Ibyuma bitarangwamo umwanda ntabwo bigoye gukoresha, ariko gusudira kwayo bisaba kwitabwaho cyane. Ntibikuraho ubushyuhe nk'icyuma cyoroshye cyangwa aluminiyumu kandi bishobora gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese iyo ubishyushye cyane. Uburyo bwiza bufasha mu gukomeza kurwanya ingese. Ishusho: Miller Electric
Kuba icyuma kidashonga neza bituma gikundwa n’inganda nyinshi zikoresha imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, harimo ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa bisukuye cyane, imiti, ibikoresho bishyushya n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Ariko, iki gikoresho ntigikuraho ubushyuhe nk’icyuma cyoroshye cyangwa aluminiyumu, kandi gusudira nabi bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwacyo. Gukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi no gukoresha icyuma kidakoreshwa neza ni bimwe mu bintu bibitera.
Gukurikiza bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo gusudira ibyuma bitagira umugese bishobora gufasha kunoza umusaruro no kwemeza ko icyuma kidatwarwa n’ingufu. Byongeye kandi, kunoza uburyo bwo gusudira bishobora kongera umusaruro hatabayeho kwangiza ireme.
Mu gusudira ibyuma bitagira umugese, guhitamo ibyuma bitagira umugese ni ingenzi cyane mu kugenzura ingano ya karuboni. Ibikoresho bifasha gusudira imiyoboro y'ibyuma bitagira umugese bigomba kunoza imikorere yo gusudira no kuba bikwiriye gukoreshwa.
Shaka ibyuma bya "L" nk'ibi ER308L kuko bitanga ingano ntoya ya karuboni, ibyo bikaba bifasha mu kubungabunga imiterere ya karuboni mu byuma bitagira karuboni nyinshi. Gusudira icyuma gisanzwe gikoresha ibyuma bisanzwe byongera ingano ya karuboni mu gice cyo gusudira, byongera ibyago byo kwangirika. Irinde ibyuma byanditseho "H" kuko bitanga ingano nyinshi ya karuboni kandi bikaba bigenewe gukoreshwa mu gihe ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije.
Mu gusudira ibyuma bitagira umugese, ni ngombwa kandi guhitamo icyuma cyuzuza gifite urugero ruto rw'ibintu (kizwi kandi nk'imyanda). Ibi ni ibintu bisigaye mu bikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma byuzuza, birimo antimoni, arsenic, fosforu na sulfur. Bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku burwanyi bw'ibintu.
Kubera ko icyuma kitagira umushongi kigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushyuhe bushyirwamo, gutegura ingingo no guteranya neza bigira uruhare runini mu kugenzura ubushyuhe kugira ngo ibintu bikomeze kuba byiza. Icyuho kiri hagati y'ibice cyangwa imiterere idahuye bisaba ko itara riguma ahantu hamwe igihe kirekire, kandi hakenewe ibyuma byinshi byo kuzuza kugira ngo byuzuze ibyo bice. Ibi bishobora gutuma ubushyuhe bwiyongera mu gace kagize ikibazo, bigatuma igice gishyuha cyane. Kuba kitameze neza bishobora kandi gutuma bigorana kuziba icyuho no kubona uburyo bukenewe bwo kwinjira mu cyuma. Witondere guhuza ibice n'icyuma kitagira umushongi neza uko bishoboka kose.
Ubuziranenge bw'iki gikoresho nabwo ni ingenzi cyane. Uduce duto cyane tw'imyanda cyangwa umwanda mu ngingo zishongeshejwe bishobora gutera inenge zigabanya imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa bw'umusaruro wa nyuma. Kugira ngo usukure substrate mbere yo gusudira, koresha uburoso bwihariye bw'icyuma kitagira umugese butakoreshejwe ku cyuma cya karubone cyangwa aluminiyumu.
Mu byuma bitangiza ibyuma, ubushobozi bwo gukurura ibyuma niyo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma habaho gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese. Ibi bishobora kubaho iyo ubushyuhe bwo gusudira n'igipimo cyo gukonjesha bihindagurika cyane, bigatuma imiterere y'ibikoresho ihinduka.
Iyi sudira yo hanze ku muyoboro w'icyuma kitagira umugese, ihujwe na GMAW na controlled deposition metal (RMD) idafite root backwash, isa mu buryo igaragara kandi ifite ubuziranenge nk'iya GTAW backwash welds.
Igice cy'ingenzi mu kurwanya ingese mu byuma bitagira umugese ni chromium oxyde. Ariko iyo karuboni iri mu cyuma ikora cyane, chromium carbide irakorwa. Iboha chromium ikabuza chromium oxyde ikenewe gukorwa, ibyo bigatuma icyuma kitagira umugese kidakora ingese. Iyo chromium oxyde idafite umugese ihagije, ibyo bikoresho ntibizagira imiterere ikenewe kandi ingese izabaho.
Gukumira ubushyuhe bishingira ku guhitamo ibyuma byuzuza ibyuma no kugenzura uburyo ubushyuhe bwinjiramo. Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, ni ngombwa guhitamo icyuma cyuzuza ibyuma gifite karuboni nkeya mu gihe urimo gusudira ibyuma bitarangwamo ibyuma. Ariko, karuboni rimwe na rimwe irakenewe kugira ngo itange imbaraga mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe. Kugenzura ubushyuhe ni ingenzi cyane cyane iyo ibyuma byuzuza ibyuma bifite karuboni nkeya bidakwiye.
Gabanya igihe agace kagizweho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe biguma ku bushyuhe buri hejuru, ubusanzwe dogere selisiyusi 500 kugeza 800. Uko gusora bimara igihe gito muri uru rwego, niko ubushyuhe bugabanuka. Buri gihe genzura kandi urebe ubushyuhe bw'interpass mu gihe cyo gusora.
Ubundi buryo ni ugukoresha ibyuma byuzuza hamwe n'ibice bivangavanze nka titaniyumu na niobiyumu kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho karubide ya chromium. Kubera ko ibi bice bigira ingaruka ku bunini no gukomera, ibi byuma byuzuza ntibishobora gukoreshwa mu bikorwa byose.
Gusudira imiyoboro ya tungsten arc welding (GTAW) ni uburyo gakondo bwo gusudira imiyoboro ya stainless steel. Ibi akenshi bisaba gusukamo argon backflush kugira ngo hirindwe oxidation munsi y'umuyoboro. Ariko, ikoreshwa ry'insinga mu miyoboro ya stainless steel ririmo kwiyongera. Muri ibi bihe, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa uburyo imyuka itandukanye ikingira impanuka igira ingaruka ku burwanyi bw'ibikoresho.
Mu gusudira ibyuma bitagira umugese hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa gaze arc welding (GMAW) ubusanzwe hakoreshwaga argon na karuboni dioxyde, uruvange rwa argon na ogisijeni, cyangwa uruvange rwa gaze eshatu (helium, argon na karuboni dioxyde). Ubusanzwe, izi mvange zirimo argon cyangwa helium na dioxyde de carbone iri munsi ya 5% kuko dioxyde de carbone yinjiza karuboni mu kidendezi cyo gusudira kandi byongera ibyago byo kwangirika. Argon y'umwimerere ntiyemerwa kuri GMAW ku byuma bitagira umugese.
Insinga zikozwe mu cyuma kidafunze zikozwe mu buryo bwa "core" zikoreshwa mu gukorana n'uruvange gakondo rwa 75% bya argon na 25% bya dioxyde de carbone. Uru ruvange rugizwe n'ibintu byagenewe gukumira kwanduzwa kwa karubone na gaze ikingira.
Uko gahunda za GMAW zagendaga zitera imbere, byorohereje gusudira imiyoboro n'imiyoboro y'icyuma kidashonga. Nubwo hari porogaramu zimwe na zimwe zishobora gukenera inzira ya GTAW, inzira zigezweho zo gutunganya insinga zishobora gutanga ireme nk'iryo n'umusaruro mwinshi mu bikorwa byinshi by'icyuma kidashonga.
Ibyuma bitagira umugese bya ID byakozwe na GMAW RMD bifite ubwiza n'isura bisa n'ibyuma bifitanye isano na OD.
Uburyo bwo gusohora imizi bukoresha uburyo bwa "modified short circuit GMAW" nka Miller's controlled metal deposition (RMD) bukuraho uburyo bwo gukaraba inyuma mu bikoresho bimwe na bimwe by'icyuma kitagira umugese. Uburyo bwo gusohora imizi bwa RMD bushobora gukurikirwa na "pulsed GMAW" cyangwa "flux-cored arc welding" kugira ngo byuzuze kandi bifunze, impinduka ikiza igihe n'amafaranga ugereranije no gukoresha "backflushed GTAW", cyane cyane ku miyoboro minini.
RMD ikoresha uburyo bwo kohereza ibyuma mu buryo bucungwa neza kugira ngo ikore ahantu hatuje kandi hahamye ho kohereza no gusudira. Ibi bituma amahirwe yo kwinjira mu bukonje cyangwa kudashonga agabanuka, kudashonga neza, no gutuma imizi y'imiyoboro irushaho kuba myiza. Kohereza ibyuma mu buryo bucungwa neza kandi bituma amazi ashyirwa mu buryo bumwe kandi byoroshye kugenzura ko kohereza no gusudira, bityo bigatuma ubushyuhe butangira kandi bugatera umuvuduko wo gusudira.
Uburyo butari gakondo bushobora kongera umusaruro wo gusudira. Iyo ukoresheje RMD, umuvuduko wo gusudira ushobora kuba hagati ya 6 na 12 inches/min. Kubera ko uburyo bwongera umusaruro nta gushyushya kw'inyongera kw'ibice, bifasha kubungabunga imiterere n'ubudahangarwa bw'icyuma kidashonga. Kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'uburyo bukoreshwa binafasha mu kugenzura ihinduka ry'ubutaka.
Ubu buryo bwa GMAW butanga uburebure bw'umurambararo mugufi, uduce duto tw'umurambararo, kandi butanga ubushyuhe buke ugereranije n'uburyo busanzwe bwo kohereza imirasire isanzwe. Kubera ko uburyo bufunze, guhindagurika kw'umurambararo n'ihindagurika ry'umurambararo hagati y'inkombe n'aho bikora biravanwaho. Ibi byoroshya imicungire y'ikidendezi cyo gusudira hamwe no gusudira aho gikorerwa cyangwa hatabayeho gusudira. Amaherezo, guhuza GMAW isukuye yo kuzuza no gusimbuza hejuru hamwe na RMD yo gusimbuza imizi bituma uburyo bwo gusudira bukorwa hakoreshejwe insinga imwe na gaze imwe, bigabanura igihe cyo guhindura inzira.
Tube & Umuyoboro Ikinyamakuru 于 1990 年成为第一本致力于为金属管材行业服务的杂志。 Ikinyamakuru cya Tube & Pipe cyanditswe mu 1990 Tube & Umuyoboro Ikinyamakuru стал пер журналом, посвященным манстрии металлических труб в 1990 году. Ikinyamakuru Tube & Pipe Journal cyabaye ikinyamakuru cya mbere cyihariye inganda z'imiyoboro y'ibyuma mu 1990.Muri iki gihe, iracyari cyo cyonyine cyasohotse mu nganda muri Amerika ya Ruguru kandi yabaye isoko ryizewe cyane ry'amakuru ku bakora ibijyanye no gusohora imiyoboro.
Ubu hamwe n'uburyo bwose bwo kubona igitabo cya The FABRICATOR digital edition, byoroshye kubona ibikoresho by'agaciro by'inganda.
Ikinyamakuru The Tube & Pipe Journal cyo kuri interineti ubu kiraboneka neza, gitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona ibikoresho by'agaciro by'inganda.
Shaka uburyo bwuzuye bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya STAMPING Journal, ririmo ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, uburyo bwiza bwo gukora ibintu n'amakuru y'inganda ku isoko ry'ubukorikori bw'ibyuma.
Ubu ufite uburenganzira bwose bwo gukoresha The Fabricator mu rurimi rw'Icyongereza, ushobora kubona byoroshye ibikoresho by'agaciro by'inganda.