhethekile elingasetshenziswanga ensimbini yekhabhoni noma e-aluminium.
Ensimbini engagqwali, ukuzwela kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokulahlekelwa ukumelana nokugqwala. Lokhu kungenzeka uma izinga lokushisa lokushisela kanye nezinga lokupholisa kushintshashintsha kakhulu, okuholela ekushintsheni kwesakhiwo sezinto ezibonakalayo.
Lokhu kushibilika kwangaphandle epayipini lensimbi engagqwali, okushibilika nge-GMAW kanye nensimbi elawulwayo yokumisa (RMD) ngaphandle kokushibilika kwezimpande, kufana ngokubukeka nangekhwalithi yokushibilika kwe-GTAW backwash.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali yi-chromium oxide. Kodwa uma okuqukethwe yikhabhoni kwe-weld kuphezulu kakhulu, kwakheka i-chromium carbide. Zibopha i-chromium futhi zivimbele ukwakheka kwe-chromium oxide oyifunayo, okunikeza insimbi engagqwali ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo. Uma ingekho i-chromium oxide eyanele, izinto ngeke zibe nezakhiwo ezifiselekayo futhi kuzokwenzeka ukugqwala.
Ukuvimbela ukuzwela kuncike ekukhetheni insimbi yokugcwalisa kanye nokulawula okokufaka ukushisa. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kubalulekile ukukhetha insimbi yokugcwalisa enokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhabhoni lapho ushisela insimbi engagqwali. Kodwa-ke, ikhabhoni ngezinye izikhathi iyadingeka ukuze inikeze amandla kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukulawula izinga lokushisa kubaluleke kakhulu lapho izinsimbi zokugcwalisa ezinekhabhoni ephansi zingafaneleki.
Nciphisa isikhathi lapho indawo yokushisela kanye nendawo ethintekile ekushiseni ihlala khona emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ngokuvamile ama-degrees Celsius angu-950 kuya ku-1500. Uma isikhathi esincane sokushisela sichitha kuleli banga, kulapho kukhiqiza khona ukushisa okuncane. Hlola njalo futhi uqaphele izinga lokushisa le-interpass ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela.
Enye indlela ukusebenzisa izinsimbi zokugcwalisa ezinezingxenye zokuxuba ezifana ne-titanium ne-niobium ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-chromium carbide. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zingxenye zithinta namandla nokuqina, lezi zinsimbi zokugcwalisa azikwazi ukusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ukushisela i-root weld tungsten arc (GTAW) kuyindlela yendabuko yokushisela amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali. Lokhu kuvame ukudinga i-argon backflush ukuvimbela ukushiswa ngaphansi kwe-weld. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezinqubo zokushisela izintambo kumapayipi ensimbi engagqwali kuya ngokuya kuvama. Kulezi zimo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi amagesi ahlukene okuvikela athinta kanjani ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto.
Uma kushintshwa insimbi engagqwali kusetshenziswa i-gas arc welding (GMAW) kusetshenziswa i-argon ne-carbon dioxide, ingxube ye-argon ne-oxygen, noma ingxube yegesi ezintathu (i-helium, i-argon ne-carbon dioxide). Ngokuvamile, lezi zingxube ziqukethe kakhulu i-argon noma i-helium kanye ne-carbon dioxide engaphansi kuka-5% ngoba i-carbon dioxide ingenisa ikhabhoni echibini lokushintshwa futhi yandisa ingozi yokuzwela. I-argon emsulwa ayinconywa i-GMAW ensimbini engagqwali.
Ucingo oluhlanganisiwe lwensimbi engagqwali lwenzelwe ukusebenza nengxube yendabuko ye-argon engu-75% kanye ne-carbon dioxide engu-25%. Uketshezi luqukethe izithako ezenzelwe ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwe-weld yi-carbon evela kugesi evikelayo.
Njengoba izinqubo ze-GMAW zithuthuka, zenze kwaba lula ukushisela amashubhu namapayipi ensimbi engagqwali. Nakuba ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zingase zidinge inqubo ye-GTAW, izinqubo zokucubungula izintambo ezithuthukisiwe zinganikeza ikhwalithi efanayo kanye nokukhiqiza okuphezulu ezinhlelweni eziningi zensimbi engagqwali.
Ama-weld ensimbi engagqwali e-ID enziwe nge-GMAW RMD afana ngekhwalithi nokubukeka nama-weld e-OD ahambisanayo.
I-root pass esebenzisa inqubo ye-GMAW ye-modified short circuit efana ne-Miller's controlled metal deposition (RMD) isusa i-backwash kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-austenitic stainless steel. I-RMD root pass ingalandelwa yi-pulsed GMAW noma i-flux-cored arc welding ukuze kugcwaliswe futhi kuvaliwe, ushintsho olusindisa isikhathi nemali uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa i-backflushed GTAW, ikakhulukazi emapayipini amakhulu.
I-RMD isebenzisa ukudluliselwa kwensimbi okulawulwa ngokunembile ukuze ikhiqize i-arc ethule, ezinzile kanye ne-weld pool. Lokhu kuholela emathubeni amancane okuthi kungene noma kungancibiliki, kunciphe ukuchitheka, kanye nekhwalithi engcono yokudlula kwezimpande zepayipi. Ukudluliselwa kwensimbi okulawulwa ngokunembile kuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwamaconsi afanayo kanye nokulawulwa okulula kwe-weld pool ngaleyo ndlela ukufakwa kokushisa kanye nesivinini sokushisela.
Izinqubo ezingezona ezendabuko zingathuthukisa umkhiqizo wokushisela. Uma usebenzisa i-RMD, isivinini sokushisela singaba kusukela ku-6 kuya ku-12 in/min. Ngenxa yokuthi inqubo ithuthukisa umkhiqizo ngaphandle kokushisa okwengeziwe kwezingxenye, iyasiza ekugcineni izakhiwo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali. Ukunciphisa ukufakwa kokushisa kwenqubo kusiza futhi ukulawula ukuguquguquka kwe-substrate.
Le nqubo ye-pulsed GMAW inikeza ubude obufushane be-arc, ama-arc cone amancane, kanye nokufakwa kokushisa okuncane kunokudluliselwa kwe-pulsed spray okuvamile. Njengoba inqubo ivaliwe, ukukhukhuleka kwe-arc kanye nokushintshashintsha kwebanga eliphakathi kwesihloko nendawo yokusebenza kuqedwa cishe. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuphathwa kwechibi lokushisela ngokushisela nangaphandle kokushisela endaweni. Okokugcina, inhlanganisela ye-pulsed GMAW yokugcwalisa kanye ne-top roll ene-RMD ye-root roll ivumela inqubo yokushisela ukuthi yenziwe kusetshenziswa ucingo olulodwa kanye negesi eyodwa, kunciphisa isikhathi sokushintsha kwenqubo.
I-Tube & Pipe Journal 于1990 年成為第一本致力于為金属管材行业服务的杂志. Ijenali Ye-Tube & Pipe kusukela ngo-1990 Ijenali ye-Tube & Pipe стал первым журналом, посвященным индустрии металлических труб в 1990 году. I-Tube & Pipe Journal yaba umagazini wokuqala ozinikele embonini yamapayipi ensimbi ngo-1990.Namuhla, isalokhu iyincwadi yodwa embonini eNyakatho Melika futhi isibe umthombo wolwazi othembeke kakhulu kochwepheshe bamapayipi.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-FABRICATOR, ukufinyelela okulula ezinsizeni ezibalulekile zemboni.
Uhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Tube & Pipe Journal seluyatholakala ngokugcwele manje, lunikeza ukufinyelela okulula ezinsizeni ezibalulekile zemboni.
Thola ukufinyelela okugcwele kwedijithali ku-STAMPING Journal, equkethe ubuchwepheshe bamuva, imikhuba emihle kanye nezindaba zemboni zemakethe yokunyathela insimbi.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kwedijithali ku-The Fabricator ngesi-Spanish, unokufinyelela okulula ezinsizeni ezibalulekile zemboni.