Akadomo gafatanye n'ukuboko k'umugozi gafite ishusho hafi y'umurambararo w'inyuma w'igice kizunguruka. Ibikoresho by'ibanze bikenewe mu bikorwa byinshi byo kuzunguruka birimo mandrel, icyuma gifata icyuma, imigozi n'amaboko y'umugozi bigize igice, n'igikoresho cyo kwambara. Ishusho: Toledo Metal Spinning Company.
Iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa bya Toledo Metal Spinning Co. rishobora kuba ritari risanzwe, ariko ntabwo ari umwihariko mu iduka rikora ibyuma. Iduka rikorera i Toledo, muri Ohio ryatangiye gukora ibintu byihariye kandi rizwiho gukora ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'ibicuruzwa. Uko ubusabe bwagendaga bwiyongera, ryatangije ibicuruzwa byinshi bisanzwe bishingiye ku miterere isanzwe.
Guhuza imirimo yo gutumiza no gutumiza bifasha kuringaniza imitwaro y'amaduka. Gusubiramo imirimo binafungura amarembo ya robotike n'ubundi bwoko bw'imikorere ikora. Inyungu n'amafaranga byazamutse, kandi isi yasaga n'aho ikora neza.
Ariko se ubucuruzi burimo gukura vuba bishoboka? Abayobozi b'iduka ry'abakozi 45 bari bazi ko ikigo gifite ubushobozi bwinshi, cyane cyane iyo babonaga uburyo abahanga mu by'ubucuruzi bakoresha iminsi yabo. Nubwo TMS itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi, ibicuruzwa byinshi ntibishobora gukurwa mu bubiko bw'ibicuruzwa byarangiye ngo byoherezwe. Bikozwe mu buryo bukurikije gutumiza. Ibi bivuze ko abahanga mu by'ubucuruzi bamara igihe kinini bategura impapuro zo gutumiza hopper, bagaragaza ferrules hano n'ibikoresho byihariye cyangwa polishe hano.
Mu by’ukuri TMS ifite imbogamizi mu by’ubuhanga, kandi kugira ngo iyi sosiyete ikureho, uyu mwaka yashyizeho sisitemu yo gushyiraho ibicuruzwa. Porogaramu yihariye yakozwe hejuru ya SolidWorks yemerera abakiriya gushyiraho ibicuruzwa byabo no kwakira ibiciro kuri interineti. Iyi porogaramu ikora ku biro igomba koroshya gutunganya ibicuruzwa, kandi icy’ingenzi kurushaho, ikemerera abahanga mu by’ubucuruzi gukora akazi kenshi ku buntu. Muri make, igikoresho kigomba gufasha kunoza imikorere y’ibiciro no gukora neza mu by’ubuhanga, ari ikintu cyiza. N’ubundi kandi, uko ikoranabuhanga n’ibiciro bidakora neza, ni ko bigora iduka gukura.
Amateka ya TMS ahera mu myaka ya 1920, akaba yari umunyamahanga w’Umudage witwaga Rudolph Bruehner. Yari afite iyi kompanyi kuva mu 1929 kugeza mu 1964, akoresha abacuranga ibyuma b’abahanga bari bafite uburambe bw’imyaka myinshi bakorana n’imashini zikora imashini, batunganya uburyo bwo kuzunguruka. Imashini izunguruka ahantu hatari ikintu, kandi imashini izunguruka icyuma ikoresha imashini ikandagira imashini ku gice cy’akazi, bigatuma ikora ikoresheje imashini ikora ikoresheje imashini.
Amaherezo TMS yagutse igera ku gushushanya byimbitse, ikora ibice byashyizweho ikimenyetso ndetse n'ibisanzwe byo kuzunguruka. Agakoresho gakubita agakoresho kakagashyira ku cyuma gizunguruka. Gutangirira ku gakoresho gasanzwe aho gutangirira ku kintu kidasa neza bituma ibikoresho bizunguruka mu burebure bwinshi no mu bugari buto.
Muri iki gihe, TMS iracyari ubucuruzi bw'umuryango, ariko si ubucuruzi bw'umuryango wa Bruehner. Iyi sosiyete yahinduye intoki mu 1964, ubwo Bruehner yayigurishaga kuri Ken na Bill Fankauser, batari abakozi b'ibyuma bahoze bakora mu gihugu cya kera, ahubwo ni injeniyeri akaba n'umucungamari. Umuhungu wa Ken, Eric Fankhauser, ubu akaba ari visi perezida wa TMS, ni we ubivuga.
“Nkiri umucungamari ukiri muto, data yabonye konti ya [TMS] ayihawe n'inshuti ye wakoraga mu kigo cy'ibaruramari cya Ernst na Ernst. Papa yakoraga igenzura ry'inganda n'ibigo kandi yakoze akazi keza, Rudy atanga. Yohereje sheki ya $100. Ibi byashyize papa mu kaga. Iyo aza kubikuza iyo sheki, byaba ari amakimbirane y'inyungu. Nuko ajya kwa Ernst na Ernst amubaza icyo gukora, maze bamubwira ko agomba gushyira sheki yemejwe n'umufatanyabikorwa. Yarabikoze kandi sheki imaze kwemezwa, Rudy yarababaye cyane abonye yemerewe kwinjira muri iyo sosiyete. Yahamagaye papa mu biro bye amubwira ko ababaye Ntabwo yabitse amafaranga. Data yamusobanuriye ko ari amakimbirane y'inyungu.
“Rudy yabitekerejeho maze amaherezo aravuga ati ‘Uri umuntu nifuzaga kuba naratunze iyi sosiyete. Ese ushishikajwe no kuyigura?
Ken Fankhauser yabitekerejeho, hanyuma ahamagara murumuna we Bill, icyo gihe wari injeniyeri w’indege muri Boeing i Seattle. Nk’uko Eric abyibuka, “Marume Bill yinjiye mu ndege areba ikigo maze bafata icyemezo cyo kukigura. Ibisigaye ni amateka.”
Muri uyu mwaka, igikoresho cyo gutondeka ibicuruzwa kuri interineti gifasha mu gutumiza ibicuruzwa ku buryo byatumijwe kuri TMS nyinshi cyafashije mu kunoza imikorere no kunoza ubunararibonye bw'abakiriya.
Ubwo Ken na Bill baguraga TMS mu myaka ya 1960, bari bafite iduka ryuzuyemo imashini za kera zikoresha imikandara. Ariko kandi zije mu gihe kudoda ibyuma (n'imashini zikora muri rusange) bigenda biva ku gukora intoki bijya ku kugenzura porogaramu.
Mu myaka ya 1960, bombi baguze imashini izunguruka ikoresha stencil ya Leifeld, isa neza n'imashini ishaje ikoresha stencil. Umukoresha akoresha icyuma gikoresha stilus ku gishushanyo mbonera gifite ishusho y'igice kizenguruka. “Iyi ni intangiriro ya TMS automation,” uyu ni umuvandimwe wa Eric, Craig, ubu akaba ari visi perezida ushinzwe ubucuruzi wa TMS.
Ikoranabuhanga ry'iyi kompanyi ryateye imbere binyuze mu bwoko butandukanye bw'imashini zizunguruka zikoresha imashini za elegitoroniki, bikarangira habayeho imashini zigenzurwa na mudasobwa inganda zikoresha muri iki gihe. Nyamara, ibintu byinshi byo kuzunguruka ibyuma bitandukanya n'ibindi bikorwa. Ubwa mbere, ndetse n'uburyo bugezweho cyane ntibushobora gukoreshwa neza n'umuntu utazi iby'ibanze byo kuzunguruka.
Eric yagize ati: “Ntushobora gushyira ubusa gusa ngo imashini izunguruke igice mu buryo bwikora hashingiwe ku gishushanyo,” yongeraho ko abakora bagomba gukora porogaramu nshya z’ibice bakoresheje uburyo bwo guhindura aho icyuma giherereye mu gihe cyo gukora. Akenshi bikorwa inshuro nyinshi, ariko bishobora gukorwa rimwe gusa, nko mu gikorwa cyo gukata, aho ibikoresho bishobora kugabanywa (cyangwa “gukata”) kugeza kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy’ubunini bwabyo. Icyuma ubwacyo “kirakura” cyangwa kikagenda kirushaho kuzunguruka.
“Buri bwoko bw’icyuma buratandukanye, kandi hari itandukaniro ndetse no mu cyuma kimwe, harimo ubukana n’imbaraga zo gukurura,” Craig yagize ati. “Si ibyo gusa, icyuma kirashyuha uko kizunguruka, hanyuma ubwo bushyuhe bugashyirwa mu gikoresho. Uko icyuma gishyuha, ni ko kigenda gikura. Izi mpinduka zose bivuze ko abakora ibikoresho by’inzobere bagomba gukurikirana akazi.”
Umukozi wa TMS amaze imyaka 67 akurikirana akazi. “Yitwaga Al,” Eric yagize ati, “kandi ntiyigeze ajya mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru kugeza afite imyaka 86.” Al yatangiye ubwo imashini yo mu iduka yakoreshaga umukandara ufatanye n’umugozi wo hejuru. Yavuye mu iduka rifite imashini zigezweho zishobora gukoreshwa mu gucuranga.
Muri iki gihe, uruganda rufite abakozi bamwe bamaze imyaka irenga 30 muri iyo kompanyi, abandi imyaka irenga 20, kandi abahuguwe mu bijyanye no kuzunguza bakora imirimo y'intoki ndetse n'iy'ikoranabuhanga. Niba iduka rikeneye gukora ibice byoroshye byo kuzunguza rimwe, biracyari ngombwa ko imashini izunguza itangiza imashini ikoresha intoki.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, iyi kompanyi ikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwikora, nk'uko bigaragazwa n'ikoreshwa ryayo rya roboti mu gusya no gusiga irangi. Eric yagize ati: “Dufite roboti eshatu mu nzu zikora irangi.” Zibiri muri zo zagenewe gusiga irangi ku murongo ugororotse n'indi ku murongo utambitse.”
Iri shami rikoresha injeniyeri w’imashini zikora roboti wigisha buri roboti gusya imiterere yihariye akoresheje ibikoresho by’intoki (Dynabrade-type), ndetse n’ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye bisya imikandara. Gutegura roboti ni ikibazo gikomeye, cyane cyane bitewe n’imiterere itandukanye irimo, umubare w’inzira, n’imbaraga zitandukanye roboti ikoresha.
Iyi kompanyi iracyakoresha abantu bakora akazi ko gusudira intoki, cyane cyane akazi kabugenewe. Inakoresha abasudira bakora akazi ko gusudira uruziga n'umushono, ndetse n'abasudira bakoresha planer, igikorwa kitanoza gusa ireme ry'ubusudira ahubwo kinanongera uburyo bwo kuzunguruka. Imigozi y'icyuma gikoresha uruhu ikomeza kandi igatuma isaro ry'ubusudira rikomera, ibi bifasha mu kubungabunga uburyo bwo gukora iyo bibaye ngombwa ko izunguruka nyuma.
TMS yari isosiyete ikora imashini gusa kugeza mu 1988, ubwo isosiyete yakoraga umurongo usanzwe w’imashini zikora ibishushanyo mbonera. Eric yagize ati: “Twabonye ko, cyane cyane mu nganda zikora ipulasitiki, twakira ibyifuzo bitandukanye by’ibiciro by’imashini bihinduka gato gusa—santimetero umunani hano, santimetero enye hariya.” Twatangiye dukoresha imashini ifite ishusho ya santimetero 24. Imashini ifite ishusho ifite ishusho ya dogere 60, twakoze uburyo bwo kuzunguruka [gushushanya cyane imashini, hanyuma tuyizunguruka] kuri yo, maze twubaka umurongo w’ibicuruzwa uhereye aho.” Twari dufite ingano icumi z’imashini zikora ibishushanyo mbonera, dukora hagati ya 50 na 100 icyarimwe. Ibi bivuze ko tudafite ibikoresho bihenze byo kwishyura kandi abakiriya ntibagomba kwishyura ibikoresho. Irahari gusa kandi dushobora kuyitumiza umunsi ukurikiyeho. Cyangwa dushobora gukora akazi k’inyongera, nko gushyiramo ferrule cyangwa ikariso, cyangwa ikirahure, byose bisaba uburyo bwo kuyitunganya.”
Indi porogaramu yitwa Cleaning Line, irimo ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho by'imyanda idafite ibara ry'umuhondo. Iki gitekerezo cy'iyi porogaramu gituruka hirya no hino, inganda zikora imashini zoza imodoka.
Eric yagize ati: “Dukora ama-dome menshi yo koza imodoka, kandi twifuzaga kuyamanura tugakora ikindi kintu. Dufite patenti y’igishushanyo kuri CleanLine kandi twagurishije imyaka 20.” Hasi h’ibi bikoresho birakururwa, umubiri urazungurutswa hanyuma ugasukwa, hejuru hakarundwa, hagakurikiraho gufunga, inzira izunguruka ikora impande zizungurutse ku gikoresho, nk’imbavu za Reinforced.
Ibicuruzwa bya Hoppers na Clean Line biboneka mu byiciro bitandukanye bya "standard". Mu mutima, sosiyete isobanura "ibicuruzwa bisanzwe" nk'ibishobora gukurwa mu bubiko bikoherezwa. Ariko nanone, sosiyete ifite "ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byihariye," bikozwe mu bubiko hanyuma bigashyirwaho uko byatumijwe. Aha niho abashinzwe gutunganya ibicuruzwa bishingiye kuri porogaramu bagira uruhare runini.
“Dushaka cyane ko abakiriya bacu babona ibicuruzwa kandi bakareba imiterere yabyo, imitako yo gushyiraho n’irangira basaba,” ibi byavuzwe na Maggie Shaffer, umuyobozi ushinzwe iyamamazabikorwa uyobora gahunda ya configurator. “Turashaka ko abakiriya basobanukirwa ibicuruzwa mu buryo bw’ibanga.”
Mu gihe cyo kwandika iyi nkuru, icyuma gitunganya ibicuruzwa cyerekana imiterere y'ibicuruzwa hamwe n'amahitamo yatoranijwe kandi kigatanga igiciro cy'amasaha 24. (Kimwe n'inganda nyinshi, TMS yashoboraga kugumana ibiciro byayo igihe kirekire mu bihe byashize, ariko ubu ntabwo ishobora kubigumana, bitewe n'ibiciro by'ibikoresho bihindagurika ndetse n'uko biboneka.) Isosiyete yizeye kongera ubushobozi bwo gutunganya amafaranga mu gihe kizaza.
Kugeza ubu, abakiriya bahamagara iduka kugira ngo buzuze ibyo bategetse. Ariko aho kumara iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru bakora, bategura, kandi bakabona uburenganzira bwo gushushanya (akenshi bategereza igihe kirekire mu gasanduku k’ubutumwa kaba gahagije), injeniyeri za TMS zishobora gukora ibishushanyo mu gukandaho gato, hanyuma zikohereza amakuru ako kanya mu iduka.
Ukurikije uko umukiriya abibona, iterambere ry’imashini zizunguza ibyuma cyangwa ndetse no gusya no gusiga ibikoresho bya roboti bishobora kutagaragara na gato. Ariko, icyuma gitunganya ibicuruzwa ni iterambere abakiriya bashobora kubona. Gituma bagura neza kandi kikagabanya iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru bya TMS byo gutunganya ibyo batumije. Ntabwo ari uruvange rubi.
Tim Heston, Umwanditsi Mukuru muri The FABRICATOR, yatangiye gukora ku nganda zikora ibyuma kuva mu 1998, atangira akazi ke muri American Welding Society's Welding Magazine. Kuva icyo gihe, yakomeje gukora ku nganda zose zikora ibyuma kuva ku gukata, kugonda no gukata kugeza ku gusya no gusiga irangi. Yinjiye mu bakozi ba The FABRICATOR mu Kwakira 2007.
FABRICATOR ni ikinyamakuru gikomeye muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru mu nganda zikora ibyuma. Iki kinyamakuru gitanga amakuru, ingingo za tekiniki n'amateka y'ibyabaye afasha abakora akazi kabo gukora akazi kabo neza. FABRICATOR imaze gukorera uruganda kuva mu 1970.
Ubu hamwe n'uburyo bwose bwo kubona igitabo cya The FABRICATOR gikoresha ikoranabuhanga, byoroshye kubona ibikoresho by'agaciro by'inganda.
Ikinyamakuru The Tube & Pipe Journal cyo kuri interineti ubu kiraboneka neza, gitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona ibikoresho by'agaciro by'inganda.
Ishimire uburyo bwose bwo kubona STAMPING Journal yo mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, itanga iterambere rigezweho mu ikoranabuhanga, uburyo bwiza bwo gukora ndetse n'amakuru y'inganda ku isoko ry'ubukorikori bw'ibyuma.
Ubu dufite uburenganzira bwose bwo kubona igitabo cy’ikoranabuhanga cyitwa The Fabricator en Español, kandi byoroshye kubona ibikoresho by’agaciro by’inganda.