Lokacin zayyana tsarin bututun matsa lamba, injiniyan zayyana sau da yawa zai ƙayyade cewa tsarin bututun ya kamata ya dace da ɗaya ko fiye da sassan ASME B31 Matsakaicin Bututun Bututu. Ta yaya injiniyoyi suke bin ka'idodin lambar daidai lokacin zayyana tsarin bututu?
Na farko, dole ne injiniyan injiniya ya ƙayyade wane ƙayyadaddun ƙira ya kamata a zaɓa.Don tsarin bututun matsa lamba, wannan ba lallai ba ne ya iyakance ga ASME B31. Sauran lambobin da ASME, ANSI, NFPA, ko wasu ƙungiyoyin mulki za a iya gudanar da su ta wurin aikin aiki, aikace-aikace, da dai sauransu A cikin ASME B31, a halin yanzu akwai sassa bakwai daban-daban a tasiri.
ASME B31.1 Electrical Pipeing: Wannan sashe yana rufe bututu a tashoshin wutar lantarki, masana'antu da masana'antu, tsarin dumama bututun ƙasa, da tsarin dumama da kuma sanyaya tsarin tsakiya da gundumomi.Wannan ya haɗa da bututu na waje da na waje wanda ba a tukunyar tukunyar jirgi da aka yi amfani da shi don shigar da Sashe na I boilers na ASME. 100.1.3 na ASME B31.1. Asalin ASME B31.1 za a iya gano shi tun cikin 1920s, tare da bugu na farko da aka buga a cikin 1935. Lura cewa bugu na farko, gami da abubuwan da ke ciki, bai wuce shafuka 30 ba, kuma bugu na yanzu ya wuce shafuka 300.
ASME B31.3 Tsari Bututu: Wannan sashe ya shafi bututun mai a matatun mai; sunadarai, Pharmaceutical, Yadi, takarda, semiconductor, da kuma shuke-shuke cryogenic; Wannan sashe yana da kama da ASME B31.1, musamman ma lokacin da ake ƙididdige mafi ƙarancin kauri na bango don madaidaiciyar bututu. Wannan sashe asalin wani ɓangare ne na B31.1 kuma an fara fitar da shi daban a cikin 1959.
ASME B31.4 Tsarin Sufuri na Bututu don Ruwa da Ruwa: Wannan sashe yana rufe bututun da ke jigilar samfuran ruwa da farko tsakanin tsire-tsire da tashoshi, kuma a cikin tashoshi, famfo, kwandishan, da tashoshi na awo. Wannan sashe na asali wani ɓangare ne na B31.1 kuma an fara fitar dashi daban a cikin 1959.
ASME B31.5 Na'ura mai sanyaya bututu da Canja wurin zafi: Wannan sashe yana rufe bututu don refrigerants da na'urorin sanyaya na biyu.Wannan bangare asalin wani bangare ne na B31.1 kuma an fara fitar dashi daban a cikin 1962.
ASME B31.8 Isar Gas da Tsarin Rarraba Bututu: Wannan ya haɗa da bututu don jigilar kayan gas na farko tsakanin tushe da tashoshi, gami da compressors, kwandishan da tashoshi masu aunawa; da kuma tara bututun iskar gas.Wannan sashe asalin sashe ne na B31.1 kuma an fara fitar dashi daban a 1955.
ASME B31.9 Bututun Sabis na Gina: Wannan sashe yana rufe bututun da ake samu a masana'antu, hukumomi, kasuwanci, da gine-ginen jama'a; da kuma gidaje masu yawa waɗanda ba sa buƙatar girman, matsa lamba, da yanayin zafin jiki da aka rufe a cikin ASME B31.1. Wannan sashe yana kama da ASME B31.1 da B31.3, amma ba shi da ra'ayin mazan jiya (musamman lokacin ƙididdige ƙananan kauri na bango) kuma yana ƙunshe da ƙananan ƙira.
ASME B31.12 Hydrogen Piping and Piping: Wannan sashe ya kunshi bututun ruwa a sabis na iskar gas da ruwa, da kuma bututun iskar gas. An fara buga wannan sashe a cikin 2008.
Wace lambar ƙira ya kamata a yi amfani da ita ita ce mai shi. Gabatarwar ASME B31 ta ce, "Haƙƙin mai shi ne ya zaɓi sashin lambar wanda ya fi kusantar shigarwar bututun da aka tsara." A wasu lokuta, "ɓangarorin lambobi da yawa na iya amfani da sassa daban-daban na shigarwa."
Buga na 2012 na ASME B31.1 zai zama babban tunani na farko don tattaunawa na gaba. Manufar wannan labarin shine don jagorantar injiniyan zane ta hanyar wasu mahimman matakai na tsara tsarin bututun matsa lamba na ASME B31. Bi ka'idodin ASME B31.1 yana ba da kyakkyawan wakilci na tsarin tsarin gabaɗaya.Kamar yadda ake amfani da hanyoyin ƙirar B31.9. na ASME B31 ana amfani dashi a cikin kunkuntar aikace-aikace, da farko don takamaiman tsarin ko aikace-aikace, kuma ba za a tattauna gaba ba.Yayin da za a yi la'akari da matakai masu mahimmanci a cikin tsarin zane a nan, wannan tattaunawa ba ta ƙare ba kuma ya kamata a yi la'akari da cikakken lambar a koyaushe a lokacin tsarin tsarin.
Bayan zaɓar madaidaicin lambar, mai tsara tsarin dole ne ya sake duba duk wani ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin ƙira.Saki na 122 (Sashe na 6) yana ba da buƙatun ƙira da suka danganci tsarin da aka saba samu a aikace-aikacen bututun lantarki, irin su tururi, ruwan abinci, busawa da busa, bututun kayan aiki, da tsarin taimako na matsa lamba.ASME B31.3 ya ƙunshi sakin layi iri ɗaya zuwa ASME B31.1. takamaiman matsi na tsarin da buƙatun zafin jiki, da kuma iyakance iyakance daban-daban waɗanda aka keɓe tsakanin tukunyar jirgi da kanta, bututun tukunyar jirgi na waje, da bututun da ba na tukunyar jirgi na waje da aka haɗa da ASME Part I bututun tukunyar jirgi. ma'anar.Hoto na 2 yana nuna waɗannan iyakoki na tukunyar jirgi.
Dole ne mai tsara tsarin ya ƙayyade matsa lamba da zafin jiki wanda tsarin zai yi aiki da yanayin da ya kamata a tsara tsarin don saduwa.
Dangane da sakin layi na 101.2, matsa lamba na ƙirar ciki ba zai zama ƙasa da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsa lamba na aiki ba (MSOP) a cikin tsarin bututun, gami da tasirin kai tsaye. Za a tsara bututun da aka yiwa matsin lamba na waje don matsakaicin matsakaicin matsa lamba da ake tsammanin a ƙarƙashin aiki, rufewa ko yanayin gwaji. Bugu da ƙari, tasirin muhalli yana buƙatar yin la’akari da tasirin muhalli.A cewar sakin layi na 101.4 na ruwa a ƙasa, idan mai yiwuwa ya rage zafi a cikin bututun da ke ƙasa. matsa lamba, za a tsara bututun don tsayayya da matsa lamba na waje ko za a dauki matakan da za a karya vacuum.A cikin yanayin da fadada ruwa zai iya ƙara matsa lamba, ya kamata a tsara tsarin tsarin bututu don tsayayya da matsa lamba mai yawa ko kuma a dauki matakan da za a rage yawan matsa lamba.
Da farko a cikin Sashe 101.3.2, da karfe zafin jiki don bututu zane zai zama wakilin da ake tsammani matsakaicin yanayin ci gaba.Domin sauki, shi ne kullum zaci cewa karfe zafin jiki ne daidai da ruwa zafin jiki.If so, da talakawan karfe zafin jiki za a iya amfani idan dai m bango zafin jiki da aka sani.Musamman hankali ya kamata kuma a biya ga ruwaye kõma ta hanyar zafin jiki kayan aiki ko daga combus yanayi da ake dauka a cikin zafin jiki kayan aiki ko daga combus yanayi.
Sau da yawa, masu zanen kaya suna ƙara ƙimar aminci zuwa matsakaicin matsa lamba na aiki da / ko zafin jiki. Girman gefen ya dogara da aikace-aikacen. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki lokacin da aka ƙayyade yanayin ƙirar ƙira. Ƙayyadaddun yanayin yanayin ƙirar ƙira (fiye da 750 F) na iya buƙatar yin amfani da kayan haɗin gwal maimakon mafi daidaitattun ƙarfe na carbon. Misalin ƙimar damuwa a cikin Mahimmancin carbon don kowane ƙarfe na iya ba da ƙimar zafin jiki ga kowane ƙarfe. kawai samar da darajar danniya har zuwa 800 F. Tsawaita bayyanar da carbon karfe zuwa yanayin zafi sama da 800 F na iya haifar da bututu zuwa carbonize, yana sa shi ya fi raguwa kuma yana da wuyar gazawa.Idan yana aiki a sama da 800 F, ya kamata a yi la'akari da lalacewar da aka kara da shi tare da carbon karfe.Duba sakin layi na 124 don cikakken tattaunawa game da iyakokin kayan aiki.
Wani lokaci injiniyoyi kuma na iya ƙayyade gwajin gwaji ga kowane tsarin.Saki na 137 yana ba da jagora kan gwajin damuwa. Yawanci, gwajin hydrostatic za a ƙayyade a sau 1.5 na matsa lamba na ƙira; duk da haka, damuwa na hoop da tsayin daka a cikin bututu ba zai wuce 90% na ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin sakin layi na 102.3.3 (B) yayin gwajin matsa lamba. Ga wasu tsarin bututu na waje ba na tukunyar jirgi ba, gwajin yatsa na cikin sabis na iya zama hanyar da ta fi dacewa don bincika leaks saboda matsaloli a ware sassa na tsarin, ko kuma kawai saboda sauƙin tsarin saiti. An yarda, wannan abin karɓa ne.
Da zarar an kafa yanayin ƙira, ana iya ƙayyade bututun. Abu na farko da za a yanke shawara shine abin da za a yi amfani da shi. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, kayan daban-daban suna da iyakokin zafin jiki daban-daban.Saki na 105 yana ba da ƙarin ƙuntatawa akan nau'in bututun daban-daban. Zaɓin kayan abu kuma ya dogara da tsarin ruwa, irin su yin amfani da nickel gami a cikin aikace-aikacen bututun sinadarai masu lalata, ta yin amfani da bakin karfe don sadar da iska mai tsabta, ko amfani da chromium karfe 1 tare da abun ciki na chromium. kwarara-accelerated lalata.Flow Accelerated lalata (FAC) ne wani yashewa / lalata sabon abu da aka nuna don haifar da tsanani bango thinning da bututu gazawar a wasu daga cikin mafi m bututu tsarin.Failure to yadda ya kamata la'akari thinning na plumbing aka gyara na iya kuma yana da tsanani sakamakon, kamar a cikin 2007 a lokacin da desuperheating wutar lantarki bututu da kisa biyu a KIA. raunata na uku.
Ƙididdigar 7 da Ƙididdigar 9 a cikin sakin layi na 104.1.1 sun ƙayyade ƙananan kauri na bango da ake buƙata da matsakaicin ƙira na ciki, bi da bi, don madaidaiciyar bututu da ke ƙarƙashin matsa lamba na ciki.Masu-masumai a cikin waɗannan ma'auni sun haɗa da matsakaicin ƙyalli da aka yarda (daga Karin Bayani A), diamita na waje na bututu, kayan abu (kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Table 104.1.2 (kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Table 104.1.2)) , da kowane ƙarin kauri da aka bayyana a ƙasa (Wi) . da hannu, ƙayyadaddun kayan bututun da suka dace, diamita na ƙididdiga, da kauri na bango na iya zama tsarin juzu'i wanda kuma zai iya haɗawa da saurin ruwa, raguwar matsa lamba, da bututun da farashin famfo. Ko da kuwa aikace-aikacen, ƙaramin kauri na bangon da ake buƙata dole ne a tabbatar da shi.
Ƙarin kauri izni za a iya ƙara don rama saboda daban-daban dalilai ciki har da FAC.Allowances iya bukatar saboda kau da zaren, ramummuka, da dai sauransu abu da ake bukata don yin inji gidajen abinci.A cewar sakin layi na 102.4.2, da m izni zai zama daidai da thread zurfin da machining tolerance.Allowance iya kuma za a buƙaci don samar da ƙarin ƙarfi don hana sa bututun lalacewa, ko da babban dalilin da ya sa bututu da aka tattauna a kan lalacewa, ko da babban abin da za a yi la'akari. A cikin sakin layi na 102.4.4. Hakanan za'a iya ƙara ba da izini don asusu na haɗin gwiwar welded (sakin layi na 102.4.3) da gwiwar hannu (sakin layi na 102.4.5) . A ƙarshe, ana iya ƙara haƙuri don rama lalata da / ko yashwa. The kauri na wannan izni yana a kan mai zanen ta hankali daidai da yanayin da ake tsammani a cikin sakin layi na gaba. 102.4.1.
Annex na zaɓi na zaɓi na IV yana ba da jagora akan sarrafa lalata.Kayan kariya masu kariya, kariya ta cathodic, da keɓancewar lantarki (kamar flanges masu rufewa) duk hanyoyin hana lalatawar waje na binne ko bututun da aka ruɗe.
Matsakaicin kauri na bangon bututu ko jadawalin da ake buƙata don ƙididdigewa na baya bazai zama dindindin ba a fadin bututun bututu kuma yana iya buƙatar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun jadawalin jadawalin daban-daban don diamita daban-daban.An bayyana jadawalin da ya dace da ƙimar kauri na bango a cikin ASME B36.10 Welded and Seamless Forged Steel Pipe.
Lokacin ƙayyade bututun abu da yin lissafin da aka tattauna a baya, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfin damuwa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin lissafin sun dace da ƙayyadaddun kayan. Misali, idan A312 304L Bakin Karfe bututu ba daidai ba ne a kayyade a maimakon A312 304 bakin karfe bututu, bangon kauri da aka bayar na iya zama ƙasa da ƙasa saboda gagarumin bambanci a cikin matsakaicin ƙimar ƙima biyu. na bututu dole ne a kayyade yadda ya kamata.Misali, idan ana amfani da matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar damuwa don bututu maras kyau don ƙididdigewa, ya kamata a ƙayyade bututu mara kyau.
Alal misali, ɗauka cewa zafin jiki na ƙirar bututun shine 300 F kuma matsa lamba na ƙirar shine 1,200 psig.2 "da 3" za a yi amfani da ƙarfe na ƙarfe (A53 Grade B maras kyau) waya.
Na gaba, ƙayyade matsakaicin ƙimar damuwa mai ƙyalli don A53 Grade B a yanayin yanayin ƙirar da ke sama daga Teburin A-1. Lura cewa ana amfani da ƙimar bututu mara nauyi saboda an ƙayyade bututu maras kyau:
Dole ne kuma a ƙara izinin kauri. Don wannan aikace-aikacen, 1/16 inch. Ana ɗaukar izinin lalata. Za'a ƙara juriyar juzu'i daban daga baya.
3 inci. Za a ƙayyade bututun farko. Yin la'akari da bututun Jadawalin 40 da haƙurin milling 12.5%, ƙididdige matsakaicin matsa lamba:
Jadawalin bututu na 40 yana da gamsarwa don inci 3.tube a cikin yanayin ƙirar da aka ƙayyade a sama.Na gaba, duba inci 2. Bututun yana amfani da zato iri ɗaya:
2 inci. A ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙirar da aka ƙayyade a sama, bututun zai buƙaci kauri bango fiye da Jadawalin 40. Gwada 2 inci. Jadawalin 80 Bututu:
Yayin da kaurin bangon bututu sau da yawa shine ƙayyadaddun abin ƙira a cikin ƙirar matsa lamba, har yanzu yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa kayan aiki, abubuwan haɗin gwiwa da haɗin da aka yi amfani da su sun dace da ƙayyadaddun yanayin ƙira.
A matsayinka na gaba ɗaya, daidai da sakin layi na 104.2, 104.7.1, 106 da 107, duk bawuloli, kayan aiki da sauran abubuwan da ke ƙunshe da matsa lamba da aka ƙera zuwa ƙa'idodin da aka jera a cikin Tebu 126.1 za a yi la'akarin dacewa don amfani a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun ko ƙasa da waɗannan ƙa'idodin matsa lamba-zazzabi da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun masana'anta. akan sabawa daga aiki na yau da kullun fiye da waɗanda aka ƙayyade a cikin ASME B31.1, za a yi amfani da iyakacin iyaka.
A cikin hanyoyin haɗin bututu, tees, transverses, crosses, reshe welded haɗin gwiwa, da dai sauransu, ƙera zuwa ka'idojin da aka jera a cikin Table 126.1 ana ba da shawarar.
Don sauƙaƙe zane, mai zane zai iya zaɓar saita yanayin ƙira mafi girma don saduwa da ƙimar flange na wani nau'in matsa lamba (misali ASME aji 150, 300, da sauransu) kamar yadda aka ayyana ta aji-zazzabi don takamaiman kayan da aka ƙayyade a cikin ASME B16 .5 Bututu flanges da flange gidajen abinci, ko makamancin ma'auni da aka jera a cikin Table 126.1 ba a yarda da wannan kauri ba idan dai wannan bangon yana ƙaruwa. ko kuma wasu abubuwan da aka tsara.
Wani muhimmin sashi na tsarin bututun yana tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye tsarin tsarin tsarin tsarin bututun da zarar an yi amfani da tasirin matsa lamba, zafin jiki da ƙarfin waje. Ana yin watsi da tsarin tsarin tsarin sau da yawa a cikin tsarin ƙira kuma, idan ba a yi shi da kyau ba, zai iya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsada sassa na ƙirar.Tsarin daidaiton tsarin ana tattauna batun farko a wurare biyu da layi na 104, sakin layi na 8. 119: Fadadawa da Sassautu.
Sakin layi na 104.8 ya lissafa ainihin ƙa'idodin lambar da aka yi amfani da su don tantance ko tsarin bututun ya zarce ƙimar da za a iya yarda da su.Waɗannan ƙididdigan lambobin ana kiran su da ɗaukar nauyi na lokaci-lokaci, lodi na lokaci-lokaci, da nauyin ƙaura. Load mai dorewa shine tasirin matsi da nauyi akan tsarin bututun. Abubuwan da ke faruwa suna ci gaba da ɗaukar nauyi tare da yuwuwar lodin iska, gajeriyar lodi. kowane nau'i mai haɗari da aka yi amfani da shi ba zai yi aiki a kan wasu nau'o'in abubuwan da suka faru ba a lokaci guda, don haka kowane nau'i mai mahimmanci zai zama nau'i daban-daban a lokacin bincike. Ƙaurawar ƙaura shine sakamakon haɓakar zafi, ƙaurawar kayan aiki a lokacin aiki, ko duk wani nauyin ƙaura.
Sakin layi na 119 yayi magana game da yadda ake ɗaukar fadada bututu da sassauƙa a cikin tsarin bututu da yadda za a ƙayyade ɗaukar nauyi. Sauƙaƙan tsarin tsarin bututu sau da yawa mafi mahimmanci a haɗin kayan aiki, kamar yadda yawancin haɗin kayan aiki na iya jure ƙarancin ƙarfi da lokacin da ake amfani da shi a wurin haɗin gwiwa.
Don saukar da sassaucin tsarin tsarin bututun kuma don tabbatar da cewa tsarin yana tallafawa da kyau, yana da kyakkyawan aiki don tallafawa bututun ƙarfe daidai da Teburin 121.5.Idan mai zane yayi ƙoƙari ya sadu da daidaitattun tazara na tallafi don wannan tebur, yana cika abubuwa uku: yana rage girman girman kai, rage ɗaukar nauyi mai ƙarfi, kuma yana ƙaruwa da samun damuwa don idan matsuguni na 1 zai goyi bayan 1. yawanci haifar da kasa da 1/8 inch na kai-nauyin ƙaura ko sag.tsakanin tube supports.Rana kai nauyi deflection taimaka rage da damar da condensation a cikin bututu dauke da tururi ko gas.Following da tazara shawarwari a cikin Table 121.5 kuma damar da zanen don rage dawwama danniya a cikin bututu zuwa kamar 50% na ci gaba da code'B damar da code'. Danniya da ake yarda da shi don nauyin ƙaura yana da alaƙa da alaƙa mai dorewa.Saboda haka, ta hanyar rage girman nauyin da aka ɗora, za a iya ƙara yawan juriya na ƙaura. Ana nuna tazarar da aka ba da shawarar don tallafin bututu a cikin Hoto 3.
Don taimakawa tabbatar da cewa bututu tsarin dauki lodi da ake da kyau la'akari da cewa code danniya an hadu, na kowa hanya ne don yin kwamfuta-taimaka bututu danniya bincike na system.There akwai da dama daban-daban bututun danniya bincike software kunshe-kunshe samuwa, irin su Bentley AutoPIPE, Intergraph Kaisar II, bututu Solutions Tri-Flex, ko daya daga cikin sauran kasuwanci samuwa kunshe-kunshe.The amfani da yin amfani da kwamfuta-taimaka bututun danniya bincike da shi ne ya haifar da danniya kashi na fi da model. tsarin bututun don tabbatarwa mai sauƙi da kuma ikon yin canje-canje masu mahimmanci ga daidaitawa.Hoto na 4 yana nuna misali na ƙirar ƙira da kuma nazarin sashin bututun.
Lokacin zayyana sabon tsarin, masu ƙirƙira tsarin yawanci suna ƙayyadad da cewa duk bututu da kayan aikin yakamata a ƙirƙira, welded, haɗawa, da dai sauransu kamar yadda ake buƙata ta kowane lambar da ake amfani da su.Duk da haka, a cikin wasu gyare-gyare ko wasu aikace-aikacen, yana iya zama da amfani ga injiniyan da aka zaɓa ya ba da jagora kan wasu fasahohin masana'antu, kamar yadda aka bayyana a Babi na V.
Matsala ta yau da kullun da aka fuskanta a cikin aikace-aikacen sake dawowa shine weld preheat (sakin layi na 131) da kuma maganin zafi bayan-weld (sakin layi na 132) . Daga cikin sauran fa'idodin, ana amfani da waɗannan magungunan zafi don sauƙaƙe damuwa, hana fashewa, da haɓaka ƙarfin weld. Abubuwan da ke shafar pre-weld da post-weld zafi magani buƙatun sun haɗa da, amma ba'a iyakance su zuwa, abubuwan da ke biyowa, haɗin gwiwa na rukuni na Pmistry a cikin rukuni na kayan haɗin gwiwa da haɗin gwiwa. welded.Kowane abu da aka jera a cikin Shafi A na wajibi yana da lambar P da aka sanya. Don preheating, sakin layi na 131 yana ba da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki wanda dole ne a yi zafi da ƙarfe na tushe kafin waldawa zai iya faruwa.Don PWHT, Tebur 132 yana ba da kewayon zafin jiki da tsayin lokaci don riƙe yankin weld.Zazzagewa da sanyaya rates, hanyoyin auna zafin jiki, dabarun dumama ya kamata su bi ka'idodin ka'idoji, da sauran hanyoyin da za a bi. illolin da ke faruwa a yankin da aka yi wa walda na iya faruwa saboda rashin yin maganin zafi yadda ya kamata.
Wani m yankin na damuwa a cikin matsa lamba tsarin bututu bends. Lankwasa bututu na iya haifar da bango thinning, sakamakon rashin isa ga bango kauri.A cewar sakin layi na 102.4.5, da code damar bends idan dai m bango kauri gamsu da wannan dabara amfani da lissafi m bango kauri ga madaidaiciya pipe.Yawanci, an izni da aka kara da cewa 2 da aka ba da shawarar ga bango kauri. izni ga daban-daban lanƙwasa radi.Bends kuma iya bukatar pre-lankwasawa da / ko bayan-lankwasawa zafi magani.Sakin layi na 129 yana ba da jagora kan kera na gwiwar hannu.
Don yawancin tsarin bututun matsa lamba, ya zama dole a shigar da bawul ɗin aminci ko bawul ɗin taimako don hana wuce gona da iri a cikin tsarin.Don waɗannan aikace-aikacen, zaɓi na zaɓi na Shafi II: Dokokin Ƙirƙirar Ƙira na Safety Valve abu ne mai matuƙar mahimmanci amma wani lokacin ba a san albarkatu ba.
Dangane da sakin layi na II-1.2, bawuloli masu aminci suna da alaƙa da cikakken aikin buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗe don sabis na iskar gas ko tururi, yayin da bawuloli masu aminci suna buɗe dangi zuwa matsatsi na tsaye kuma ana amfani da su da farko don sabis na ruwa.
Safety bawul raka'a suna halin ko suna bude ko rufaffiyar tsarin fitarwa.A cikin buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen, gwiwar hannu a mabudin bututun aminci zai yawanci shayewa cikin bututun shayewa zuwa yanayi.Yawanci, wannan zai haifar da ƙarancin matsa lamba na baya.Idan an ƙirƙiri isassun matsa lamba na baya a cikin bututun shayewa, ana iya fitar da wani yanki na iskar iskar gas ko baya daga mashigar mashigar na bututun isassun bututun ya kamata ya zama girman busa. matsa lamba yana haɓakawa a cikin ma'aunin bawul ɗin taimako saboda matsawar iska a cikin layin iska, mai yuwuwar haifar da raƙuman ruwa don yaduwa.A cikin sakin layi na II-2.2.2, ana ba da shawarar cewa ƙirar ƙirar layin da aka rufe ta kasance aƙalla sau biyu mafi girma fiye da matsi na aiki na tsaye.Hoto na 5 da 6 suna nuna shigarwar bawul ɗin aminci bude da rufe, bi da bi.
Ƙaƙƙarfan bawul ɗin shigarwa na iya zama ƙarƙashin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban kamar yadda aka taƙaita a cikin sakin layi na II-2. Wadannan sojojin sun haɗa da tasirin haɓakawar thermal, hulɗar da yawa na bawuloli masu tasowa masu tasowa lokaci guda, seismic da / ko vibration effects, da kuma tasirin matsa lamba a lokacin matsalolin taimako na matsa lamba.Ko da yake da ƙira matsa lamba har zuwa kan kanti na aminci bawul ya kamata dace da zane matsa lamba na saukar da bututu, da tsarin matsa lamba a kan fitarwa da tsarin da tsarin ya dogara da tsarin matsa lamba na fitarwa na bututu, da tsarin matsa lamba a kan fitarwa da tsarin. Valve.An ba da ma'auni a cikin sakin layi na II-2.2 don ƙayyade matsa lamba da sauri a gwiwar hannu na fitarwa, bututun bututun fitarwa, da fitarwar bututun bututu don buɗewa da kuma rufaffiyar tsarin fitarwa.Ta amfani da wannan bayanin, ƙarfin amsawa a wurare daban-daban a cikin tsarin shaye-shaye za a iya ƙididdige su kuma a lissafta su.
An ba da misalin matsala don buɗe aikace-aikacen fitarwa a cikin sakin layi na II-7. Wasu hanyoyin sun kasance don ƙididdige halayen kwarara a cikin tsarin fitarwa na bawul, kuma ana gargadin mai karatu don tabbatar da cewa hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita tana da isasshen ra'ayin mazan jiya.Wani irin wannan hanyar da GS Liao ya bayyana a cikin "Tsarin Tsirrai da Tsarin Taimako Valve Exhaust Group Analysis, Jaridar ASME7 ta buga a Oktoba 5.
Wurin da bawul ɗin aminci ya kamata ya kula da mafi ƙarancin nisa na madaidaiciyar bututu daga kowane lanƙwasa.Wannan mafi ƙarancin nisa ya dogara da sabis da lissafi na tsarin kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin sakin layi na II-5.2.1.Don shigarwa tare da bawul ɗin taimako da yawa, tazara da aka ba da shawarar don haɗin reshen bawul ya dogara da radii na reshe da bututun sabis, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin bayanin kula (10) (c) na Teburin D-1, yana iya zama dole don haɗawa da sakin layi na 7. goyan bayan da ke cikin fitarwar bawul ɗin taimako zuwa bututun aiki maimakon tsarin da ke kusa da shi don rage tasirin faɗaɗawar thermal da hulɗar girgizar ƙasa.Takaitaccen bayanin waɗannan da sauran la'akari da ƙira a cikin ƙirar majalissar bawul ɗin aminci ana iya samun su a sakin layi na II-5.
Babu shakka, ba zai yiwu a rufe duk buƙatun ƙira na ASME B31 a cikin iyakokin wannan labarin ba. Amma duk wani injiniya da aka zaɓa wanda ke da hannu a cikin ƙirar tsarin bututun matsa lamba ya kamata aƙalla ya saba da wannan ƙirar ƙirar.
Monte K. Engelkemier shine jagoran aikin a Stanley Consultants.Engelkemier memba ne na Iowa Engineering Society, NSPE, da ASME, kuma yana aiki a kan B31.1 Electrical Piping Code Committee and Subcommittee.He has over 12 years of hands-on experience in piping system layout, design, bracing kimantawa da danniya bincike na Stan. Consultants.Ya na da fiye da shekaru 6 na gwaninta gwaninta tsara tsarin bututu don iri-iri na amfani, gundumomi, hukumomi da masana'antu abokan ciniki kuma shi ne memba na ASME da Iowa Engineering Society.
Kuna da gogewa da ƙwarewa kan batutuwan da aka rufe a cikin wannan abun ciki?Ya kamata ku yi la'akari da ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyar edita ta CFE Media kuma ku sami karramawar ku da kamfanin ku. Danna nan don fara aiwatarwa.